Galanin negatively modulates opiate withdrawal via galanin receptor 1
Holmes FE, Armenaki A, Iismaa TP, Einstein EB, Shine J, Picciotto MR, Wynick D, Zachariou V. Galanin negatively modulates opiate withdrawal via galanin receptor 1. Psychopharmacology 2011, 220: 619-625. PMID: 21969124, PMCID: PMC3324978, DOI: 10.1007/s00213-011-2515-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGalanin receptor 1Chronic morphine administrationMorphine administrationLocus coeruleusGalanin expressionOpiate withdrawalReceptor 1Distinct G protein-coupled receptorsPrecipitation of withdrawalAction of morphineDoses of morphineWild-type miceTransgenic mouse lineG protein-coupled receptorsExpress galaninGalanin levelsWild-type controlsProtein-coupled receptorsNeuropeptide galaninMorphine dependenceWithdrawal signsOpiate dependenceGalaninTransgenic miceGalR2 gene