Publications

2026

Discovering repurposable drugs for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias: target trial emulation using decentralised real-world data
Wu Q, Li L, Lei Y, Zhou T, Tang H, Zhang B, Lu Y, Salvatore M, Zhang D, Tong J, Wang T, Chen S, Li H, Xu Z, Huang Y, Hu Y, Hong N, Zhou Y, Lin F, O’Brien K, Chen Y, Li R, Xu H, Wang F, Bian J, Wolk D, Chen Y. Discovering repurposable drugs for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias: target trial emulation using decentralised real-world data. EBioMedicine 2026, 132: 106466. PMID: 42697072, PMCID: PMC13572180, DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2026.106466.
Peer-Reviewed Original Research
Trends in Thrombolysis in Stroke (2015–2024)
Wright D, Wira C, Jeffery M, de Havenon A, Melnick E, Sangal R. Trends in Thrombolysis in Stroke (2015–2024). Academic Emergency Medicine 2026, 33: e70407. PMID: 42677826, PMCID: PMC13531473, DOI: 10.1111/acem.70407.
Peer-Reviewed Original Research
Toward federated large language models in medicine: a parameter-efficient framework for privacy-preserving, multi-institutional adaptation
Li A, Chen Y, Long W, Yin Y, Hu Y, Kim H, Zhou W, Zhou Y, Peng H, Ren Y, Ai X, Qin Z, Hu M, Li X, Yu H, Tham Y, Ohno-Machado L, Xu H, Chen Q. Toward federated large language models in medicine: a parameter-efficient framework for privacy-preserving, multi-institutional adaptation. Npj Digital Medicine 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-026-03064-9.
Peer-Reviewed Original Research
Diagnostic accuracy of large language models for rare diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Nguyen M, Yang C, Cassini T, Ma F, Hamid R, Bastarache L, Peterson J, Xu H, Li L, Ma S, Shyr C. Diagnostic accuracy of large language models for rare diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Npj Digital Medicine 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-026-03109-z.
Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus Statements
CiteSure: retrieval-augmented large language models for faithful biomedical citation recommendation
Xie Q, Zhang J, Wang Y, Huang J, Lin F, Weng R, Chen Q, Xu H. CiteSure: retrieval-augmented large language models for faithful biomedical citation recommendation. Journal Of The American Medical Informatics Association 2026, ocag122. PMID: 42551844, DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocag122.
Peer-Reviewed Original Research
PDA (Privacy-Preserving Distributed Algorithms) in action: ten principles for high-quality multi-site clinical evidence generation
Chen Y, Tong J, Lu Y, Duan R, Luo C, Suchard M, Ryan P, Williams A, Holmes J, Moore J, Xu H, Lu Y, Carroll R, Zeger S, Hripcsak G, Schuemie M. PDA (Privacy-Preserving Distributed Algorithms) in action: ten principles for high-quality multi-site clinical evidence generation. Journal Of The American Medical Informatics Association 2026, 33: 1636-1648. PMID: 42440280, PMCID: PMC13580733, DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocag119.
Peer-Reviewed Original Research
MeSH Keywords
Memorization in large language models in medicine prevalence characteristics and implications
Li A, Qian L, Du M, Yin Y, Hu Y, Sun Z, Fu Y, Kim H, Stutz E, Ai X, Xie Q, Zhu R, Huang J, Yang Y, Liu S, Tham Y, Ohno-Machado L, Cho H, Lu Z, Xu H, Chen Q. Memorization in large language models in medicine prevalence characteristics and implications. Nature Communications 2026, 17: 7729. PMID: 42315854, PMCID: PMC13434820, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-73779-6.
Peer-Reviewed Original Research
This study systematically examined what large language models memorize when adapted for medicine, how frequently memorization occurs, how much content is retained, and how it may affect downstream medical applications.
Full Summary
Evolution of LLMs for Clinical Information Extraction: A Comparative Study of GPT and Llama Models
Keloth V, Ren Y, Bhattarai K, Xu H. Evolution of LLMs for Clinical Information Extraction: A Comparative Study of GPT and Llama Models. 2026, 00: 167-173. DOI: 10.1109/ichi69079.2026.00032.
Peer-Reviewed Original Research
Impact of an Ambient AI Scribe on Medical Student Objective Structured Clinical Examination Notes: Nonrandomized Clinical Trial
Talwalkar J, Wright D, Schwamm L, Leydon G, Shabanova V. Impact of an Ambient AI Scribe on Medical Student Objective Structured Clinical Examination Notes: Nonrandomized Clinical Trial. JMIR Medical Education 2026, 12: e88264. PMID: 42125891, PMCID: PMC13273210, DOI: 10.2196/88264.
Peer-Reviewed Original Research
This study investigates the impact of an AI scribe on medical student clinical notes, showing little effect on note quality overall but potential benefits for lower-performing students.
Full Summary
Ambient AI Scribes to Create Educational Feedback Notes for Medical Students: Randomized Trial
Talwalkar J, Chartash D, Zhang L, Makutonin M, Safranek C, Sidamon-Eristoff A, Schwamm L, Wright D. Ambient AI Scribes to Create Educational Feedback Notes for Medical Students: Randomized Trial. JMIR Medical Education 2026, 12: e89996. PMID: 42208058, PMCID: PMC13218648, DOI: 10.2196/89996.
Peer-Reviewed Original Research
MeSH Keywords
Ambient AI Scribes to Create Educational Feedback Notes for Medical Students: A Randomized Trial.
Talwalkar JS, Chartash D, Zhang L, Makutonin M, Safranek CW, Sidamon-Eristoff AE, Schwamm LH, Wright DS. Ambient AI Scribes to Create Educational Feedback Notes for Medical Students: A Randomized Trial. JMIR Med Educ 2026 PMID: 42052923, DOI: 10.2196/89996.
Peer-Reviewed Original Research
This study investigates how ambient AI scribes enhance written feedback quality for medical students, finding improved narrative detail without increasing instructor effort, despite usability challenges.
Full Summary
Geographic variation in eligibility and uptake of GLP-1 receptor agonists for obesity in US adults
Jian X, Kang B, Zhang B, Tang H, Xu H, Chen Y, Lu Y. Geographic variation in eligibility and uptake of GLP-1 receptor agonists for obesity in US adults. American Journal Of Preventive Cardiology 2026, 29: 101653. PMID: 42403442, PMCID: PMC13329512, DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2026.101653.
Peer-Reviewed Original Research
High-Risk Medication Prescriptions Among Older Adults Discharged from the Emergency Department
Iscoe M, Sangal R, Hwang U, Fried T, Meeker D, Conner T, Gettel C, Follman S, Wright D, Venkatesh A. High-Risk Medication Prescriptions Among Older Adults Discharged from the Emergency Department. JAMA Internal Medicine 2026, 186: 483-486. PMID: 41661555, PMCID: PMC12887836, DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.7883.
Peer-Reviewed Original Research
This study investigates high-risk medication prescribing for older adults discharged from emergency departments, showing 6.5% receive potentially inappropriate medications, highlighting opportunities for safer practices.
Full Summary
Artificial Intelligence-Empowered Multimodal Learning in Psychiatry: A Scoping Review
Li F, Li P, Bhandarkar A, Huo N, Raja K, Hong N, Kumar R, Altalib H, Lu Y, Wang T, Lei Y, Jin K, Li H, Cao W, Oesterle T, Chen Y, Tao C, Xu H. Artificial Intelligence-Empowered Multimodal Learning in Psychiatry: A Scoping Review. Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience And Neuroimaging 2026, s2451-9022(26)00086-8. PMID: 41921663, PMCID: PMC13377839, DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.03.013.
Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus Statements
A birth certificate for data to improve findability, accountability, and traceability
Li R, Das A, Yang Y, Li Z, Hong N, Xu H, Martone M, Zheng W. A birth certificate for data to improve findability, accountability, and traceability. NAR Genomics And Bioinformatics 2026, 8: lqag037. PMID: 41972008, PMCID: PMC13069677, DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqag037.
Peer-Reviewed Original Research
MeSH Keywords
Biomedical multimodal large language models: From model-centric development to clinically grounded evaluation and integration
Bian J, Peng Y, Mendonca E, Banerjee I, Xu H. Biomedical multimodal large language models: From model-centric development to clinically grounded evaluation and integration. Journal Of Biomedical Informatics 2026, 177: 105023. PMID: 41903641, PMCID: PMC13329790, DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2026.105023.
Commentaries, Editorials and Letters
Correction: Real-World Evidence Synthesis of Digital Scribes Using Ambient Listening and Generative Artificial Intelligence for Clinician Documentation Workflows: Rapid Review
Kanaparthy N, Villuendas-Rey Y, Bakare T, Diao Z, Iscoe M, Loza A, Wright D, Safranek C, Faustino I, Brackett A, Melnick E, Taylor R. Correction: Real-World Evidence Synthesis of Digital Scribes Using Ambient Listening and Generative Artificial Intelligence for Clinician Documentation Workflows: Rapid Review. JMIR AI 2026, 5: e93250. PMID: 41824620, PMCID: PMC12986773, DOI: 10.2196/93250.
Commentaries, Editorials and Letters
GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Prescriptions for Adolescents With Obesity and Associated Disparities
Kim C, Sharifi M, Ross J, Chen Y, Xu H, Krumholz H, Lu Y. GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Prescriptions for Adolescents With Obesity and Associated Disparities. JAMA Pediatrics 2026, 180: 334-336. PMID: 41557442, PMCID: PMC12820773, DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.5708.
Peer-Reviewed Original Research
Threading the needle: Practical considerations for merging theory-driven computational psychiatry with data-driven analytics to enhance precision health at scale
Cheng A, Konova A, Powers A, Corlett P, Levy I, Gu X, Huys Q, Pushkarskaya H, Fineberg S, Hauser T, Chase H, Bzdok D, Harpaz-Rotem I, Babuscio T, Nichols L, Zhao Y, Sharma M, Meeker D, Xu H, Rutledge R, Pearlson G, Pittenger C, Yip S. Threading the needle: Practical considerations for merging theory-driven computational psychiatry with data-driven analytics to enhance precision health at scale. Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience And Neuroimaging 2026, s2451-9022(26)00053-4. PMID: 41763489, PMCID: PMC13406240, DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.02.009.
Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus Statements
Simulated evaluation of large language model stepwise diagnostic reasoning with real-world chest pain encounters and Bayesian networks
Safranek C, Socrates V, Wright D, Huang T, Alashi A, McCann K, Taylor R, Chartash D. Simulated evaluation of large language model stepwise diagnostic reasoning with real-world chest pain encounters and Bayesian networks. BMC Medical Informatics And Decision Making 2026, 26: 97. PMID: 41735989, PMCID: PMC13037032, DOI: 10.1186/s12911-026-03381-9.
Peer-Reviewed Original Research
MeSH Keywords
A suite of large language models for public health infoveillance
Zhou X, Zhou J, Wang C, Xie Q, Ding K, Mao C, Liu Y, Cao Z, Chu H, Chen X, Xu H, Larson H, Luo Y. A suite of large language models for public health infoveillance. Npj Digital Medicine 2026, 9: 270. PMID: 41731011, PMCID: PMC13039744, DOI: 10.1038/s41746-026-02435-6.
Peer-Reviewed Original Research
CancerLLM: a large language model in cancer domain
Li M, Zhan Z, Huang J, Yeung J, Ding K, Blaes A, Johnson S, Liu H, Xu H, Zhang R. CancerLLM: a large language model in cancer domain. Npj Digital Medicine 2026, 9: 266. PMID: 41720895, PMCID: PMC13036061, DOI: 10.1038/s41746-026-02441-8.
Peer-Reviewed Original Research
Leveraging multi-modal foundation models for analysing spatial multi-omic and histopathology data
Liu T, Huang T, Ding T, Wu H, Humphrey P, Perincheri S, Schalper K, Ying R, Xu H, Zou J, Mahmood F, Zhao H. Leveraging multi-modal foundation models for analysing spatial multi-omic and histopathology data. Nature Biomedical Engineering 2026, 10: 1714-1731. PMID: 41644824, DOI: 10.1038/s41551-025-01602-6.
Peer-Reviewed Original Research
This study presents spEMO, an AI framework integrating histopathology images and spatial multi-omics data to improve biological discovery, disease prediction, and medical reporting.
Full Summary
Hootation: A GUI and API library for ontology validation and verbalization
Amith M, Hao X, Manuel W, Li M, Rao S, Roberts K, Xu H, Gong Y, Manion F, Tao C, Cui L. Hootation: A GUI and API library for ontology validation and verbalization. 2024 IEEE 18th International Conference On Semantic Computing (ICSC) 2026, 00: 128-132. PMID: 42179940, PMCID: PMC13191566, DOI: 10.1109/icsc67292.2026.00025.
Peer-Reviewed Original Research
Information extraction from clinical notes: are we ready to switch to large language models?
Hu Y, Zuo X, Zhou Y, Peng X, Huang J, Keloth V, Zhang V, Weng R, Shyr C, Chen Q, Jiang X, Roberts K, Xu H. Information extraction from clinical notes: are we ready to switch to large language models? Journal Of The American Medical Informatics Association 2026, 33: 553-562. PMID: 41533750, PMCID: PMC12981642, DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocaf213.
Peer-Reviewed Original Research
MeSH Keywords

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