2004
Chapter 41 Ischemic White Matter Damage
Stys P, Waxman S. Chapter 41 Ischemic White Matter Damage. 2004, 985-1007. DOI: 10.1016/b978-012439510-7/50094-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchIschemic white matter injuryIschemic white matter damageIschemic CNS injuryMore chronic statesWhite matter injuryWhite matter damageMammalian white matterClinical disabilityAcute strokePeriventricular leukomalaciaAxonal disordersCerebral palsyIschemic damageVascular dementiaMultiple sclerosisCNS injuryMatter damageSocioeconomic burdenMyelinated fibersSuccessful therapyChronic stateWhite matterIrreversible compromiseDeleterious eventsWestern populations
1997
Functional Repair of Myelinated Fibers in the Spinal Cord by Transplantation of Glial Cells
Waxman S, Kocsis J. Functional Repair of Myelinated Fibers in the Spinal Cord by Transplantation of Glial Cells. Altschul Symposia Series 1997, 283-298. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-5949-8_28.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConduction velocityMyelinated axonsMyelin sheathNon-myelinated fibresClinical deficitsMyelin damageConduction abnormalitiesDemyelinated axonsSpinal cordGlial cellsMyelinated fibersConduction blockSynaptic terminalsAction potentialsRefractory periodCell bodiesDemyelinated fibersAxonsFunctional repair
1993
Molecular dissection of the myelinated axon
Waxman S, Ritchie J. Molecular dissection of the myelinated axon. Annals Of Neurology 1993, 33: 121-136. PMID: 7679565, DOI: 10.1002/ana.410330202.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMyelinated axonsInternodal axon membraneDemyelinated axonsCentral nervous system white matterNervous system white matterRestoration of conductionImportant therapeutic approachSchwann cell processesWhite matter axonsInflux of Ca2Important pathophysiological implicationsGlial cell processesAction potential conductionAxonal excitabilityGlial cellsAnoxic injuryMyelinated fibersTherapeutic approachesAstrocyte processesCell processesPathophysiological implicationsRepetitive firingWhite matterNeurological disordersAction potentials
1990
Ion channel organization of the myelinated fiber
Black J, Kocsis J, Waxman S. Ion channel organization of the myelinated fiber. Trends In Neurosciences 1990, 13: 48-54. PMID: 1690930, DOI: 10.1016/0166-2236(90)90068-l.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1986
Effects of delayed myelination by oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells on the macromolecular structure of axonal membrane in rat spinal cord
Black J, Waxman S, Sims T, Gilmore S. Effects of delayed myelination by oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells on the macromolecular structure of axonal membrane in rat spinal cord. Brain Cell Biology 1986, 15: 745-761. PMID: 3819778, DOI: 10.1007/bf01625192.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDorsal funiculusSpinal cordSchwann cellsMyelin sheathAxonal membraneControl spinal cordsLumbosacral spinal cordSchwann cell ensheathmentRat spinal cordThin myelin sheathsDorsal spinal rootsDays of ageVoltage-sensitive sodium channelsSubsequent myelinationSpinal rootsMyelinated fibersLarge axonsCordMyelinationOligodendrocytesFuniculusSodium channelsIMP densityE-face intramembranous particlesInternodal axolemmaA quantitative study of developing axons and glia following altered gliogenesis in rat optic nerve
Black J, Waxman S, Ransom B, Feliciano M. A quantitative study of developing axons and glia following altered gliogenesis in rat optic nerve. Brain Research 1986, 380: 122-135. PMID: 2428420, DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(86)91436-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRat optic nerveOptic nerve volumeNormal optic nervesOptic nerveNerve volumeTotal glial cellsNerve cross sectionsGlial cellsMyelinated fibersAxonal diameterAge-matched control tissueNeonatal rat optic nerveOptic nerve cross sectionsConcomitant marked reductionProgenitor cellsNumber of oligodendrogliaAge-matched controlsGlial cell developmentDays of ageEnsheathed axonsSystemic injectionNerveAstrocytic lineageControl tissuesGliaMolecular structure of the axolemma of developing axons following altered gliogenesis in rat optic nerve
Black J, Waxman S. Molecular structure of the axolemma of developing axons following altered gliogenesis in rat optic nerve. Developmental Biology 1986, 115: 301-312. PMID: 2423398, DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(86)90251-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRat optic nerveOptic nerveMyelinated fibersLarge caliber fibersAxonal diameterNeonatal rat optic nerveP-face IMP densityControl optic nervesDays of ageNodes of RanvierUnensheathed axonsGlial ensheathmentSystemic injectionNerveAxonsGliogenesisIMP densityAxolemmaE-face particlesCell associationIntramembranous particlesRatsOligodendrocytesMyelinEnsheathment
1985
Ligature‐induced injury in peripheral nerve: Electrophysiological observations on changes in action potential characteristics following blockade of potassium conductance
Waxman S, Kocsis J, Eng D. Ligature‐induced injury in peripheral nerve: Electrophysiological observations on changes in action potential characteristics following blockade of potassium conductance. Muscle & Nerve 1985, 8: 85-92. PMID: 2414652, DOI: 10.1002/mus.880080202.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAction potentialsRepetitive firingSingle stimulusPotassium channelsCompound action potentialRat sciatic nerveAction potential propertiesWhole-nerve responseAction potential characteristicsIntra-axonal recordingsAction potential waveformNerve segmentsSciatic nerveNerve responsesPeripheral nervesInjury siteMyelinated fibersLater spikesElectrophysiological observationsNerveRefractory periodFiring patternsPotassium conductancePotential waveformInitial spikeMembrane ultrastructure of developing axons in glial cell deficient rat spinal cord
Black J, Sims T, Waxman S, Gilmore S. Membrane ultrastructure of developing axons in glial cell deficient rat spinal cord. Brain Cell Biology 1985, 14: 79-104. PMID: 4009213, DOI: 10.1007/bf01150264.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1983
Maturation of mammalian myelinated fibers: changes in action-potential characteristics following 4-aminopyridine application
Kocsis J, Ruiz J, Waxman S. Maturation of mammalian myelinated fibers: changes in action-potential characteristics following 4-aminopyridine application. Journal Of Neurophysiology 1983, 50: 449-463. PMID: 6310062, DOI: 10.1152/jn.1983.50.2.449.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchLong-term regenerated nerve fibres retain sensitivity to potassium channel blocking agents
Kocsis J, Waxman S. Long-term regenerated nerve fibres retain sensitivity to potassium channel blocking agents. Nature 1983, 304: 640-642. PMID: 6308475, DOI: 10.1038/304640a0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNerve fibersPotassium channelsMyelinated peripheral nerve fibresAxon segmentsPeripheral nerve fibersAxon sproutsEndoneurial tubesNerve crushFunctional recoveryFunctional organizationMyelinated fibersAxon cylindersSchwann cellsBurst activityMyelinated axonsMammalian axonsAxonsPeripheral connectionsMembrane depolarizationBasement membraneK channelsRegenerated fibersAxon maturation
1982
Regenerating mammalian nerve fibres: changes in action potential waveform and firing characteristics following blockage of potassium conductance
Kocsis J, Waxman S, Hildebrand C, Ruiz J. Regenerating mammalian nerve fibres: changes in action potential waveform and firing characteristics following blockage of potassium conductance. Proceedings Of The Royal Society B 1982, 217: 77-87. PMID: 6131423, DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1982.0095.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRegenerating axonsNerve fibersFiring propertiesAction potentialsPotassium conductancePotassium channelsCompound action potentialSciatic nerve fibersEarly regenerating axonsAction potential waveformRat nerve fibresMammalian nerve fibresDemyelinated axonsMyelinated fibersExtracellular applicationAxonsRecording techniquesSingle stimulusFiring characteristicsPotential waveformPresent studyRat optic nerve: Freeze-fracture studies during development of myelinated axons
Black J, Foster R, Waxman S. Rat optic nerve: Freeze-fracture studies during development of myelinated axons. Brain Research 1982, 250: 1-20. PMID: 7139310, DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(82)90948-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOptic nerveInternodal axolemmaOptic nerve fibersRat optic nerveGreater mean particle sizeNon-myelinated axonsDays of ageEnsheathed axonsGlial ensheathmentNerve fibersMyelinated fibersDays postnatalNerveMyelinated axonsDays postparturitionAge groupsAxonsDefinitive associationAdult fibersAdult animalsMyelinationInternodal membraneCompact myelinFreeze-fracture studyAxolemma
1978
Intra-axonal ferric ion-ferrocyanide staining of nodes of Ranvier and initial segments in central myelinated fibers
Waxman S, Quick D. Intra-axonal ferric ion-ferrocyanide staining of nodes of Ranvier and initial segments in central myelinated fibers. Brain Research 1978, 144: 1-10. PMID: 76497, DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(78)90430-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNodes of RanvierInitial segmentFerric ion-ferrocyanide stainingCentral nervous tissueAxon initial segmentCentral myelinated fibersSpinal cordMyelinated fibersNervous tissueMyelinated neuronsAxon hillockCell bodiesNodal axolemmaRanvierNeuronsAxolemmaStainingElectron-dense substanceStainInternodal regionsUltrastructural dataSpecialized regions
1976
Ultrastructure of visual callosal axons in the rabbit
Waxman S, Swadlow H. Ultrastructure of visual callosal axons in the rabbit. Experimental Neurology 1976, 53: 115-127. PMID: 964332, DOI: 10.1016/0014-4886(76)90287-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchProgressive multifocal neurologic deficit with disseminated subpial demyelination.
Galaburda A, Waxman S, Kemper T, Jones H. Progressive multifocal neurologic deficit with disseminated subpial demyelination. Journal Of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology 1976, 35: 481-94. PMID: 182927, DOI: 10.1097/00005072-197609000-00001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMyelin lossAcute urinary retentionModerate mononuclear pleocytosisMultifocal neurologic deficitsDistinct clinical entityYear old manUnusual clinical pictureNormal electrophoretic patternMononuclear pleocytosisUrinary retentionAxonal preservationNeurologic deficitsGait difficultyAstrocytic gliosisClinical entityClinical picturePerivascular cuffingSubpial demyelinationMononuclear cellsMyelinated fibersHistological examinationCerebrospinal fluidGross examinationCoronal sectionsDemyelination
1972
Relative Conduction Velocities of Small Myelinated and Non-myelinated Fibres in the Central Nervous System
WAXMAN S, BENNETT M. Relative Conduction Velocities of Small Myelinated and Non-myelinated Fibres in the Central Nervous System. Nature 1972, 238: 217-219. PMID: 4506206, DOI: 10.1038/newbio238217a0.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1971
An ultrastructural study of the pattern of myelination of preterminal fibers in teleost oculomotor nuclei, electromotor nuclei, and spinal cord
Waxman S. An ultrastructural study of the pattern of myelination of preterminal fibers in teleost oculomotor nuclei, electromotor nuclei, and spinal cord. Brain Research 1971, 27: 189-201. PMID: 5552167, DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(71)90248-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPattern of myelinationSpinal cordOculomotor nucleusElectromotor nucleusProportion of synapsesPreterminal fibersPeripheral nerve fibersCentral nervous systemCentral myelinated fibersNodes of RanvierUnmyelinated regionsNerve fibersMyelinated fibersConduction velocityNervous systemCordMyelinationNervous impulsesUltrastructural studySynapsesClose membrane appositionBulbous protrusionsMembrane appositionAxonsNucleus
1970
Closely Spaced Nodes of Ranvier in the Teleost Brain
WAXMAN S. Closely Spaced Nodes of Ranvier in the Teleost Brain. Nature 1970, 227: 283-284. PMID: 5428197, DOI: 10.1038/227283a0.Peer-Reviewed Original Research