Ultrasound Guidance for Botulinum Toxin Injection of Muscles Innervated by the Facial Nerve: A Systematic Review of Anatomical Precision, Safety, and Outcomes
Chowdhury R, Schiff B, Lee Y, Mohan S. Ultrasound Guidance for Botulinum Toxin Injection of Muscles Innervated by the Facial Nerve: A Systematic Review of Anatomical Precision, Safety, and Outcomes. Aesthetic Surgery Journal 2025, sjaf175. PMID: 40971765, DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjaf175.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchUltrasound guidanceBotulinum toxin injectionSystematic reviewLandmark-based techniqueAdverse eventsPatient satisfactionPatient-reported measuresHigh-resolution ultrasoundOff-target deliveryBotulinum toxin type AInjection of muscleRisk of biasCadaveric trialsRandomized Controlled TrialsToxin type ARhytid reductionFacial nerveFacial synkinesisClinical efficacyClinical outcomesProspective cohortClinical studiesBoNT-AFacial symmetryInjection accuracy
This site is protected by hCaptcha and its Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply