Adjunct faculty typically have an academic or research appointment at another institution and contribute or collaborate with one or more School of Medicine faculty members or programs.
Adjunct rank detailsXiao Xu, PhD, MA
Associate Professor Adjunct of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive SciencesAbout
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Titles
Associate Professor Adjunct of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences
Biography
Dr. Xiao Xu is an Associate Professor in the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences at Yale School of Medicine, and a faculty member of Yale Cancer Center and Yale Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy and Effectiveness Research Center (COPPER). As a health economist and health services researcher, her work seeks to promote the delivery of high-quality and high-value care. Her research focuses on examining and identifying factors that influence the quality, outcomes, and value of care, with a focus on women's health care. Her recent studies examined hospital and geographic variation in care utilization, costs, and patient outcomes; comparative effectiveness and cost effectiveness of alternative treatment strategies; and gender and racial/ethnic disparities in health and health care. Dr. Xu is also actively involved in the teaching of medical students, clinical residents/fellows, and postgraduate/postdoctoral fellows. She mentors trainees on research design and methodology, and lectures on methods of data collection, data analysis, and cost effectiveness evaluation.
Dr. Xu has served as a principal investigator or co-investigator on multiple research grants funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and various research foundations. She received honorable mention for the Aetna Susan B. Anthony Award for excellence in research on older women and public health from the American Public Health Association (Gerontological Health Section) in 2005, the Frank J. McDevitt Excellence in Research Award in Policy Research from the Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Foundation in 2008 and 2011, and the Carol Weisman & Gary Chase Gender-Based Research Award from the AcademyHealth in 2017. Dr. Xu is a member of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, AcademyHealth, the International Health Economics Association, and the Gerontological Society of America.
Departments & Organizations
Education & Training
- PhD
- Wayne State University, Economics (2004)
- MA
- Wayne State University, Economics (2002)
Research
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Overview
Medical Research Interests
Public Health Interests
ORCID
0000-0001-6519-1731
Research at a Glance
Yale Co-Authors
Publications Timeline
Research Interests
Vrunda Desai, MD, FACOG
Jessica Illuzzi, MD, MS, FACOG
Erica Spatz, MD, MHS
Cary P Gross, MD
Harlan Krumholz, MD, SM
Mitchell Clark, MD, MPH
Costs and Cost Analysis
Publications
2026
Cardiovascular outcomes in individuals with ovarian cancer: A retrospective cohort study
AlAshqar A, Clark M, Gross C, Spatz E, Xu X. Cardiovascular outcomes in individuals with ovarian cancer: A retrospective cohort study. Gynecologic Oncology 2026, 211: 17-22. PMID: 42287764, DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2026.06.008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMajor adverse cardiovascular eventsNon-cancer controlsOvarian cancer patientsRetrospective cohort studyCardiovascular diseaseCohort studyOvarian cancerMajor adverse cardiovascular events riskCancer patientsSub-distribution hazard modelCardiovascular disease riskRisk of cardiovascular diseaseBilateral oophorectomyNon-cancer patientsCardiovascular risk factorsFine-Gray sub-distribution hazard modelOptum Labs Data WarehouseIncident major adverse cardiovascular eventsAcute myocardial infarctionClaims dataOutcome measuresAdverse cardiovascular eventsHazards modelRisk factorsTransient ischemic attackAssociation of Reproductive Factors with Acute Myocardial Infarction in Young Women: A VIRGO and NHANES case-control study
Dong W, Yang H, Sawano M, Li S, Xu X, Murugiah K, Krumholz H, Lu Y. Association of Reproductive Factors with Acute Myocardial Infarction in Young Women: A VIRGO and NHANES case-control study. American Journal Of Preventive Cardiology 2026, 101700. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2026.101700.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAltmetricConceptsAcute myocardial infarction subtypeAssociations of reproductive factorsReproductive factorsAcute myocardial infarctionCase-control studyTraditional risk factorsMenopausal statusYoung womenAssociated with lower oddsAssociated with higher oddsBirth control pillsFemale hormone useConditional logistic regressionRisk factorsMyocardial infarctionControl pillsLower oddsHigher oddsEarly menarcheStratified analysisHormone useOdds ratioPrevention strategiesSocioeconomic variablesOlder womenImpact of lymphadenectomy on survival outcomes for stage I malignant ovarian germ cell tumors
Ludmir D, Huang Y, Xu X, Dioun S, Buckley A, Randall T, Pua T, St Clair C, Hou J, Matsuo K, Hershman D, Wright J. Impact of lymphadenectomy on survival outcomes for stage I malignant ovarian germ cell tumors. Gynecologic Oncology 2026, 209: 40-47. PMID: 42090882, DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2026.04.016.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsMalignant ovarian germ cell tumorsInverse probability of treatment weightingOvarian germ cell tumorsPropensity score inverse probabilityGerm cell tumorsNodal metastasisCell tumorsSurvival outcomesLow rate of nodal metastasisNon-epithelial ovarian malignanciesRate of nodal metastasisComprehensive surgical stagingPerformance of hysterectomyExcellent survival outcomesImpact of lymphadenectomyNational Cancer DatabaseAdjuvant chemotherapy useEarly-stage diseaseMultivariable log-linear regressionProbability of treatment weightingAssociated with higher ratesAssociated with survivalCox proportional-hazards modelProportional-hazards modelOvarian malignancyTrends in obesity prevalence with successive live births: A potential driver of differences in uterine cancer incidence
Wright J, Yellin L, Chen L, Rouse K, Xu X, Layne T, Myers E. Trends in obesity prevalence with successive live births: A potential driver of differences in uterine cancer incidence. Gynecologic Oncology 2026, 208: s197. DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2026.01.368.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchUtilization and outcomes of fertility-sparing ovarian cystectomy for stage I malignant ovarian germ cell tumors
Ludmir D, Huang Y, Xu X, Dioun S, de Meritens A, Randall T, Pua T, St. Clair C, Hou J, Wright J. Utilization and outcomes of fertility-sparing ovarian cystectomy for stage I malignant ovarian germ cell tumors. Gynecologic Oncology 2026, 208: s9-s10. DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2026.01.031.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTrends, predictors, and safety of ovarian preservation in premenopausal women with high-grade endometrioid and non-endometrioid endometrial cancers
Morgan J, Chen L, Xu X, de Meritens A, Dioun S, Randall T, Hou J, Pua T, St. Clair C, Wright J. Trends, predictors, and safety of ovarian preservation in premenopausal women with high-grade endometrioid and non-endometrioid endometrial cancers. Gynecologic Oncology 2026, 208: s305-s306. DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2026.01.536.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchComparison of venous thromboembolism rates in patients with advanced stage endometrial carcinoma undergoing primary hysterectomy first and those undergoing neoadjuvant treatment first
Wright J, Sassine D, Chen L, Xu X, Dioun S, Randall T, St. Clair C, McMinn E, Pua T, de Meritens A, Hou J. Comparison of venous thromboembolism rates in patients with advanced stage endometrial carcinoma undergoing primary hysterectomy first and those undergoing neoadjuvant treatment first. Gynecologic Oncology 2026, 208: s135-s136. DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2026.01.273.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchComparison of venous thromboembolism rates in patients with ovarian carcinoma undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy and those undergoing primary debulking surgery
Wright J, Sassine D, Chen L, McMinn E, St. Clair C, Dioun S, Pua T, Randall T, de Meritens A, Xu X, Hou J. Comparison of venous thromboembolism rates in patients with ovarian carcinoma undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy and those undergoing primary debulking surgery. Gynecologic Oncology 2026, 208: s335. DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2026.01.581.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchUse of Tranexamic Acid in Laparoscopic Myomectomy: AAGL Committee Opinion and Practice Guideline Update
Gingold J, Solnik M, Desilets J, Erden M, Fridman D, Sanders A, Kho R, Garcia-Filion P, Hackett L, Siegel A, Xu X. Use of Tranexamic Acid in Laparoscopic Myomectomy: AAGL Committee Opinion and Practice Guideline Update. Journal Of Minimally Invasive Gynecology 2026, 33: 349-351. PMID: 41871966, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2026.02.022.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchElimination of the Black Box Warning on Menopausal Hormone Therapy
Sriprasert I, Hodis H, Mack W, Rosser M, Evans M, Xu X, Wright J. Elimination of the Black Box Warning on Menopausal Hormone Therapy. Obstetrics And Gynecology 2026, 147: 642-646. PMID: 41687116, DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000006226.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsMenopausal hormone therapyFood and Drug AdministrationWomen's Health InitiativeLowest effective doseHormone therapyEffective doseWomen's Health Initiative studyYears of menopauseLocal vaginal therapyBlack box warningIndividual benefit-risk assessmentRoute of administrationU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationOptimal timingShort durationVaginal therapyLong-term health outcomesEquine estrogensClinical controversiesClinical evidenceBox warningSecondary outcomesDrug AdministrationMenopause managementBenefit-risk assessment
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