2023
Clinical experience with the α2A-adrenoceptor agonist, guanfacine, and N-acetylcysteine for the treatment of cognitive deficits in “Long-COVID19”
Fesharaki-Zadeh A, Lowe N, Arnsten A. Clinical experience with the α2A-adrenoceptor agonist, guanfacine, and N-acetylcysteine for the treatment of cognitive deficits in “Long-COVID19”. Neuroimmunology Reports 2023, 3: 100154. DOI: 10.1016/j.nerep.2022.100154.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchN-acetylcysteineCognitive deficitsΑ2A-adrenoceptor agonistsPrefrontal cortexCOVID19 infectionPlacebo-controlled trialOpen-label treatmentCommon side effectsExecutive functionPFC connectionsBrain fogAcid blockadeLabel treatmentHypotensive episodesGuanfacine treatmentNMDA receptorsPatient brieflySide effectsClinical experienceGuanfacineCognitive impairmentPatientsPrefrontal connectivityDemonstrate efficacyPrefrontal function
2000
Noradrenergic alpha-2 receptor agonists reverse working memory deficits induced by the anxiogenic drug, FG7142, in rats
Birnbaum SG, Podell DM, Arnsten A. Noradrenergic alpha-2 receptor agonists reverse working memory deficits induced by the anxiogenic drug, FG7142, in rats. Pharmacology Biochemistry And Behavior 2000, 67: 397-403. PMID: 11164065, DOI: 10.1016/s0091-3057(00)00306-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsReceptor agonistMemory deficitsAnxiogenic drugsSide effectsAlpha-1 receptor stimulationAlpha-2 adrenoceptor subtypesAlpha-2 receptor agonistCognitive deficitsPrefrontal cortexStress-related neuropsychiatric disordersImidazoline I1 receptor agonistHypotensive side effectsEfficacy of clonidineI1 receptor agonistPrefrontal cognitive deficitsPrefrontal cortical functionClonidine pretreatmentDA turnoverAdrenoceptor agonistsAdrenoceptor subtypesCatecholamine releaseReceptor subtypesCortical functionTherapeutic usefulnessReceptor stimulation
1997
The effects of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists on cognitive performance in aged monkeys
Arnsten A, Lin C, Van Dyck C, Stanhope K. The effects of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists on cognitive performance in aged monkeys. Neurobiology Of Aging 1997, 18: 21-28. PMID: 8983029, DOI: 10.1016/s0197-4580(96)00162-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsVisual object discriminationObject discriminationFine motor tasksMotor tasksCognitive-enhancing effectsMemory taskResponse taskCognitive performanceReceptor antagonistEnhanced acquisitionCognitive functionReliable improvementMarmoset researchAged monkeysTaskReversal conditionsWide dose rangeDiscriminationSide effectsLow dosesRhesus monkeysDose rangeAntagonistAcquisitionMonkeys
1995
Guanfacine Treatment of Comorbid Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Tourette's Syndrome: Preliminary Clinical Experience
CHAPPELL P, RIDDLE M, SCAHILL L, LYNCH K, SCHULTZ R, ARNSTEN A, LECKMAN J, COHEN D. Guanfacine Treatment of Comorbid Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Tourette's Syndrome: Preliminary Clinical Experience. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 1995, 34: 1140-1146. PMID: 7559307, DOI: 10.1097/00004583-199509000-00010.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsYale Global Tic Severity ScaleAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderTourette syndromeContinuous Performance TestHyperactivity disorderOpen-label studyCommon side effectsSeverity of motorComorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorderSafe alternative therapySignificant decreaseTic Severity ScalePreliminary clinical experienceMajority of subjectsConners' Parent Rating ScaleTransient sedationControlled TrialsAlternative therapiesSedative effectsGuanfacine treatmentPhonic ticsSeverity ScaleSide effectsStimulant medicationTic severityAn Open Trial of Guanfacine in the Treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Hunt R, Arnsten A, Asbell M. An Open Trial of Guanfacine in the Treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 1995, 34: 50-54. PMID: 7860456, DOI: 10.1097/00004583-199501000-00013.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderGreater attentional abilityConners' Parent RatingUse of guanfacineAttentional abilitiesConners' hyperactivityParent ratingsHyperactivity disorderFrustration tolerancePatients' mean scoresSelective binding profileHyperactive childrenLonger excretionGuanfacine treatmentADHDHyperactive behaviorMean scoreSide effectsAlpha-2 noradrenergic agonistPsychiatric outpatientsGuanfacineDouble-blind studyBehavioral changesSedative side effectsOpen trial
1991
Behavioral and receptor binding analysis of the α2-adrenergic agonist, 5-bromo-6 [2-imidazoline-2-YL amino] quinoxaline (UK-14304): evidence for cognitive enhancement at an α2-adrenoceptor subtype
Arnsten A, Leslie FM. Behavioral and receptor binding analysis of the α2-adrenergic agonist, 5-bromo-6 [2-imidazoline-2-YL amino] quinoxaline (UK-14304): evidence for cognitive enhancement at an α2-adrenoceptor subtype. Neuropharmacology 1991, 30: 1279-1289. PMID: 1686301, DOI: 10.1016/0028-3908(91)90024-6.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1988
The alpha-2 adrenergic agonist guanfacine improves memory in aged monkeys without sedative or hypotensive side effects: evidence for alpha-2 receptor subtypes
Arnsten A, Cai J, Goldman-Rakic P. The alpha-2 adrenergic agonist guanfacine improves memory in aged monkeys without sedative or hypotensive side effects: evidence for alpha-2 receptor subtypes. Journal Of Neuroscience 1988, 8: 4287-4298. PMID: 2903226, PMCID: PMC6569464, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.08-11-04287.1988.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAlpha-2 receptor subtypesB-HT920Alpha-2 agonistsReceptor subtypesRank order potencyLow dosesDose-response profilesBlood pressureSide effectsHigh dosesAlpha-2 adrenergic agonistsOrder potencyHypotensive side effectsSedative side effectsSubtypes of receptorsAged nonhuman primatesAged rhesus monkeysMemory-enhancing effectsMemory-impairing effectsClonidine effectAgonist guanfacineClonidineAdrenergic agonistsGuanfacineSedation