Featured Publications
Seasonality of endemic COVID-19
Townsend J, Hassler H, Lamb A, Sah P, Nishio A, Nguyen C, Tew A, Galvani A, Dornburg A. Seasonality of endemic COVID-19. MBio 2023, 14: e01426-23. PMID: 37937979, PMCID: PMC10746271, DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01426-23.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPublic health interventionsSARS-CoV-2Health interventionsSARS-CoV-2 infectionCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2 circulationEffective public health policiesLocal public health effortsEndemic COVID-19Public health effortsPublic healthPublic health policyLong-term dataCOVID-19 transmissionHealth effortsMedical preparednessVaccination driveHealth policyVaried interventionsEndemic diseaseSeasonal surgesInterventionInfectionEffective healthcareEndemic pathogensInfection by SARS‐CoV‐2 with alternate frequencies of mRNA vaccine boosting
Townsend J, Hassler H, Dornburg A. Infection by SARS‐CoV‐2 with alternate frequencies of mRNA vaccine boosting. Journal Of Medical Virology 2023, 95: e28461. PMID: 36602045, DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28461.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSARS-CoV-2Anti-spike IgG antibodiesWaning of antibodiesVaccine boostingBooster vaccinationBreakthrough infectionsAntibody levelsIgG antibodiesMRNA vaccinesProbability of infectionInfectionEndemic transmissionIndividual infectionsPredominant variantCOVID-19 pandemicMessenger RNAAntibodiesDisease spreadBNT162b2HospitalizationMorbidityVaccinationWidespread uptakeVaccineMortality
2024
Optimal Annual COVID-19 Vaccine Boosting Dates Following Previous Booster Vaccination or Breakthrough Infection
Townsend J, Hassler H, Dornburg A. Optimal Annual COVID-19 Vaccine Boosting Dates Following Previous Booster Vaccination or Breakthrough Infection. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2024, ciae559. PMID: 39589144, DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciae559.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchBooster vaccinationBooster administrationMortality associated with infectionHealthcare provider recommendationPrevention of infectionCases of infectionBreakthrough infectionCOVID-19 booster vaccinationTiming of booster vaccinationsProvider recommendationImmune statusBarriers to uptakePrevent infectionInfectionVaccination dateVaccineInfection rateBooster vaccination campaignsOptimal timingOptimal date
2019
Implementation of Syringe Services Programs to Prevent Rapid Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission in Rural Counties in the United States: A Modeling Study
Goedel WC, King MRF, Lurie MN, Galea S, Townsend JP, Galvani AP, Friedman SR, Marshall BDL. Implementation of Syringe Services Programs to Prevent Rapid Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission in Rural Counties in the United States: A Modeling Study. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2019, 70: 1096-1102. PMID: 31143944, PMCID: PMC7319062, DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz321.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSyringe services programHuman immunodeficiency virusHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmissionMore HIV infectionsInjection drug useHarm reduction servicesRural countiesScott CountyHIV infectionHIV transmissionImmunodeficiency virusDecrease incidenceHIV outbreakIncidence rateFirst infectionEarly infectionDrug useSingle infectionInfectionIncidenceVirus transmissionPWIDService programsDrugsTimely implementation
2018
Potential effectiveness of long-acting injectable pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men: a modelling study
Marshall BDL, Goedel WC, King MRF, Singleton A, Durham DP, Chan PA, Townsend JP, Galvani AP. Potential effectiveness of long-acting injectable pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men: a modelling study. The Lancet HIV 2018, 5: e498-e505. PMID: 29908917, PMCID: PMC6138558, DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(18)30097-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNew HIV infectionsInjectable PrEPPre-exposure prophylaxisOral PrEPHIV infectionHIV transmissionInjectable pre-exposure prophylaxisOral pre-exposure prophylaxisAbsence of PrEPDaily oral PrEPTime-varying efficacyPhase 3 trialRetention of patientsNational InstituteDiscontinuation ratesSafety trialMacaque modelHIV preventionCumulative numberClinical carePharmacokinetic dataCoverage levelsPotential effectivenessPopulation-level impactInfection
2016
Retrospective Analysis of the 2014-2015 Ebola Epidemic in Liberia.
Atkins KE, Pandey A, Wenzel NS, Skrip L, Yamin D, Nyenswah TG, Fallah M, Bawo L, Medlock J, Altice FL, Townsend J, Ndeffo-Mbah ML, Galvani AP. Retrospective Analysis of the 2014-2015 Ebola Epidemic in Liberia. American Journal Of Tropical Medicine And Hygiene 2016, 94: 833-9. PMID: 26928839, PMCID: PMC4824226, DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0328.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCommunity transmissionEbola epidemicHospital transmissionAsymptomatic infectionImmune individualsRetrospective analysisEpidemiological dataUnreported casesDisease controlEbola dynamicsHospital capacityEpidemic patternsEbola incidenceFuture outbreaksPresence of interventionsEpidemicLiberian countiesTransmission reductionInfectionDiseaseIncidence
2015
Quantitative analyses and modelling to support achievement of the 2020 goals for nine neglected tropical diseases
Hollingsworth TD, Adams ER, Anderson RM, Atkins K, Bartsch S, Basáñez MG, Behrend M, Blok DJ, Chapman LA, Coffeng L, Courtenay O, Crump RE, de Vlas SJ, Dobson A, Dyson L, Farkas H, Galvani AP, Gambhir M, Gurarie D, Irvine MA, Jervis S, Keeling MJ, Kelly-Hope L, King C, Lee BY, Le Rutte EA, Lietman TM, Ndeffo-Mbah M, Medley GF, Michael E, Pandey A, Peterson JK, Pinsent A, Porco TC, Richardus JH, Reimer L, Rock KS, Singh BK, Stolk W, Swaminathan S, Torr SJ, Townsend J, Truscott J, Walker M, Zoueva A, NTD Modelling Consortium. Quantitative analyses and modelling to support achievement of the 2020 goals for nine neglected tropical diseases. Parasites & Vectors 2015, 8: 630. PMID: 26652272, PMCID: PMC4674954, DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1235-1.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsTropical diseasesTrue eliminationPublic health problemSoil-transmitted helminthsPersistence of diseaseSuccess of interventionsHigh riskVisceral leishmaniasisDynamics of transmissionHuman African trypanosomiasisHealth problemsEpidemiological settingsDiseaseLymphatic filariasisChagas diseaseControl initiativesAfrican trypanosomiasisInfectionInterventionUrgent needDetailed adviceSchistosomiasisTrachomaLeishmaniasisElimination
2013
Cost-effectiveness of a community-based intervention for reducing the transmission of Schistosoma haematobium and HIV in Africa
Mbah M, Kjetland EF, Atkins KE, Poolman EM, Orenstein EW, Meyers LA, Townsend JP, Galvani AP. Cost-effectiveness of a community-based intervention for reducing the transmission of Schistosoma haematobium and HIV in Africa. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2013, 110: 7952-7957. PMID: 23589884, PMCID: PMC3651507, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1221396110.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCommunity-based interventionsHIV infectionHIV transmissionSchistosoma haematobiumFemale genital schistosomiasisAdministration of praziquantelSaharan AfricaRural ZimbabweS. haematobium transmissionGenital schistosomiasisGenital infectionHealth payersSchool-aged childrenIntervention periodEpidemiological dataEpidemiological studiesS. haematobiumSchistosomiasis prevalenceHealth educationInfectionSchistosomiasisYoung womenHaematobiumInterventionHIV
2012
Controlling Antimicrobial Resistance through Targeted, Vaccine-Induced Replacement of Strains
Tekle YI, Nielsen KM, Liu J, Pettigrew MM, Meyers LA, Galvani AP, Townsend JP. Controlling Antimicrobial Resistance through Targeted, Vaccine-Induced Replacement of Strains. PLOS ONE 2012, 7: e50688. PMID: 23227198, PMCID: PMC3515573, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050688.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFirst clinical interventionImportant public health toolPan-resistant strainsInsufficient immune responsePublic health toolMulti-resistant strainsStaphylococcus aureus genotypesVaccine efficacyNosocomial outbreaksDrug treatmentImmune responseResistant serotypesFrequent reasonHypothetical vaccineVaccine developmentStrain replacementVaccineInfectious diseasesAureus genotypesClinical interventionsInfectionHealth toolsAntimicrobial resistanceIntervention strategiesSerotypesReevaluation of Epidemiological Data Demonstrates That It Is Consistent With Cross-Immunity Among Human Papillomavirus Types
Durham DP, Poolman EM, Ibuka Y, Townsend JP, Galvani AP. Reevaluation of Epidemiological Data Demonstrates That It Is Consistent With Cross-Immunity Among Human Papillomavirus Types. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2012, 206: 1291-1298. PMID: 22872732, PMCID: PMC3448971, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis494.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman papillomavirus typesEpidemiological dataHPV typesOdds ratioPapillomavirus typesType replacementSpecific HPV typesHPV types 16Future vaccine studiesHPV vaccinationHPV infectionVaccine studiesEpidemiological observationsType 16Single infectionType 18Multiple infectionsType 6Cross immunityVaccinationInfectionPrevalenceEpidemiological modelEpidemiological dynamicsHPV