2004
Signaling switches and bistability arising from multisite phosphorylation in protein kinase cascades
Markevich N, Hoek J, Kholodenko B. Signaling switches and bistability arising from multisite phosphorylation in protein kinase cascades. Journal Of Cell Biology 2004, 164: 353-359. PMID: 14744999, PMCID: PMC2172246, DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200308060.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsExtracellular signal-regulated kinaseMultisite phosphorylationProtein kinase cascadeBistable switchSignal-regulated kinaseKinase cascadeMAPK cascadeWidespread mechanismDifferent kinasesSame phosphataseProtein kinasePositive feedback loopProtein activityDephosphorylation reactionsCovalent modificationKinaseMAPK phosphorylationFeedback regulationPhosphorylationKinetic propertiesPhosphataseFeedback loopCascade
2000
Negative feedback and ultrasensitivity can bring about oscillations in the mitogen‐activated protein kinase cascades
Kholodenko B. Negative feedback and ultrasensitivity can bring about oscillations in the mitogen‐activated protein kinase cascades. The FEBS Journal 2000, 267: 1583-1588. PMID: 10712587, DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01197.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMitogen-activated protein kinaseMAPK cascadeProtein kinaseProtein phosphorylation cascadeSlow protein diffusionNegative feedback loopPhosphorylation cascadeSignal transductionFeedback loopCellular targetsProtein diffusionMAPK phosphorylationPhosphorylation levelsCell typesIntracellular wavesKinasePhosphorylationCascadeFunctional organizationUltrasensitivityRecent kinetic dataExternal stimuliTransductionTotal proteinCytoplasm