2017
Updated Cost-effectiveness Assessments of PCSK9 Inhibitors From the Perspectives of the Health System and Private Payers: Insights Derived From the FOURIER Trial
Arrieta A, Hong JC, Khera R, Virani SS, Krumholz HM, Nasir K. Updated Cost-effectiveness Assessments of PCSK9 Inhibitors From the Perspectives of the Health System and Private Payers: Insights Derived From the FOURIER Trial. JAMA Cardiology 2017, 2: 1369-1374. PMID: 29049467, PMCID: PMC5814995, DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2017.3655.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAnticholesteremic AgentsCardiovascular DiseasesCholesterol, LDLCost-Benefit AnalysisDecision Support TechniquesDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleHumansHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsHypercholesterolemiaInsuranceInsurance, HealthInsurance, Health, ReimbursementMaleMarkov ChainsMiddle AgedMyocardial InfarctionPCSK9 InhibitorsQuality-Adjusted Life YearsStrokeUnited StatesConceptsQuality-adjusted life yearsIncremental cost-effectiveness ratioCost-effectiveness ratioProprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitorsCurrent pricesLife yearsPrivate payersAdditional quality-adjusted life yearPreliminary cost-effectiveness analysisCost-effectiveness standardsProbabilistic sensitivity analysesCost-effectiveness analysisPrivate payer perspectiveCost-effectiveness assessmentNegative returnsHealth system perspectiveSignificant discountUS dollarsDrug pricesPatent protectionPricesStatin treatment strategiesHealth insuranceTime horizonSubtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors
2016
Sex differences in lipid profiles and treatment utilization among young adults with acute myocardial infarction: Results from the VIRGO study
Lu Y, Zhou S, Dreyer RP, Caulfield M, Spatz ES, Geda M, Lorenze NP, Herbert P, D'Onofrio G, Jackson EA, Lichtman JH, Bueno H, Spertus JA, Krumholz HM. Sex differences in lipid profiles and treatment utilization among young adults with acute myocardial infarction: Results from the VIRGO study. American Heart Journal 2016, 183: 74-84. PMID: 27979045, PMCID: PMC5459396, DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2016.09.012.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute myocardial infarctionLipid profileYoung womenLipoprotein cholesterolLipoprotein profileMyocardial infarctionTreatment utilizationLow-density lipoprotein cholesterolHigh-density lipoprotein cholesterolLow HDL cholesterol levelsYoung adultsHigh-intensity doseMajor lipid abnormalitiesSex differencesAdverse lipid profileFavorable lipoprotein profileHDL cholesterol ratioLower total cholesterolHDL cholesterol levelsHigher HDL cholesterolImportant risk factorHigher mortality riskMultivariate regression analysisVIRGO StudyCardiovascular outcomes
2014
Trends in Use of Ezetimibe After the ENHANCE Trial, 2007 Through 2010
Ross JS, Frazee SG, Garavaglia SB, Levin R, Novshadian H, Jackevicius CA, Stettin G, Krumholz HM. Trends in Use of Ezetimibe After the ENHANCE Trial, 2007 Through 2010. JAMA Internal Medicine 2014, 174: 1486-1493. PMID: 25070672, PMCID: PMC4208827, DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.3404.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLipid-lowering agentsENHANCE trialEzetimibe useEzetimibe initiationPharmacy benefit managersUse of ezetimibeProgression of atherosclerosisAdults 18 yearsHalf of adultsAtherosclerosis regression trialsPredictors of useBenefit managersEzetimibe monotherapyMonotherapy usersMedication initiationEligible adultsPrescription claimsCholesterol levelsRetrospective analysisMAIN OUTCOMEAdult beneficiariesUS census divisionsDiscontinuationRegression trialsEzetimibeImpact of Drug Policy on Regional Trends in Ezetimibe Use
Lu L, Krumholz HM, Tu JV, Ross JS, Ko DT, Jackevicius CA. Impact of Drug Policy on Regional Trends in Ezetimibe Use. Circulation Cardiovascular Quality And Outcomes 2014, 7: 589-596. PMID: 24895451, PMCID: PMC4222175, DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.114.001023.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnticholesteremic AgentsAzetidinesCanadaDrug CostsDyslipidemiasEzetimibeFollow-Up StudiesHealth PolicyHumansPrescription DrugsRetrospective StudiesImpact of the ENHANCE Trial on the use of ezetimibe in the United States and Canada
Lu L, Krumholz HM, Tu JV, Ross JS, Ko DT, Jackevicius CA. Impact of the ENHANCE Trial on the use of ezetimibe in the United States and Canada. American Heart Journal 2014, 167: 683-689. PMID: 24766978, PMCID: PMC4215424, DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2014.01.014.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsUse of ezetimibeENHANCE trialEzetimibe useProgression of atherosclerosisMain outcome measuresAtherosclerosis regression trialsMonthly numberOutcome measuresRegression trialsEzetimibeIMS HealthCommon evidence baseEvidence baseTrialsUnited StatesUtilization patternsFurther investigationDifferent utilization patternsPopulationDifferent patternsUse trendsAtherosclerosisSimvastatinProgression
2012
Statins: Is It Safe and Effective to Use Generic “Equivalents”?
Jackevicius CA, Tu JV, Krumholz HM. Statins: Is It Safe and Effective to Use Generic “Equivalents”? Canadian Journal Of Cardiology 2012, 29: 408-410. PMID: 23062664, DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.08.012.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchThree Reasons to Abandon Low-Density Lipoprotein Targets
Hayward RA, Krumholz HM. Three Reasons to Abandon Low-Density Lipoprotein Targets. Circulation Cardiovascular Quality And Outcomes 2012, 5: 2-5. PMID: 22253366, DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.111.964676.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2010
Emphasizing the Burden of Proof
Krumholz HM. Emphasizing the Burden of Proof. Circulation Cardiovascular Quality And Outcomes 2010, 3: 565-567. PMID: 21081745, DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.110.959577.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchBeyond insurance coverage: Usual source of care in the treatment of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Data from the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Spatz ES, Ross JS, Desai MM, Canavan ME, Krumholz HM. Beyond insurance coverage: Usual source of care in the treatment of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Data from the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. American Heart Journal 2010, 160: 115-121. PMID: 20598981, PMCID: PMC3025407, DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2010.04.013.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTreatment of hypertensionNutrition Examination SurveyInsurance statusMedication treatmentExamination SurveyNational HealthUsual sourceAdult Treatment Panel III recommendationsJoint National Committee 7Multivariable logistic regression modelingInsurance coverageSeparate multivariable modelsChronic disease managementLogistic regression modelingHigh-quality careRace/ethnicityCardiovascular diseaseMultivariable modelStratified analysisHypertensionHypercholesterolemiaRegular sourceCareDisease managementIndependent effects
2008
Redefining Quality — Implications of Recent Clinical Trials
Krumholz HM, Lee TH. Redefining Quality — Implications of Recent Clinical Trials. New England Journal Of Medicine 2008, 358: 2537-2539. PMID: 18539915, DOI: 10.1056/nejmp0803740.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchUse of Ezetimibe in the United States and Canada
Jackevicius CA, Tu JV, Ross JS, Ko DT, Krumholz HM. Use of Ezetimibe in the United States and Canada. New England Journal Of Medicine 2008, 358: 1819-1828. PMID: 18375999, DOI: 10.1056/nejmsa0801461.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLipid-lowering agentsLow-density lipoprotein cholesterolLipid-lowering guidelinesRatio of prescriptionsUse of ezetimibeTreatment of hyperlipidemiaStatin useCohort studyLipoprotein cholesterolSecondary preventionStatin prescriptionClinical outcomesPrescribing practicesEzetimibeIMS HealthUnited StatesPrescriptionMonthly numberFirst optionDistinct patterns
2003
Are Statins Indicated for the Primary Prevention of CAD in Octogenarians? Angagonist Viewpoint
Foody JM, Krumholz HM. Are Statins Indicated for the Primary Prevention of CAD in Octogenarians? Angagonist Viewpoint. The American Journal Of Geriatric Cardiology 2003, 12: 357-360. PMID: 14610384, DOI: 10.1111/j.1076-7460.2003.02912.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCoronary artery diseasePrimary preventionArtery diseaseOvert coronary artery diseaseRisk of myositisCardiovascular disease eventsRole of statinsUse of statinsAge 65 yearsBalance of risksCardiovascular eventsStatin therapyPatient preferencesCholesterol levelsCardiovascular diseaseOctogenariansClinical uncertaintyDisease eventsCurrent evidenceStatinsAge groupsDiseasePreventionRiskMyositis
1999
Editorial
Chen YT, Krumholz HM. Editorial. Nutrition 1999, 15: 242-244. PMID: 10198923, DOI: 10.1016/s0899-9007(98)00187-7.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1997
When to start cholesterol-lowering therapy in patients with coronary heart disease. A statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association Task Force on Risk Reduction.
Grundy S, Balady G, Criqui M, Fletcher G, Greenland P, Hiratzka L, Houston-Miller N, Kris-Etherton P, Krumholz H, LaRosa J, Ockene I, Pearson T, Reed J, Smith S, Washington R. When to start cholesterol-lowering therapy in patients with coronary heart disease. A statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association Task Force on Risk Reduction. Circulation 1997, 95: 1683-5. PMID: 9118557, DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.95.6.1683.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnticholesteremic AgentsCardiologyCoronary DiseaseHealth PersonnelHumansRisk FactorsSocieties, MedicalTime FactorsUnited StatesConceptsCholesterol-lowering therapyAggressive cholesterol-lowering therapyAtherosclerotic diseaseCholesterol loweringAmerican Heart Association Task ForceCholesterol-lowering trialsClinical atherosclerotic diseaseFuture coronary eventsHigh-risk patientsSubstantial clinical benefitMajority of patientsCoronary heart diseaseLDL cholesterol loweringPrimary care physiciansBenefits of therapyRisk-reducing treatmentsNonpharmaceutical approachesRecurrent CHDCoronary eventsCare physiciansClinical benefitCholesterol managementClinical managementHeart diseaseCholesterol reduction