Back pain in athletes.
Lawrence JP, Greene HS, Grauer JN. Back pain in athletes. Journal Of The American Academy Of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2006, 14: 726-35. PMID: 17148620, DOI: 10.5435/00124635-200612000-00004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBack painSelf-limiting symptomsChronic back painTreatment of athletesDegenerative disc diseaseHigh incidence rateSpecific spinal pathologyRecurrent symptomsSymptomatic improvementTreatment algorithmIdentifiable pathologyPhysical examinationThorough historyRisk factorsDisc diseaseImpact sportsIncidence rateLumbar injuriesClinical challengeLong-term consequencesLumbar spineAthletic activitySpinal pathologyRecreational athletesPertinent imagingSubaxial cervical spine trauma.
Kwon BK, Vaccaro AR, Grauer JN, Fisher CG, Dvorak MF. Subaxial cervical spine trauma. Journal Of The American Academy Of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2006, 14: 78-89. PMID: 16467183, DOI: 10.5435/00124635-200602000-00003.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsSubaxial cervical spine injuriesCervical spine injurySpinal cord injurySpine injuriesCord injuryAcute spinal cord injurySevere spinal cord injuryCertain injury patternsAdministration of methylprednisoloneSpinous process fractureSubaxial cervical injuriesAccurate clinical historyCareful physical examinationNeurologic statusDefinitive managementNonsurgical managementPatient factorsCervical injuryClosed reductionNeurologic impairmentProcess fracturesEmergent managementInjury patternsPhysical examinationRadiographic evaluation