Recent Publications

• Binding profiles for 961 Drosophila and C. elegans transcription factors reveal tissue-specific regulatory relationships.Kudron M, Gevirtzman L, Victorsen A, Lear BC, Gao J, Xu J, Samanta S, Frink E, Tran-Pearson A, Huynh C, Vafeados D, Hammonds A, Fisher W, Wall M, Wesseling G, Hernandez V, Lin Z, Kasparian M, White K, Allada R, Gerstein M, Hillier L, Celniker SE, Reinke V, Waterston RH. Genome Res. 2024 Nov 26; 2024 Nov 26. PMID: 39438113.
• The Upstream Sequence Transcription Complex dictates nucleosome positioning and promoter accessibility at piRNA genes in the C. elegans germ line.Paniagua N, Roberts CJ, Gonzalez LE, Monedero-Alonso D, Reinke V. PLoS Genet. 2024 Jul; 2024 Jul 10. PMID: 38985845.
• Characterization of the distribution and dynamics of chromatin states in the C. elegans germline reveals substantial H3K4me3 remodeling during oogenesis.Mazzetto M, Gonzalez LE, Sanchez N, Reinke V. Genome Res. 2024 Feb 7; 2024 Feb 7. PMID: 38164610.
• Binding profiles for 954 Drosophila and C. elegans transcription factors reveal tissue specific regulatory relationships.Kudron M, Gevirtzman L, Victorsen A, Lear BC, Gao J, Xu J, Samanta S, Frink E, Tran-Pearson A, Huynh C, Vafeados D, Hammonds A, Fisher W, Wall M, Wesseling G, Hernandez V, Lin Z, Kasparian M, White K, Allada R, Gerstein M, Hillier L, Celniker SE, Reinke V, Waterston RH. bioRxiv. 2024 Jan 20; 2024 Jan 20. PMID: 38293065.
• The Upstream Sequence Transcription Complex Dictates Nucleosome Positioning and Promoter Accessibility at piRNA Genes in the C. elegans Germ Line.Sanchez N, Gonzalez LE, Reinke V. bioRxiv. 2023 May 12; 2023 May 12. PMID: 37215016.
• The zinc-finger protein OEF-1 stabilizes histone modification patterns and promotes efficient splicing in the Caenorhabditis elegans germline.McManus CE, Mazzetto M, Wei G, Han M, Reinke V. G3 (Bethesda). 2021 Dec 8. PMID: 34519784.
• To mock or not: a comprehensive comparison of mock IP and DNA input for ChIP-seq.Xu J, Kudron MM, Victorsen A, Gao J, Ammouri HN, Navarro FCP, Gevirtzman L, Waterston RH, White KP, Reinke V, Gerstein M. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021 Feb 22. PMID: 33347581.
• Isolated C. elegans germ nuclei exhibit distinct genomic profiles of histone modification and gene expression.Han M, Wei G, McManus CE, Hillier LW, Reinke V. BMC Genomics. 2019 Jun 17; 2019 Jun 17. PMID: 31208332.
• The ModERN Resource: Genome-Wide Binding Profiles for Hundreds of Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans Transcription Factors.Kudron MM, Victorsen A, Gevirtzman L, Hillier LW, Fisher WW, Vafeados D, Kirkey M, Hammonds AS, Gersch J, Ammouri H, Wall ML, Moran J, Steffen D, Szynkarek M, Seabrook-Sturgis S, Jameel N, Kadaba M, Patton J, Terrell R, Corson M, Durham TJ, Park S, Samanta S, Han M, Xu J, Yan KK, Celniker SE, White KP, Ma L, Gerstein M, Reinke V, Waterston RH. Genetics. 2018 Mar; 2017 Dec 28. PMID: 29284660.
• The Germline-Specific Factor OEF-1 Facilitates Coordinated Progression Through Germ Cell Development in Caenorhabditis elegans.McManus CE, Reinke V. Genetics. 2018 Feb; 2017 Nov 22. PMID: 29167199.
• A Systematic RNAi Screen Reveals a Novel Role of a Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Protein BuGZ in Synaptic Transmission in C. elegans.Han M, Zou W, Chang H, Yu Y, Zhang H, Li S, Cheng H, Wei G, Chen Y, Reinke V, Xu T, Kang L. Front Mol Neurosci. 2017; 2017 May 11. PMID: 28553202.
• Identification of an RNA Polymerase III Regulator Linked to Disease-Associated Protein Aggregation.Sin O, de Jong T, Mata-Cabana A, Kudron M, Zaini MA, Aprile FA, Seinstra RI, Stroo E, Prins RW, Martineau CN, Wang HH, Hogewerf W, Steinhof A, Wanker EE, Vendruscolo M, Calkhoven CF, Reinke V, Guryev V, Nollen EA. Mol Cell. 2017 Mar 16. PMID: 28306505.
• The time-resolved transcriptome of C. elegans.Boeck ME, Huynh C, Gevirtzman L, Thompson OA, Wang G, Kasper DM, Reinke V, Hillier LW, Waterston RH. Genome Res. 2016 Oct; 2016 Aug 16. PMID: 27531719.
• A novel small molecule that disrupts a key event during the oocyte-to-embryo transition in C. elegans.Weicksel SE, Mahadav A, Moyle M, Cipriani PG, Kudron M, Pincus Z, Bahmanyar S, Abriola L, Merkel J, Gutwein M, Fernandez AG, Piano F, Gunsalus KC, Reinke V. Development. 2016 Oct 1; 2016 Aug 10. PMID: 27510972.
• Single cell analysis in C. elegans.Reinke V. Genesis. 2016 Apr. PMID: 27099198.
• Corrigendum: Regulatory analysis of the C. elegans genome with spatiotemporal resolution.Araya CL, Kawli T, Kundaje A, Jiang L, Wu B, Vafeados D, Terrell R, Weissdepp P, Gevirtzman L, Mace D, Niu W, Boyle AP, Xie D, Ma L, Murray JI, Reinke V, Waterston RH, Snyder M. Nature. 2015 Dec 3; 2015 Nov 11. PMID: 26560031.
• The C. elegans SNAPc component SNPC-4 coats piRNA domains and is globally required for piRNA abundance.Kasper DM, Wang G, Gardner KE, Johnstone TG, Reinke V. Dev Cell. 2014 Oct 27. PMID: 25373775.
• Comparative analysis of regulatory information and circuits across distant species.Boyle AP, Araya CL, Brdlik C, Cayting P, Cheng C, Cheng Y, Gardner K, Hillier LW, Janette J, Jiang L, Kasper D, Kawli T, Kheradpour P, Kundaje A, Li JJ, Ma L, Niu W, Rehm EJ, Rozowsky J, Slattery M, Spokony R, Terrell R, Vafeados D, Wang D, Weisdepp P, Wu YC, Xie D, Yan KK, Feingold EA, Good PJ, Pazin MJ, Huang H, Bickel PJ, Brenner SE, Reinke V, Waterston RH, Gerstein M, White KP, Kellis M, Snyder M. Nature. 2014 Aug 28. PMID: 25164757.
• Comparative analysis of the transcriptome across distant species.Gerstein MB, Rozowsky J, Yan KK, Wang D, Cheng C, Brown JB, Davis CA, Hillier L, Sisu C, Li JJ, Pei B, Harmanci AO, Duff MO, Djebali S, Alexander RP, Alver BH, Auerbach R, Bell K, Bickel PJ, Boeck ME, Boley NP, Booth BW, Cherbas L, Cherbas P, Di C, Dobin A, Drenkow J, Ewing B, Fang G, Fastuca M, Feingold EA, Frankish A, Gao G, Good PJ, Guigó R, Hammonds A, Harrow J, Hoskins RA, Howald C, Hu L, Huang H, Hubbard TJ, Huynh C, Jha S, Kasper D, Kato M, Kaufman TC, Kitchen RR, Ladewig E, Lagarde J, Lai E, Leng J, Lu Z, MacCoss M, May G, McWhirter R, Merrihew G, Miller DM, Mortazavi A, Murad R, Oliver B, Olson S, Park PJ, Pazin MJ, Perrimon N, Pervouchine D, Reinke V, Reymond A, Robinson G, Samsonova A, Saunders GI, Schlesinger F, Sethi A, Slack FJ, Spencer WC, Stoiber MH, Strasbourger P, Tanzer A, Thompson OA, Wan KH, Wang G, Wang H, Watkins KL, Wen J, Wen K, Xue C, Yang L, Yip K, Zaleski C, Zhang Y, Zheng H, Brenner SE, Graveley BR, Celniker SE, Gingeras TR, Waterston R. Nature. 2014 Aug 28. PMID: 25164755.
• Regulatory analysis of the C. elegans genome with spatiotemporal resolution.Araya CL, Kawli T, Kundaje A, Jiang L, Wu B, Vafeados D, Terrell R, Weissdepp P, Gevirtzman L, Mace D, Niu W, Boyle AP, Xie D, Ma L, Murray JI, Reinke V, Waterston RH, Snyder M. Nature. 2014 Aug 28. PMID: 25164749.
• Insulin/IGF1 signaling inhibits age-dependent axon regeneration.Byrne AB, Walradt T, Gardner KE, Hubbert A, Reinke V, Hammarlund M. Neuron. 2014 Feb 5; 2014 Jan 16. PMID: 24440228.
• Homeland security in the C. elegans germ line: insights into the biogenesis and function of piRNAs.Kasper DM, Gardner KE, Reinke V. Epigenetics. 2014 Jan; 2013 Oct 22. PMID: 24149573.
• C. elegans RNA-binding protein GLD-1 recognizes its multiple targets using sequence, context, and structural information to repress translation.Doh JH, Jung Y, Reinke V, Lee MH. Worm. 2013 Oct 1. PMID: 24744981.
• Transcriptional regulation of gene expression in C. elegans.Reinke V, Krause M, Okkema P. WormBook. 2013 Jun 4; 2013 Jun 4. PMID: 23801596.
• RSR-2, the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of human spliceosomal component SRm300/SRRM2, regulates development by influencing the transcriptional machinery.Fontrodona L, Porta-de-la-Riva M, Morán T, Niu W, Díaz M, Aristizábal-Corrales D, Villanueva A, Schwartz S Jr, Reinke V, Cerón J. PLoS Genet. 2013 Jun; 2013 Jun 6. PMID: 23754964.
• Tissue-specific direct targets of Caenorhabditis elegans Rb/E2F dictate distinct somatic and germline programs.Kudron M, Niu W, Lu Z, Wang G, Gerstein M, Snyder M, Reinke V. Genome Biol. 2013 Jan 23; 2013 Jan 23. PMID: 23347407.
• A genome-scale resource for in vivo tag-based protein function exploration in C. elegans.Sarov M, Murray JI, Schanze K, Pozniakovski A, Niu W, Angermann K, Hasse S, Rupprecht M, Vinis E, Tinney M, Preston E, Zinke A, Enst S, Teichgraber T, Janette J, Reis K, Janosch S, Schloissnig S, Ejsmont RK, Slightam C, Xu X, Kim SK, Reinke V, Stewart AF, Snyder M, Waterston RH, Hyman AA. Cell. 2012 Aug 17. PMID: 22901814.
• Evidence for compensatory upregulation of expressed X-linked genes in mammals, Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster.Deng X, Hiatt JB, Nguyen DK, Ercan S, Sturgill D, Hillier LW, Schlesinger F, Davis CA, Reinke VJ, Gingeras TR, Shendure J, Waterston RH, Oliver B, Lieb JD, Disteche CM. Nat Genet. 2011 Oct 23; 2011 Oct 23. PMID: 22019781.
• SPR-5 is a histone H3K4 demethylase with a role in meiotic double-strand break repair.Nottke AC, Beese-Sims SE, Pantalena LF, Reinke V, Shi Y, Colaiácovo MP. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Aug 2; 2011 Jul 18. PMID: 21768382.
• C. elegans meg-1 and meg-2 differentially interact with nanos family members to either promote or inhibit germ cell proliferation and survival.Kapelle WS, Reinke V. Genesis. 2011 May. PMID: 21305687.
• synMuv B proteins antagonize germline fate in the intestine and ensure C. elegans survival.Petrella LN, Wang W, Spike CA, Rechtsteiner A, Reinke V, Strome S. Development. 2011 Mar. PMID: 21343362.
• Extrinsic and intrinsic control of germ cell proliferation in Caenorhabditis elegans.Waters KA, Reinke V. Mol Reprod Dev. 2011 Mar; 2011 Feb 17. PMID: 21337453.
• The kinase VRK1 is required for normal meiotic progression in mammalian oogenesis.Schober CS, Aydiner F, Booth CJ, Seli E, Reinke V. Mech Dev. 2011 Mar-Apr; 2011 Jan 26. PMID: 21277975.
• Prediction and characterization of noncoding RNAs in C. elegans by integrating conservation, secondary structure, and high-throughput sequencing and array data.Lu ZJ, Yip KY, Wang G, Shou C, Hillier LW, Khurana E, Agarwal A, Auerbach R, Rozowsky J, Cheng C, Kato M, Miller DM, Slack F, Snyder M, Waterston RH, Reinke V, Gerstein MB. Genome Res. 2011 Feb; 2010 Dec 22. PMID: 21177971.
• A spatial and temporal map of C. elegans gene expression.Spencer WC, Zeller G, Watson JD, Henz SR, Watkins KL, McWhirter RD, Petersen S, Sreedharan VT, Widmer C, Jo J, Reinke V, Petrella L, Strome S, Von Stetina SE, Katz M, Shaham S, Rätsch G, Miller DM 3rd. Genome Res. 2011 Feb; 2010 Dec 22. PMID: 21177967.
• Diverse transcription factor binding features revealed by genome-wide ChIP-seq in C. elegans.Niu W, Lu ZJ, Zhong M, Sarov M, Murray JI, Brdlik CM, Janette J, Chen C, Alves P, Preston E, Slightham C, Jiang L, Hyman AA, Kim SK, Waterston RH, Gerstein M, Snyder M, Reinke V. Genome Res. 2011 Feb; 2010 Dec 22. PMID: 21177963.
• A comprehensive analysis of gene expression changes provoked by bacterial and fungal infection in C. elegans.Engelmann I, Griffon A, Tichit L, Montañana-Sanchis F, Wang G, Reinke V, Waterston RH, Hillier LW, Ewbank JJ. PLoS One. 2011; 2011 May 13. PMID: 21602919.
• A widespread distribution of genomic CeMyoD binding sites revealed and cross validated by ChIP-Chip and ChIP-Seq techniques.Lei H, Fukushige T, Niu W, Sarov M, Reinke V, Krause M. PLoS One. 2010 Dec 29; 2010 Dec 29. PMID: 21209968.
• Integrative analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans genome by the modENCODE project.Gerstein MB, Lu ZJ, Van Nostrand EL, Cheng C, Arshinoff BI, Liu T, Yip KY, Robilotto R, Rechtsteiner A, Ikegami K, Alves P, Chateigner A, Perry M, Morris M, Auerbach RK, Feng X, Leng J, Vielle A, Niu W, Rhrissorrakrai K, Agarwal A, Alexander RP, Barber G, Brdlik CM, Brennan J, Brouillet JJ, Carr A, Cheung MS, Clawson H, Contrino S, Dannenberg LO, Dernburg AF, Desai A, Dick L, Dosé AC, Du J, Egelhofer T, Ercan S, Euskirchen G, Ewing B, Feingold EA, Gassmann R, Good PJ, Green P, Gullier F, Gutwein M, Guyer MS, Habegger L, Han T, Henikoff JG, Henz SR, Hinrichs A, Holster H, Hyman T, Iniguez AL, Janette J, Jensen M, Kato M, Kent WJ, Kephart E, Khivansara V, Khurana E, Kim JK, Kolasinska-Zwierz P, Lai EC, Latorre I, Leahey A, Lewis S, Lloyd P, Lochovsky L, Lowdon RF, Lubling Y, Lyne R, MacCoss M, Mackowiak SD, Mangone M, McKay S, Mecenas D, Merrihew G, Miller DM 3rd, Muroyama A, Murray JI, Ooi SL, Pham H, Phippen T, Preston EA, Rajewsky N, Rätsch G, Rosenbaum H, Rozowsky J, Rutherford K, Ruzanov P, Sarov M, Sasidharan R, Sboner A, Scheid P, Segal E, Shin H, Shou C, Slack FJ, Slightam C, Smith R, Spencer WC, Stinson EO, Taing S, Takasaki T, Vafeados D, Voronina K, Wang G, Washington NL, Whittle CM, Wu B, Yan KK, Zeller G, Zha Z, Zhong M, Zhou X, Ahringer J, Strome S, Gunsalus KC, Micklem G, Liu XS, Reinke V, Kim SK, Hillier LW, Henikoff S, Piano F, Snyder M, Stein L, Lieb JD, Waterston RH. Science. 2010 Dec 24; 2010 Dec 22. PMID: 21177976.
• Genome-wide analysis of germ cell proliferation in C.elegans identifies VRK-1 as a key regulator of CEP-1/p53.Waters K, Yang AZ, Reinke V. Dev Biol. 2010 Aug 15; 2010 Jun 23. PMID: 20599896.
• Comparison and calibration of transcriptome data from RNA-Seq and tiling arrays.Agarwal A, Koppstein D, Rozowsky J, Sboner A, Habegger L, Hillier LW, Sasidharan R, Reinke V, Waterston RH, Gerstein M. BMC Genomics. 2010 Jun 17; 2010 Jun 17. PMID: 20565764.
• Learning "graph-mer" motifs that predict gene expression trajectories in development.Li X, Panea C, Wiggins CH, Reinke V, Leslie C. PLoS Comput Biol. 2010 Apr 29; 2010 Apr 29. PMID: 20454681.
• Genome-wide identification of binding sites defines distinct functions for Caenorhabditis elegans PHA-4/FOXA in development and environmental response.Zhong M, Niu W, Lu ZJ, Sarov M, Murray JI, Janette J, Raha D, Sheaffer KL, Lam HY, Preston E, Slightham C, Hillier LW, Brock T, Agarwal A, Auerbach R, Hyman AA, Gerstein M, Mango SE, Kim SK, Waterston RH, Reinke V, Snyder M. PLoS Genet. 2010 Feb 19; 2010 Feb 19. PMID: 20174564.
• C. elegans sym-1 is a downstream target of the hunchback-like-1 developmental timing transcription factor.Niwa R, Hada K, Moliyama K, Ohniwa RL, Tan YM, Olsson-Carter K, Chi W, Reinke V, Slack FJ. Cell Cycle. 2009 Dec 15; 2009 Dec 9. PMID: 19923914.
• Protein kinase VRK-1 regulates cell invasion and EGL-17/FGF signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans.Klerkx EP, Alarcón P, Waters K, Reinke V, Sternberg PW, Askjaer P. Dev Biol. 2009 Nov 1; 2009 Aug 11. PMID: 19679119.
• DPL-1 (DP) acts in the germ line to coordinate ovulation and fertilization in C. elegans.Chi W, Reinke V. Mech Dev. 2009 May-Jun; 2009 Feb 6. PMID: 19368797.
• A C. elegans LSD1 demethylase contributes to germline immortality by reprogramming epigenetic memory.Katz DJ, Edwards TM, Reinke V, Kelly WG. Cell. 2009 Apr 17. PMID: 19379696.
• Germline expression influences operon organization in the Caenorhabditis elegans genome.Reinke V, Cutter AD. Genetics. 2009 Apr; 2009 Feb 9. PMID: 19204375.
• Massively parallel sequencing of the polyadenylated transcriptome of C. elegans.Hillier LW, Reinke V, Green P, Hirst M, Marra MA, Waterston RH. Genome Res. 2009 Apr; 2009 Jan 30. PMID: 19181841.
• Gene regulation: a tale of germline mRNA tails.Reinke V. Curr Biol. 2008 Oct 14. PMID: 18957237.
• C. elegans nucleostemin is required for larval growth and germline stem cell division.Kudron MM, Reinke V. PLoS Genet. 2008 Aug 22; 2008 Aug 22. PMID: 18725931.
• Protection of specific maternal messenger RNAs by the P body protein CGH-1 (Dhh1/RCK) during Caenorhabditis elegans oogenesis.Boag PR, Atalay A, Robida S, Reinke V, Blackwell TK. J Cell Biol. 2008 Aug 11. PMID: 18695045.
• A C. elegans Piwi, PRG-1, regulates 21U-RNAs during spermatogenesis.Wang G, Reinke V. Curr Biol. 2008 Jun 24; 2008 May 22. PMID: 18501605.
• The candidate MAP kinase phosphorylation substrate DPL-1 (DP) promotes expression of the MAP kinase phosphatase LIP-1 in C. elegans germ cells.Lin B, Reinke V. Dev Biol. 2008 Apr 1; 2008 Jan 8. PMID: 18304523.
• DEPS-1 promotes P-granule assembly and RNA interference in C. elegans germ cells.Spike CA, Bader J, Reinke V, Strome S. Development. 2008 Mar; 2008 Jan 30. PMID: 18234720.
• MEG-1 and MEG-2 are embryo-specific P-granule components required for germline development in Caenorhabditis elegans.Leacock SW, Reinke V. Genetics. 2008 Jan. PMID: 18202375.
• Regulation of developmental rate and germ cell proliferation in Caenorhabditis elegans by the p53 gene network.Derry WB, Bierings R, van Iersel M, Satkunendran T, Reinke V, Rothman JH. Cell Death Differ. 2007 Apr; 2006 Dec 22. PMID: 17186023.
• Think globally, act locally.Reinke V. Nat Genet. 2007 Mar. PMID: 17325676.
• p38 MAPK regulates expression of immune response genes and contributes to longevity in C. elegans.Troemel ER, Chu SW, Reinke V, Lee SS, Ausubel FM, Kim DH. PLoS Genet. 2006 Nov 10; 2006 Sep 11. PMID: 17096597.
• Expression profiling of MAP kinase-mediated meiotic progression in Caenorhabditis elegans.Leacock SW, Reinke V. PLoS Genet. 2006 Nov 10. PMID: 17096596.
• MES-4: an autosome-associated histone methyltransferase that participates in silencing the X chromosomes in the C. elegans germ line.Bender LB, Suh J, Carroll CR, Fong Y, Fingerman IM, Briggs SD, Cao R, Zhang Y, Reinke V, Strome S. Development. 2006 Oct. PMID: 16968818.
• Promotion of oogenesis and embryogenesis in the C. elegans gonad by EFL-1/DPL-1 (E2F) does not require LIN-35 (pRB).Chi W, Reinke V. Development. 2006 Aug; 2006 Jul 19. PMID: 16854972.
• Germline genomics.Reinke V. WormBook. 2006 Jan 20; 2006 Jan 20. PMID: 18050476.
• Genome-wide analysis of sex-enriched gene expression during C. elegans larval development.Thoemke K, Yi W, Ross JM, Kim S, Reinke V, Zarkower D. Dev Biol. 2005 Aug 15. PMID: 15987632.
• Regulation of tissue-specific and extracellular matrix-related genes by a class I histone deacetylase.Whetstine JR, Ceron J, Ladd B, Dufourcq P, Reinke V, Shi Y. Mol Cell. 2005 May 13. PMID: 15893731.
• New genes with roles in the C. elegans embryo revealed using RNAi of ovary-enriched ORFeome clones.Fernandez AG, Gunsalus KC, Huang J, Chuang LS, Ying N, Liang HL, Tang C, Schetter AJ, Zegar C, Rual JF, Hill DE, Reinke V, Vidal M, Piano F. Genome Res. 2005 Feb. PMID: 15687288.
• Sex and the genome.Reinke V. Nat Genet. 2004 Jun. PMID: 15167926.
• GermOnline, a cross-species community knowledgebase on germ cell differentiation.Wiederkehr C, Basavaraj R, Sarrauste de Menthière C, Hermida L, Koch R, Schlecht U, Amon A, Brachat S, Breitenbach M, Briza P, Caburet S, Cherry M, Davis R, Deutschbauer A, Dickinson HG, Dumitrescu T, Fellous M, Goldman A, Grootegoed JA, Hawley R, Ishii R, Jégou B, Kaufman RJ, Klein F, Lamb N, Maro B, Nasmyth K, Nicolas A, Orr-Weaver T, Philippsen P, Pineau C, Rabitsch KP, Reinke V, Roest H, Saunders W, Schröder M, Schedl T, Siep M, Villeneuve A, Wolgemuth DJ, Yamamoto M, Zickler D, Esposito RE, Primig M. Nucleic Acids Res. 2004 Jan 1. PMID: 14681481.
• Genome-wide germline-enriched and sex-biased expression profiles in Caenorhabditis elegans.Reinke V, Gil IS, Ward S, Kazmer K. Development. 2004 Jan; 2003 Dec 10. PMID: 14668411.