2008
Pleiotropic scaling of gene effects and the ‘cost of complexity’
Wagner GP, Kenney-Hunt JP, Pavlicev M, Peck JR, Waxman D, Cheverud JM. Pleiotropic scaling of gene effects and the ‘cost of complexity’. Nature 2008, 452: 470-472. PMID: 18368117, DOI: 10.1038/nature06756.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsQuantitative trait lociEffects of pleiotropyOrganismal complexityGenetic sequence dataHigher organismsEvolutionary biologyTrait lociMouse genomeSequence dataBiology questionsSkeletal traitsGene effectsMost mutationsCost of complexityGenetic mutationsTraitsMutationsMultiple effectsGenomeSkeletal characteristicsPleiotropyLociPleiotropicOrganismsBiology
1998
Genetic measurement theory of epistatic effects
Wagner G, Laubichler M, Bagheri-Chaichian H. Genetic measurement theory of epistatic effects. Genetica 1998, 102-103: 569-580. PMID: 9766965, DOI: 10.1023/a:1017088321094.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEpistatic effectsGenotype-phenotype mapMendelian genetic systemMathematical population geneticsAverage additive effectPairs of lociGenetic architecturePopulation geneticsEvolutionary changeEvolutionary phenomenaGenetic systemGenotypic varianceMetabolic fluxSecond locusEpistasisGene substitutionMutation effectsAdditive effectAdult body weightGene effectsSecond mutationLocus BLociMutationsNegative interactions