Featured Publications
Embolus extravasation is an alternative mechanism for cerebral microvascular recanalization
Lam CK, Yoo T, Hiner B, Liu Z, Grutzendler J. Embolus extravasation is an alternative mechanism for cerebral microvascular recanalization. Nature 2010, 465: 478-482. PMID: 20505729, PMCID: PMC2879083, DOI: 10.1038/nature09001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAge-related cognitive disordersBlood vesselsPossible therapeutic targetAged miceBlood flowTherapeutic targetCognitive disordersMice showBlood clotsEndothelial cellsUnderlying endotheliumMicroemboliExtravasationFibrinolysisVesselsRecanalizationEmboliPatientsStrokeEndotheliumMiceBloodBrainWeeksClots
2010
CX3CR1 in Microglia Regulates Brain Amyloid Deposition through Selective Protofibrillar Amyloid-β Phagocytosis
Liu Z, Condello C, Schain A, Harb R, Grutzendler J. CX3CR1 in Microglia Regulates Brain Amyloid Deposition through Selective Protofibrillar Amyloid-β Phagocytosis. Journal Of Neuroscience 2010, 30: 17091-17101. PMID: 21159979, PMCID: PMC3077120, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4403-10.2010.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCX3CR1-deficient miceAlzheimer's diseaseAmyloid-β PhagocytosisBrain amyloid depositionLower brain levelsGreater phagocytic capacityQuantification of AβHigh proliferative rateAβ phagocytosisActivated microgliaMicroglia activationMicroglia activityAmyloid pathologyAmyloid depositionMicroglia densityBrain levelsPlaque depositionSynaptic damageChemokine receptorsDisease progressionMicrogliaTherapeutic strategiesAmyloid depositsPhagocytic capacityPhagocytic abilityThinned-skull cranial window technique for long-term imaging of the cortex in live mice
Yang G, Pan F, Parkhurst CN, Grutzendler J, Gan WB. Thinned-skull cranial window technique for long-term imaging of the cortex in live mice. Nature Protocols 2010, 5: 201-208. PMID: 20134419, PMCID: PMC4690457, DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2009.222.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTwo-photon laser scanning microscopyHigh optical resolutionThinned-skull cranial windowImportant experimental toolOptical resolutionLiving brainCranial window techniqueLive miceLong-term imagingCranial windowExperimental toolInvasive approachAvoids exposureFunctional changesCortical structuresLongitudinal imagingPathological conditionsCortexBrainLaser scanning microscopyScanning microscopyMiceImagingMicroscopyResolution
2007
Various Dendritic Abnormalities Are Associated with Fibrillar Amyloid Deposits in Alzheimer's Disease
GRUTZENDLER J, HELMIN K, TSAI J, GAN W. Various Dendritic Abnormalities Are Associated with Fibrillar Amyloid Deposits in Alzheimer's Disease. Annals Of The New York Academy Of Sciences 2007, 1097: 30-39. PMID: 17413007, DOI: 10.1196/annals.1379.003.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAmyloid depositsAlzheimer's diseasePSAPP miceFibrillar amyloid depositsAmyloid depositionDendritic abnormalitiesHuman AD tissueFibrillar amyloid depositionHuman AD brainsTransgenic mouse modelHuman postmortem brainDystrophic neuritesSpine lossAD brainAD tissueAmyloid plaquesCommon abnormalityMouse modelPostmortem brainsDendritic spinesNeuronal circuitsVaricosity formationSynaptic structureDiseaseDendritic branches
2006
Two-photon imaging of synaptic plasticity and pathology in the living mouse brain
Grutzendler J, Gan WB. Two-photon imaging of synaptic plasticity and pathology in the living mouse brain. Neurotherapeutics 2006, 3: 489-496. PMID: 17012063, PMCID: PMC3593400, DOI: 10.1016/j.nurx.2006.07.005.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTwo-photon microscopyMouse brainAcute brain injuryPostsynaptic dendritic spinesAdult mouse brainCerebral ischemiaSynaptic pathologyCerebrovascular diseaseBrain injuryMouse modelDendritic spinesAnimal modelsBrain cellsIntact brainTwo-photon imagingNeuronal connectionsSynaptic plasticityAlzheimer's diseaseNeuronal structuresDiseaseBrainStructural plasticityPathologyTechnical considerationsIschemia
2004
Fibrillar amyloid deposition leads to local synaptic abnormalities and breakage of neuronal branches
Tsai J, Grutzendler J, Duff K, Gan WB. Fibrillar amyloid deposition leads to local synaptic abnormalities and breakage of neuronal branches. Nature Neuroscience 2004, 7: 1181-1183. PMID: 15475950, DOI: 10.1038/nn1335.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFibrillar amyloid depositionAmyloid depositionAlzheimer's diseaseTransgenic mouse modelImportance of preventionFibrillar amyloid depositsSpine lossNearby axonsNeuronal labelingEarly clearanceLarge varicositiesAmyloid plaquesMouse modelNeuronal circuitryAmyloid depositsTwo-photon imagingNeuronal connectionsSynaptic abnormalitiesNeuronal branchesPermanent disruptionPlaquesDiseaseAtrophyVaricositiesPathogenesisAge‐associated synapse elimination in mouse parasympathetic ganglia
Coggan JS, Grutzendler J, Bishop DL, Cook MR, Gan W, Heym J, Lichtman JW. Age‐associated synapse elimination in mouse parasympathetic ganglia. Developmental Neurobiology 2004, 60: 214-226. PMID: 15266652, DOI: 10.1002/neu.20022.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSynapse eliminationExcitatory postsynaptic potential amplitudeSubmandibular ganglion neuronsPostsynaptic potential amplitudeNumber of synapsesMonths of ageMammalian nervous systemAge-related changesMiniature EPSPsSMG neuronsSynapse efficacyParasympathetic gangliaGanglion neuronsEPSP amplitudeSynaptic contactsSynaptic transmissionSynaptic inputsAged animalsPotential amplitudeNervous systemSynaptic boutonsAxonal processesNeuronsOld animalsPostsynaptic membrane