Measuring Evolutionary Constraints Through the Dimensionality of the Phenotype: Adjusted Bootstrap Method to Estimate Rank of Phenotypic Covariance Matrices
Pavlicev M, Wagner G, Cheverud J. Measuring Evolutionary Constraints Through the Dimensionality of the Phenotype: Adjusted Bootstrap Method to Estimate Rank of Phenotypic Covariance Matrices. Evolutionary Biology 2009, 36: 339-353. DOI: 10.1007/s11692-009-9066-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchEvolutionary constraintsCovariance matrixPhenotypic covariance matrixGenetic covariance matrixPhenotypic evolutionBootstrap methodPhenotypic variationGenetic variationPhenotype spaceLack of variationSelection responseFull rankMatrix rankRank estimatesNumber of variablesPhenotypeVariational dimensionsDimensionalityPhenotypicTraitsConstraintsMatrixVariationRankSample size