2024
Outpatient management of prolonged seizures and seizure clusters to prevent progression to a higher‐level emergency: Consensus recommendations of an expert working group
Pina‐Garza J, Chez M, Cloyd J, Hirsch L, Kälviäinen R, Klein P, Lagae L, Sankar R, Specchio N, Strzelczyk A, Toledo M, Trinka E. Outpatient management of prolonged seizures and seizure clusters to prevent progression to a higher‐level emergency: Consensus recommendations of an expert working group. Epileptic Disorders 2024, 26: 484-497. PMID: 38813941, DOI: 10.1002/epd2.20243.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsExpert working groupDefinition of PSSeizure action planWorking GroupEvidence-based guidanceProlonged seizuresSeizure clustersManaging PSStatus epilepticusExpert recommendationsTreatment goalsConsensus recommendationsOutpatient managementConsensus definitionAction planMedicationManagement of acute seizuresRecommendationsIdeal medicationAcute seizuresPrevent progressionSevere seizuresSeizure activityGroup membersSeizure termination
2022
Updated review of rescue treatments for seizure clusters and prolonged seizures
Blond BN, Hirsch LJ. Updated review of rescue treatments for seizure clusters and prolonged seizures. Expert Review Of Neurotherapeutics 2022, 22: 567-577. PMID: 35862983, DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2022.2105207.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRescue medicationProlonged seizuresSeizure clustersTreatment of epilepsyQuality of lifeOngoing seizuresFurther seizuresRefractory seizuresRecurrent seizuresRescue treatmentSeizure activitySeizure episodesIntranasal formulationRisk factorsClinical careEffective treatmentMedicationsSeizuresEpilepsyMorbidityClinical opportunitiesAdverse effectsTreatmentReviewEpidemiology
2005
Treatment of convulsive and nonconvulsive status epilepticus
Pang T, Hirsch LJ. Treatment of convulsive and nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Current Treatment Options In Neurology 2005, 7: 247-259. PMID: 15967088, DOI: 10.1007/s11940-005-0035-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchContinuous intravenous midazolamOpinion statementStatus epilepticusNonconvulsive status epilepticusDrug of choiceRectal benzodiazepinesBuccal midazolamIntravenous midazolamProlonged seizuresRisk patientsIntravenous accessPrehospital treatmentStatus epilepticusHospital protocolInitial treatmentRandomized trialsRectal diazepamMental statusPoor responseWorse outcomesFull dosesBest treatmentEpilepticusTreatmentPatientsMidazolam