Kim Germaine Emiel Smolderen, PhD, MSc
ProfessorCards
About
Research
Publications
2026
Patients’ pain experience in claudication: Biopsychosocial correlates of frequency, intensity, sleep interference, and chronic pain
Romain G, Alashi A, Tapia C, Sinusas A, Galiana G, Barry D, Vashist A, Lang E, Garland E, Mena-Hurtado C, Smolderen K. Patients’ pain experience in claudication: Biopsychosocial correlates of frequency, intensity, sleep interference, and chronic pain. Journal Of Pain 2026, 46: 106320. PMID: 42173296, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2026.106320.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchResting ankle-brachial indexAnkle-brachial indexPatients' pain experiencePeripheral arterial diseaseDepressive symptomsPeripheral arterial disease severityBiopsychosocial correlatesPsychological factorsPeripheral artery disease careChronic painIntegrated care strategiesHierarchical logistic regression modelsPeripheral Artery QuestionnaireRutherford stageLogistic regression modelsHemodynamic measurementsArtery diseaseStage of peripheral arterial diseaseCare strategiesPain correlationPsychological distressMental healthBiopsychosocial assessmentPerceived stressPain characteristicsAnxiety and peripheral artery disease
Golledge J, Smolderen K, Thanigaimani S. Anxiety and peripheral artery disease. Clinical Science 2026, 140: 993-1010. PMID: 42148516, PMCID: PMC13199177, DOI: 10.1042/cs20258419.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPeripheral arterial disease patientsPeripheral arterial diseaseAnxiety symptomsAssociated with poor health statusAssociated with worse health-related qualityHealth-related quality of lifeLack of social supportPeripheral arterial disease outcomesPoor health statusPoor walking abilityHealth-related qualityAssociation of anxiety symptomsHospital admission dataSevere leg painLong-term impactDiagnosis of anxiety disorderQuality of lifeImpact of anxiety symptomsExercise therapyImpact of anxietyRisk of deathWalking abilitySocial supportLeg painHealth status26-A-15342-ACC COGNITIVE OUTCOMES VARY BY SEX AND RACE AMONG PATIENTS WITH PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE: INSIGHTS FROM THE SPRINT MIND STUDY
Castro G, Rahman M, Wang S, Akman Z, Rossi R, AL. Mouslmani M, Nouri A, Babapour G, Hurtado C, Smolderen K, Nanna M. 26-A-15342-ACC COGNITIVE OUTCOMES VARY BY SEX AND RACE AMONG PATIENTS WITH PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE: INSIGHTS FROM THE SPRINT MIND STUDY. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2026, 87: a247-a248. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2026.02.611.Peer-Reviewed Original Research26-A-16978-ACC PREVALENCE OF OPIOID PRESCRIPTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE UNDERGOING REVASCULARIZATION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Rodriguez A, Tapia C, Odeh O, Grimshaw A, Callegari S, Rahman M, Romain G, Hurtado C, Smolderen K. 26-A-16978-ACC PREVALENCE OF OPIOID PRESCRIPTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE UNDERGOING REVASCULARIZATION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2026, 87: a1059. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2026.02.2599.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchEvolving dynamic needs for patient-reported outcomes assessment in individuals with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA): A systematic review
Smolderen K, Tapia C, Dennis B, Callegari S, Dahl M, Lindholt J, Van Herzeele I, Romain G, Mena-Hurtado C. Evolving dynamic needs for patient-reported outcomes assessment in individuals with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA): A systematic review. Vascular Medicine 2026, 31: 232-245. PMID: 41854119, PMCID: PMC13109597, DOI: 10.1177/1358863x261417234.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsPatient-reported outcomesMental health assessmentAbdominal aortic aneurysmHealth assessmentPatient-centered dimensionsPatient-centered carePatient-reported outcome assessmentsHealth status instrumentsPatient-centered experiencePatient-reported outcome evaluationPatient-reported outcome studyMeasures of social connectionEmotional Well-BeingBiopsychosocial profilePhysical symptomsOutcome assessmentSystematic reviewResponse burdenDisease burdenTreatment satisfactionAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAAClinical complexityAdaptive testingWell-beingSingle itemsRole of Depression and Anxiety in Peripheral Artery Disease: Correlates, Outcomes, and Considerations for Treatment
Callegari S, Mubarak E, Romain G, Golledge J, Mena-Hurtado C, Smolderen K. Role of Depression and Anxiety in Peripheral Artery Disease: Correlates, Outcomes, and Considerations for Treatment. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis And Vascular Biology 2026, 46: e322135. PMID: 41711026, PMCID: PMC13007888, DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.125.322135.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsPeripheral arterial diseaseArtery diseasePeripheral artery disease managementAssociated with high mortalityCardiovascular disease managementMetabolic risk factorsAnxiety assessmentAnxietyLong-term outcomesProgression of peripheral arterial diseaseDepressionExercise therapyHealth statusMajor amputationBehavioral mechanismsTreatment outcomesTeam-basedSurgical approachBiopsychosocial circumstancesTreatment planningDisease managementHigh riskRisk factorsVessel patencyWorse diseaseBiopsychosocial predictors of long-term major amputation following peripheral vascular intervention in chronic limb-threatening ischemia using a machine learning algorithm approach
Joodi G, Romain G, Cleman J, Rendon I, Tabet R, Scierka L, Rahman M, Vashist A, Mubarak E, Tapia C, Smolderen K, Mena-Hurtado C. Biopsychosocial predictors of long-term major amputation following peripheral vascular intervention in chronic limb-threatening ischemia using a machine learning algorithm approach. JVS-Vascular Insights 2026, 4: 100348. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsvi.2025.100348.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchChronic limb-threatening ischemiaAmputation riskPeripheral vascular interventionsBiopsychosocial factorsBiopsychosocial predictorsMajor amputationLimb-threatening ischemiaRisk factorsDelivery of individualized careHigh riskCardiovascular risk factorsBelow-the-kneeIndividualized careLimb outcomesClinical risk factorsFunctional statusVascular interventionsMultidisciplinary involvementBehavioral factorsAmputationQuality InitiativeFemale sexPre-procedural variablesPatient characteristicsOutcome data
2025
Advancing Management of Patients With Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: A Focused Review and Our Institution’s Approach to Postendovascular Intervention Care
Tabet R, Rendon I, Joodi G, Filho J, Romain G, Tapia C, Smolderen K, Mena-Hurtado C. Advancing Management of Patients With Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: A Focused Review and Our Institution’s Approach to Postendovascular Intervention Care. The American Journal Of Cardiology 2025, 261: 50-58. PMID: 41455511, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2025.11.022.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsPeripheral arterial diseaseLower extremity peripheral arterial diseaseHigh risk of amputationRisk of amputationCare of patientsChronic limb-threatening ischemiaHigh riskManagement of patientsPostintervention phaseInterventional careStandard careLimb-threatening ischemiaBest-practice approachAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseRisk of cardiovascular eventsArtery diseaseLimb lossComprehensive road mapCareCardiovascular diseasePhysiciansInterventionAdvanced managementCardiovascular eventsClinical presentations rangeImaging practices following peripheral vascular intervention in chronic limb-threatening ischemia and association with amputation outcomes
Smolderen K, Rahman M, Romain G, Scierka L, Cleman J, Knight D, Vashist A, Mena-Hurtado C. Imaging practices following peripheral vascular intervention in chronic limb-threatening ischemia and association with amputation outcomes. Vascular Medicine 2025, 31: 35-46. PMID: 41395888, DOI: 10.1177/1358863x251379799.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchChronic limb-threatening ischemiaMedian odds ratioIntraclass correlation coefficientPeripheral vascular interventionsAmputation outcomesLimb-threatening ischemiaAmputation rateResults:Access to careImaging practicesHigher amputation rateImaging testsMajor amputationHigher RatesOdds ratioMethods:Significant site variablesVascular interventionsAmputationSymptom statusFollow-up imaging protocolsVascular Quality Initiative dataPropensity-matched cohortInterventionCorrelation coefficientBehavioral and Mental Health Considerations for Patients Experiencing Vasculogenic Claudication
Callegari S, Mena-Hurtado C, Smolderen K. Behavioral and Mental Health Considerations for Patients Experiencing Vasculogenic Claudication. 2025, 145-162. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-02460-2_11.ChaptersPeripheral arterial diseaseMental health considerationsPatient experienceImpact of peripheral arterial diseaseHealth considerationsMental health problemsHolistic careHealth problemsPsychological factorsPsychological functioningClaudicationTreatment successStage of diseaseMultidimensional approachArtery diseaseOutcomesPatientsCareVasculogenic claudicationInterventionRisk assessment
Clinical Trials
Current Trials
CRUSH PAD: Real-world Outcomes Following Use of the Shockwave Intravascular Lithotripsy (IVL) Technology in Calcified Common Femoral Lesions
IRB ID2000031113RolePrincipal InvestigatorPrimary Completion Date12/31/2023Recruiting ParticipantsGenderBothAge18+ yearsSCOPE-CLI: Shifting Care and Outcomes for Patients with Endangered limbs Critical Limb Ischemia
IRB ID2000028963RolePrincipal InvestigatorPrimary Completion Date09/30/2024Recruiting ParticipantsGenderBothAge19+ years
Academic Achievements & Community Involvement
Clinical Care
Overview
Kim Smolderen, PhD, is a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in the intersection of mental health and cardiovascular diseases. She focuses on how psychological factors such as depression influence outcomes in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). She emphasizes the importance of mental health and patient-centered care.
A professor in Yale School of Medicine’s departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, Smolderen co-directs the Vascular Medicine Outcomes Program, and is a co-founder of the Integrated Cardiovascular Behavioral Health Program at Yale New Haven Health. Her research delves into understanding patient experiences in chronic and acute vascular conditions, exploring pain phenotypes, and the impact of behavioral factors on patient outcomes. She has led numerous international studies, contributing significantly to advancements in patient care models for those with complex vascular conditions.\
Smolderen received her doctoral degree in health and medical psychology at Tilburg University in the Netherlands. She furthered her expertise with a postdoctoral fellowship in cardiovascular outcomes at the Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute. A fellow of the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association, she has been instrumental in national efforts to integrate mental health with cardiovascular treatment strategies.
Clinical Specialties
News & Links
News
- June 12, 2026Source: Toronto Sun (with Kim Smolderen, MD)
Can marriage improve your health? Here are the benefits that experts see.
- June 03, 2026Source: The Seattle Times (with Kim Smolderen, PhD)
3 health benefits of marriage - and an important catch
- June 02, 2026Source: The Washington Post (with Kim Smolderen, PhD)
3 health benefits of marriage - and an important catch
- March 16, 2026Source: Medscape
Novel Integrative Centers Address Cardiovascular-Mental Health Interface
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789 Howard Avenue
New Haven, CT 06519
United States
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