Small extracellular vesicles released by infused mesenchymal stromal cells target M2 macrophages and promote TGF‐β upregulation, microvascular stabilization and functional recovery in a rodent model of severe spinal cord injury
Nakazaki M, Morita T, Lankford KL, Askenase PW, Kocsis JD. Small extracellular vesicles released by infused mesenchymal stromal cells target M2 macrophages and promote TGF‐β upregulation, microvascular stabilization and functional recovery in a rodent model of severe spinal cord injury. Journal Of Extracellular Vesicles 2021, 10: e12137. PMID: 34478241, PMCID: PMC8408371, DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12137.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMarrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cellsSpinal cord injuryBlood-spinal cord barrierSmall extracellular vesiclesFunctional recoveryM2 macrophagesCord injuryInjury siteTherapeutic effectStromal cellsSevere spinal cord injurySingle MSC injectionImproved functional recoveryBone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cellsM2 macrophage markersSimilar therapeutic effectsRelease of sEVsMesenchymal stem/stromal cellsExtracellular vesiclesTight junction proteinsStem/stromal cellsMesenchymal stromal cellsTGF-β receptorMSC infusionSCI ratsAntibodies Enhance the Suppressive Activity of Extracellular Vesicles in Mouse Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity
Nazimek K, Bustos-Morán E, Blas-Rus N, Nowak B, Totoń-Żurańska J, Seweryn MT, Wołkow P, Woźnicka O, Szatanek R, Siedlar M, Askenase PW, Sánchez-Madrid F, Bryniarski K. Antibodies Enhance the Suppressive Activity of Extracellular Vesicles in Mouse Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity. Pharmaceuticals 2021, 14: 734. PMID: 34451831, PMCID: PMC8398949, DOI: 10.3390/ph14080734.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDelayed-type hypersensitivityMice delayed-type hypersensitivityAntigen-specific antibodiesEffector T cellsT cellsSuppressive activityExtracellular vesiclesAntigen-presenting macrophagesMHC class IIGreat therapeutic potentialMouse modelSuppressive actionCurrent studyMiRNA-150Therapeutic potentialClass IIFlow cytometryExact mechanismAntibodiesParental cellsTherapeutic usageHypersensitivityMacrophagesIntercellular communicationSpecific bindingExosomes provide unappreciated carrier effects that assist transfers of their miRNAs to targeted cells; I. They are ‘The Elephant in the Room’
Askenase PW. Exosomes provide unappreciated carrier effects that assist transfers of their miRNAs to targeted cells; I. They are ‘The Elephant in the Room’. RNA Biology 2021, 18: 2038-2053. PMID: 33944671, PMCID: PMC8582996, DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1885189.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsExtracellular vesiclesAcceptor cellsOuter membrane vesiclesMiRNA transferMolecular chemical changesNano-extracellular vesiclesCargo moleculesExosome transferMembrane vesiclesMiRNAsGenetic expressionDNA expressionExosomesVesiclesCell functionIntracellular effectsFunctional effectsFunctional alterationsMolecular transferCellsPhysiologic processesLight chainExpressionMitochondriaBiology