2001
Neurotrophin-3 modulates noradrenergic neuron function and opiate withdrawal
Akbarian S, Bates B, Liu R, Skirboll S, Pejchal T, Coppola V, Sun L, Fan G, Kucera J, Wilson M, Tessarollo L, Kosofsky B, Taylor J, Bothwell M, Nestler E, Aghajanian G, Jaenisch R. Neurotrophin-3 modulates noradrenergic neuron function and opiate withdrawal. Molecular Psychiatry 2001, 6: 593-604. PMID: 11526474, DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4000897.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgingAnimalsAvoidance LearningBrainColforsinCyclic AMPElectric StimulationEnkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-Gene Expression Regulation, EnzymologicIn Vitro TechniquesIntermediate Filament ProteinsLocus CoeruleusMiceMice, KnockoutMice, TransgenicMorphineMorphine DependenceNerve Tissue ProteinsNestinNeuronsNeurotrophin 3Signal TransductionSubstance Withdrawal SyndromeTyrosine 3-MonooxygenaseConceptsNoradrenergic neuronsNeurotrophin-3NT-3Opiate withdrawalNoradrenergic signalingOpiate withdrawal symptomsChronic morphine exposureNT-3 expressionNon-catecholaminergic neuronsLoss of neuronsDorsal medullaMorphine exposureWithdrawal symptomsAfferent sourcesTyrosine hydroxylaseAdult brainSomatic symptomsNeuron functionVentral forebrainConditional ablationReduced upregulationNeuronsAltered cAMPSymptomsWithdrawal
1988
Clonidine infusions into the locus coeruleus attenuate behavioral and neurochemical changes associated with naloxone-precipitated withdrawal
Taylor J, Elsworth J, Garcia E, Grant S, Roth R, Redmond D. Clonidine infusions into the locus coeruleus attenuate behavioral and neurochemical changes associated with naloxone-precipitated withdrawal. Psychopharmacology 1988, 96: 121-134. PMID: 3147472, DOI: 10.1007/bf02431544.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNaloxone-precipitated withdrawalDorsal parabrachial nucleusAlpha-2 adrenergic receptorsWet dog shakesLocus coeruleusClonidine infusionMHPG concentrationsOpiate withdrawalAlpha-2 adrenergic agonistsAnti-withdrawal actionWithdrawal-induced increasesBlood-brain barrierInfusion of clonidineNucleus locus coeruleusOccurrence of diarrheaClonidine's abilityLC infusionBrain concentrationsNoradrenergic neuronsST-91MHPG levelsPeripheral injectionWithdrawal signsNeurochemical changesParabrachial nucleus