2022
Residual stroke risk despite oral anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation
Carlisle M, Shrader P, Fudim M, Pieper K, Blanco R, Fonarow G, Naccarelli G, Gersh B, Reiffel J, Kowey P, Steinberg B, Freeman J, Ezekowitz M, Singer D, Allen L, Chan P, Pokorney S, Peterson E, Piccini J, Patients and Investigators O. Residual stroke risk despite oral anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm O2 2022, 3: 621-628. PMID: 36589908, PMCID: PMC9795305, DOI: 10.1016/j.hroo.2022.09.018.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTransient ischemic attackPermanent atrial fibrillationOral anticoagulationAtrial fibrillationVASc scoreIschemic attackThromboembolic eventsFemale sexPrevious stroke/transient ischemic attackStroke/transient ischemic attackTransient ischemic attack eventsCox proportional hazard modelingResidual riskResidual stroke riskBetter Informed TreatmentRisk of thromboembolismProportional hazard modelingSystemic embolismPrevious strokeStroke riskOutcomes RegistryMean ageRisk markersOutcome eventsThromboembolism
2021
Dosing of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients with Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease in US Clinical Practice: Results from the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of AF (ORBIT-AF II)
Jackson LR, Schrader P, Thomas L, Steinberg BA, Blanco R, Allen LA, Fonarow GC, Freeman JV, Gersh BJ, Kowey PR, Mahaffey KW, Naccarelli G, Reiffel J, Singer DE, Peterson ED, Piccini JP. Dosing of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients with Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease in US Clinical Practice: Results from the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of AF (ORBIT-AF II). American Journal Of Cardiovascular Drugs 2021, 21: 553-561. PMID: 33786798, DOI: 10.1007/s40256-021-00473-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsModerate chronic kidney diseaseChronic kidney diseaseAtrial fibrillationRoutine clinical practiceClinical practiceInappropriate dosingOral anticoagulantsKidney diseaseConclusionIn routine clinical practiceMedian CHA2DS2VASc scoreComorbid medical conditionsDirect oral anticoagulantsUS clinical practiceBetter Informed TreatmentCockcroft-Gault formulaOne-thirdML/minCrCl 30CHA2DS2VASc scoreCreatinine clearanceRenal functionMedian ageDosage adjustmentOutcomes RegistryPrescribed doses
2020
Effect of Temporary Interruption of Warfarin Due to an Intervention on Downstream Time in Therapeutic Range in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation (from ORBIT AF)
Madhavan M, Holmes DN, Piccini JP, Freeman JV, Fonarow GC, Hylek EM, Kowey PR, Mahaffey KW, Pieper K, Peterson ED, Chan PS, Allen LA, Singer DE, Naccarelli GV, Reiffel JA, Steinberg BA, Gersh BJ, Investigators O. Effect of Temporary Interruption of Warfarin Due to an Intervention on Downstream Time in Therapeutic Range in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation (from ORBIT AF). The American Journal Of Cardiology 2020, 132: 66-71. PMID: 32826041, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.07.006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInternational normalized ratioFirst therapeutic international normalized ratioTherapeutic international normalized ratioTherapeutic rangeAtrial fibrillationMajor bleedingTemporary interruptionAF patientsSubtherapeutic international normalized ratioBetter Informed TreatmentLow therapeutic rangeProportional hazards modelOutcomes RegistryNormalized ratioHigh incidenceLower riskHazards modelPatientsInformed TreatmentWarfarinSubsequent outcomesMonthsAnticoagulationRank testWeeksPatterns of oral anticoagulation use with cardioversion in clinical practice
Geurink K, Holmes D, Ezekowitz MD, Pieper K, Fonarow G, Kowey PR, Reiffel JA, Singer DE, Freeman J, Gersh BJ, Mahaffey KW, Hylek EM, Naccarelli G, Piccini JP, Peterson ED, Pokorney SD. Patterns of oral anticoagulation use with cardioversion in clinical practice. Heart 2020, 107: 642-649. PMID: 32591363, DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2019-316315.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsStroke/transient ischemic attackVitamin K antagonistsNovel oral anticoagulantsTransient ischemic attackTransoesophageal echocardiogramAtrial fibrillationClinical practiceAtrial Fibrillation IIOral anticoagulation useTime of cardioversionBetter Informed TreatmentMonths of enrollmentIncidence of deathLow-risk procedureSimilar ratesAnticoagulation useIschemic attackMajor bleedingK antagonistsOral anticoagulantsClinical outcomesOutcomes RegistryCardiovascular hospitalisationAF diagnosisInclusion criteriaOutcomes of Cardiac Catheterization in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation on Anticoagulation in Contemporary in Practice
Sherwood MW, Piccini JP, Holmes DN, Pieper KS, Steinberg BA, Fonarow GC, Allen LA, Naccarelli GV, Kowey PR, Gersh BJ, Mahaffey KW, Singer DE, Ansell JE, Freeman JV, Chan PS, Reiffel JA, Blanco R, Peterson ED, Rao SV. Outcomes of Cardiac Catheterization in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation on Anticoagulation in Contemporary in Practice. Circulation Cardiovascular Interventions 2020, 13: e008274. PMID: 32408815, DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.119.008274.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdministration, OralAgedAnticoagulantsAtrial FibrillationCardiac CatheterizationDrug Administration ScheduleFactor Xa InhibitorsFemaleHemorrhageHumansMaleMiddle AgedPercutaneous Coronary InterventionPlatelet Aggregation InhibitorsRegistriesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsStrokeTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeUnited StatesWarfarinConceptsDirect-Acting Oral AnticoagulantsActing Oral AnticoagulantsOral anticoagulationCardiac catheterizationRadial artery accessAtrial fibrillationMajor bleedingOral anticoagulantsMedian ageArtery accessAtrial Fibrillation II registryPatients' median ageReal-world registryChronic kidney diseaseThird of patientsBetter Informed TreatmentManagement of patientsOAC typeAntiplatelet therapyDiabetes mellitusFemoral accessContemporary cohortOutcomes RegistryKidney diseaseMyocardial infarctionShared decision-making in atrial fibrillation: patient-reported involvement in treatment decisions
Ali-Ahmed F, Pieper K, North R, Allen LA, Chan PS, Ezekowitz MD, Fonarow GC, Freeman JV, Go AS, Gersh BJ, Kowey PR, Mahaffey KW, Naccarelli GV, Pokorney SD, Reiffel JA, Singer DE, Steinberg BA, Peterson ED, Piccini JP, O’Brien E. Shared decision-making in atrial fibrillation: patient-reported involvement in treatment decisions. European Heart Journal - Quality Of Care And Clinical Outcomes 2020, 6: 263-272. PMID: 32392287, PMCID: PMC7778449, DOI: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcaa040.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAtrial fibrillationTreatment decisionsHealthcare providersNew-onset atrial fibrillationHalf of patientsAvailable therapeutic optionsBetter Informed TreatmentHCP recommendationOutcomes RegistryRhythm controlTherapeutic optionsPatient understandingHigher oddsPatientsInformed TreatmentUS sitesFibrillationFuture interventionsPotential targetHigher likelihoodSelf-reported understandingTreatmentSDMSubstudyOptionsFactors Associated With Large Improvements in Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Steinberg BA, Holmes DN, Pieper K, Allen LA, Chan PS, Ezekowitz MD, Freeman JV, Fonarow GC, Gersh BJ, Hylek EM, Kowey PR, Mahaffey KW, Naccarelli G, Reiffel J, Singer DE, Peterson ED, Piccini JP, Mendelson R, Nahhas A, Neutel J, Padanilam B, Pan D, Poock J, Raffetto J, Greengold R, Roan P, Saba F, Sackett M, Schneider R, Seymour Z, Shanes J, Shoemaker J, Simms V, Smiley N, Smith D, Snipes C, Sotolongo R, Staniloae C, Stoltz S, Suresh D, Tak T, Tannenbaum A, Turk S, Vora K, Randhawa P, Zebrack J, Silva E, Riley E, Weinstein D, Vasiliauskas T, Goldbarg S, Hayward D, Yarlagadda C, Laurion D, Osunkoya A, Burns R, Castor T, Spiller D, Luttman C, Anton S, McGarvey J, Guthrie R, Deriso G, Flood R, Fleischer L, Fierstein J, Aggarwal R, Jacobs G, Adjei N, Akyea-Djamson A, Alfieri A, Bacon J, Bedwell N, Berger P, Berry J, Bhagwat R, Bloom S, Boccalandro F, Capo J, Kapadia S, Casanova R, Morriss III J, Christensen T, Elsen J, Farsad R, Fox D, Frandsen B, Gelernt M, Gill S, Grubb S, Hall C, Harris H, Hotchkiss D, Ip J, Jaffrani N, Jones A, Kazmierski J, Waxman F, Kneller G, Labroo A, Jaffe B, Lebenthal M, Lee D, Lillestol M, LeClerc K, Maccaro P, Mayer N, Kozlowski J, Benjamin S, Detweiler R, Igic P, Jackson T, Pappas J, Littlefield R, Frey A, Vranian R, Long W, Grena P, Arouni A, Quinn J, Browne K, Forman S, Ebinger M, Blonder R, Snyder H, Slabic S, Williams D, Stein R, Kirkland S, Cohen K, Walthall W, Davis K, Snoddy B, Alvarado O, Leach C, Rothman S, Sharma A, Olatidoye A, AlMahameed S, Rosenthal S, Sutter G, Reiter W, Thompson T, Thew S, Kobayashi J, Williams M, Kramer J, Latif S, Rhee B, Adler A, Ruiz-Serrano D, Stringam S, Wolok K, Focil A, Butman S, Ingersoll H, Borge R, Al-Saghir Y, Coats P, Farris N, Shore K, Schwartz M, Gornick C, Eilat P, Quinlan E, Paliwal Y, Mitra R, Jingo A, Aslam A, Watson R, Voyce S, Turakhia M, Goytia-Leos D, Lurie M, Mallis G, Atwater B, Strobel J, Murray J, Fisher D, Atieh M, Landes R, Drabick A, Harman E, Ashcraft B, Krista M, Videlefsky A, Rivera Zayas E, Tan A. Factors Associated With Large Improvements in Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. Circulation Arrhythmia And Electrophysiology 2020, 13: e007775. PMID: 32298144, PMCID: PMC7247417, DOI: 10.1161/circep.119.007775.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAntiarrhythmic drug useHRQoL improvementAtrial fibrillationPrior stroke/transient ischemic attackStroke/transient ischemic attackDrug useBaseline diastolic blood pressureChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAtrial Fibrillation EffectAF risk factorsTransient ischemic attackPeripheral arterial diseaseBetter Informed TreatmentDiastolic blood pressureHealth-related qualityObstructive pulmonary diseasePatient-reported outcomesQuality of lifeIschemic attackHigh-value careBlood pressurePulmonary diseaseArterial diseaseMultivariable analysisOutcomes RegistryDecline in renal function and oral anticoagulation dose reduction among patients with atrial fibrillation
Inohara T, Holmes DN, Pieper K, Blanco RG, Allen LA, Fonarow GC, Gersh BJ, Hylek EM, Ezekowitz MD, Kowey PR, Reiffel JA, Naccarelli GV, Chan PS, Mahaffey KW, Singer DE, Freeman JV, Steinberg BA, Peterson ED, Piccini JP. Decline in renal function and oral anticoagulation dose reduction among patients with atrial fibrillation. Heart 2020, 106: heartjnl-2019-315792. PMID: 31911503, DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2019-315792.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAtrial fibrillationRenal functionOral anticoagulationDose reductionAtrial Fibrillation II registryBetter Informed TreatmentML/minCrCl declineOral anticoagulantsCreatinine clearanceOutcomes RegistryGuideline criteriaPatientsPackage insertsUS FoodDrug AdministrationMean declineInformed TreatmentNOACsAnticoagulationFibrillationRegistryDosingCrClOne-fourth
2019
Guideline-directed therapies for comorbidities and clinical outcomes among individuals with atrial fibrillation
Loring Z, Shrader P, Allen LA, Blanco R, Chan PS, Ezekowitz MD, Fonarow GC, Freeman JV, Gersh BJ, Mahaffey KW, Naccarelli GV, Pieper K, Reiffel JA, Singer DE, Steinberg BA, Thomas LE, Peterson ED, Piccini JP. Guideline-directed therapies for comorbidities and clinical outcomes among individuals with atrial fibrillation. American Heart Journal 2019, 219: 21-30. PMID: 31710841, PMCID: PMC7285625, DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2019.10.008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAtrial FibrillationCardiovascular DiseasesCause of DeathComorbidityCoronary Artery DiseaseDiabetes MellitusDisease ProgressionEmbolismFemaleGuideline AdherenceHeart FailureHumansHyperlipidemiasHypertensionIntracranial EmbolismMalePeripheral Nervous System DiseasesPeripheral Vascular DiseasesRegistriesSleep Apnea, ObstructiveTreatment OutcomeConceptsGuideline-directed therapyAtrial fibrillationCause mortalityHeart failureAF progressionLower riskNew-onset heart failureObstructive sleep apnea patientsCox proportional hazards modelBetter Informed TreatmentObstructive sleep apneaSleep apnea patientsProportional hazards modelAF patientsDiabetes mellitusNeurovascular eventsClinical outcomesOutcomes RegistrySleep apneaApnea patientsComorbiditiesHazards modelNonsignificant trendPatientsLower mortalityAssociation Between Warfarin Control Metrics and Atrial Fibrillation Outcomes in the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation
Pokorney SD, Holmes DN, Thomas L, Fonarow GC, Kowey PR, Reiffel JA, Singer DE, Freeman JV, Gersh BJ, Mahaffey KW, Hylek EM, Naccarelli GV, Ezekowitz MD, Piccini JP, Peterson ED. Association Between Warfarin Control Metrics and Atrial Fibrillation Outcomes in the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation. JAMA Cardiology 2019, 4: 756-764. PMID: 31268487, PMCID: PMC6613340, DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2019.1960.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInternational normalized ratioBetter Informed TreatmentAtrial fibrillationTherapeutic rangeWarfarin controlThrombotic eventsINR valuesStroke riskClinical factorsOutcomes RegistrySubsequent bleedingInformed TreatmentMaximum international normalized ratioRecent international normalized ratioINR measuresNet reclassification improvement indexAtrial fibrillation outcomesAtrial Fibrillation RegistrySubsequent stroke riskMulticenter cohort studyClinical risk modelTraditional clinical factorsLogistic regression modelsINR controlMajor bleeds
2018
Association of Race/Ethnicity With Oral Anticoagulant Use in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Findings From the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation II.
Essien UR, Holmes DN, Jackson LR, Fonarow GC, Mahaffey KW, Reiffel JA, Steinberg BA, Allen LA, Chan PS, Freeman JV, Blanco RG, Pieper KS, Piccini JP, Peterson ED, Singer DE. Association of Race/Ethnicity With Oral Anticoagulant Use in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Findings From the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation II. JAMA Cardiology 2018, 3: 1174-1182. PMID: 30484833, PMCID: PMC6583087, DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2018.3945.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDirect-acting oral anticoagulantsAtrial Fibrillation IIOral anticoagulant useOral anticoagulantsBetter Informed TreatmentAtrial fibrillationAnticoagulant useRace/ethnicityWhite individualsOutcomes RegistryHispanic individualsBlack individualsInformed TreatmentOne-year persistenceOral anticoagulant discontinuationQuality of anticoagulationEthnic differencesSelf-reported race/ethnicitySocioeconomic factorsQuality of careHispanic groupsAnticoagulant discontinuationDOAC useInappropriate dosingCohort studyB-type natriuretic peptide, disease progression and clinical outcomes in atrial fibrillation
Inohara T, Kim S, Pieper K, Blanco RG, Allen LA, Fonarow GC, Gersh BJ, Ezekowitz MD, Kowey PR, Reiffel JA, Naccarelli GV, Chan PS, Mahaffey KW, Singer DE, Freeman JV, Steinberg BA, Peterson ED, Piccini JP. B-type natriuretic peptide, disease progression and clinical outcomes in atrial fibrillation. Heart 2018, 105: 370. PMID: 30228248, DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2018-313642.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsB-type natriuretic peptideAtrial fibrillationAF progressionBNP levelsMajor bleedingBNP valuesNatriuretic peptideDisease progressionAtrial Fibrillation II registryBiomarker-based risk stratificationElevated BNP valuesBetter Informed TreatmentPersistent atrial fibrillationCox frailty modelCardiovascular outcomesComposite outcomeBNP concentrationsNeurological eventsClinical outcomesOutcomes RegistryRisk stratificationPatient outcomesInformed TreatmentPatientsBleeding
2017
Disease understanding in patients newly diagnosed with atrial fibrillation
Kaufman BG, Kim S, Pieper K, Allen LA, Gersh BJ, Naccarelli GV, Ezekowitz MD, Fonarow GC, Mahaffey KW, Singer DE, Chan PS, Freeman JV, Ansell J, Kowey PR, Rieffel JA, Piccini J, Peterson E, O'Brien EC. Disease understanding in patients newly diagnosed with atrial fibrillation. Heart 2017, 104: 494. PMID: 28790169, PMCID: PMC5861387, DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2017-311800.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNew-onset atrial fibrillationDirect oral anticoagulantsAtrial fibrillationOral anticoagulantsDisease understandingAtrial Fibrillation II registryNational Outcomes RegistryOngoing patient educationSubstudy of patientsHalf of patientsTreatment-naïve patientsAtrial appendage closureBetter Informed TreatmentTime of diagnosisBaseline survey responsesAppendage closureClinic visitsOutcomes RegistryRhythm controlTherapeutic optionsTreatment receiptMedical historyPatient educationPatient understandingRhythm therapyNUISANCE BLEEDING IN ANTICOAGULATED PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: INSIGHTS FROM THE OUTCOMES REGISTRY FOR BETTER INFORMED TREATMENT OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION (ORBIT-AF)
O'Brien E, Simon D, Thomas L, Singer D, Kowey P, Naccarelli G, Fonarow G, Reiffel J, Ansell J, Go A, Chan P, Ezekowitz M, Gersh B, Allen L, Freeman J, Mahaffey K, Piccini J, Peterson E, Hylek E. NUISANCE BLEEDING IN ANTICOAGULATED PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: INSIGHTS FROM THE OUTCOMES REGISTRY FOR BETTER INFORMED TREATMENT OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION (ORBIT-AF). Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2017, 69: 536. DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(17)33925-6.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2016
Absence of Oral Anticoagulation and Subsequent Outcomes Among Outpatients with Atrial Fibrillation
Hess PL, Kim S, Fonarow GC, Thomas L, Singer DE, Freeman JV, Gersh BJ, Ansell J, Kowey PR, Mahaffey KW, Chan PS, Steinberg BA, Peterson ED, Piccini JP, Patients and Investigators O. Absence of Oral Anticoagulation and Subsequent Outcomes Among Outpatients with Atrial Fibrillation. The American Journal Of Medicine 2016, 130: 449-456. PMID: 27888051, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.11.001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOral anticoagulationAtrial fibrillationUntreated patientsSubsequent outcomesHigh riskAtrial fibrillation typeTransient ischemic attackAtrial fibrillation burdenBetter Informed TreatmentAtrial fibrillation patientsLow bleeding riskAmbulatory care sitesIschemic attackVASc scoreBleeding riskGuideline indicationsFibrillation patientsOutcomes RegistryCox regressionAdverse outcomesTreatment gapCare sitesNonsignificant trendPatientsCurrent community practice
2015
Association Between Atrial Fibrillation Symptoms, Quality of Life, and Patient Outcomes
Freeman JV, Simon DN, Go AS, Spertus J, Fonarow GC, Gersh BJ, Hylek EM, Kowey PR, Mahaffey KW, Thomas LE, Chang P, Peterson ED, Piccini JP. Association Between Atrial Fibrillation Symptoms, Quality of Life, and Patient Outcomes. Circulation Cardiovascular Quality And Outcomes 2015, 8: 393-402. PMID: 26058720, DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.114.001303.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsQuality of lifeAtrial fibrillationHigh riskAF patientsAF symptomsPatient outcomesSymptom severityAtrial Fibrillation EffectBorderline higher riskMajor adverse eventsBetter Informed TreatmentAtrial fibrillation symptomsCommunity-based studyAFEQT scoreEHRA classMajor bleedingMost patientsSymptom burdenAdverse eventsOutcomes RegistryCox regressionLife QuestionnaireFibrillation EffectInformed TreatmentPatientsHeart rate is associated with progression of atrial fibrillation, independent of rhythm
Holmqvist F, Kim S, Steinberg BA, Reiffel JA, Mahaffey KW, Gersh BJ, Fonarow GC, Naccarelli GV, Chang P, Freeman JV, Kowey PR, Thomas L, Peterson ED, Piccini JP. Heart rate is associated with progression of atrial fibrillation, independent of rhythm. Heart 2015, 101: 894. PMID: 25732748, PMCID: PMC4453487, DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-307043.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAtrial fibrillationAF progressionHeart rateBaseline ECGRhythm control strategyBetter Informed TreatmentPredictors of progressionPersistent atrial fibrillationModest discriminatory powerLower heart rateHigher heart rateMore comorbiditiesOutcomes RegistryPatientsClinical practiceInformed TreatmentProgressionStrongest predictorFibrillationPredictorsBaselineAgeECGSustained formsSignificant interactionImpact of obstructive sleep apnea and continuous positive airway pressure therapy on outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation—Results from the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF)
Holmqvist F, Guan N, Zhu Z, Kowey PR, Allen LA, Fonarow GC, Hylek EM, Mahaffey KW, Freeman JV, Chang P, Holmes DN, Peterson ED, Piccini JP, Gersh BJ, Investigators O. Impact of obstructive sleep apnea and continuous positive airway pressure therapy on outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation—Results from the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF). American Heart Journal 2015, 169: 647-654.e2. PMID: 25965712, DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2014.12.024.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsObstructive sleep apneaBetter Informed TreatmentAtrial fibrillationOutcomes RegistrySleep apneaHigh riskStroke/transient ischemic attackContinuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatmentContinuous positive airway pressure therapyPrevalence of OSAInformed TreatmentImpact of OSAPositive airway pressure therapyPositive airway pressure treatmentAF progression rateHierarchical logistic regression modelingMajor cardiovascular outcomesRhythm control therapyAirway pressure therapyTransient ischemic attackLong-term outcomesRisk of deathLogistic regression modelingMore persistent formsCV death