1997
Immunolocalization of the Na+–Ca2+ exchanger in mammalian myelinated axons
Steffensen I, Waxman S, Mills L, Stys P. Immunolocalization of the Na+–Ca2+ exchanger in mammalian myelinated axons. Brain Research 1997, 776: 1-9. PMID: 9439790, DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(97)00868-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOptic nerveSpinal cordDorsal root axonsSciatic nerve sectionRat optic nerveCentral myelinated axonsCardiac type IFiner processesSimilar staining patternNerve sectionDorsal columnsSciatic nerveFrozen cryostat sectionsAnoxic injuryAxonal profilesImmunofluorescence labeling techniqueMyelinated axonsCell bodiesCryostat sectionsImportant mediatorAxonal localizationMammalian axonsNerveAxonsStaining pattern
1991
Tea‐sensitive potassium channels and inward rectification in regenerated rat sciatic nerve
Gardon T, Kocsis J, Waxman S. Tea‐sensitive potassium channels and inward rectification in regenerated rat sciatic nerve. Muscle & Nerve 1991, 14: 640-646. PMID: 1922170, DOI: 10.1002/mus.880140707.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCompound action potentialRat sciatic nerveNerve crushRegenerated axonsSciatic nerveRegenerated nervesInward rectificationIntra-axonal recording techniquesAdult rat sciatic nerveTEA-sensitive potassium channelsPotassium channelsRegenerated rat sciatic nerveSucrose gap recordingsSciatic nerve crushPeripheral nerve axonsWhole nerve recordingsIntra-axonal recordingsVoltage-sensitive sodium channelsCrush injuryNormal nervesSensitive relaxationRepetitive stimulationAfterhyperpolarizationGap recordingsNerve recordingsDifferential sensitivity to hypoxia of the peripheral versus central trajectory of primary afferent axons
Utzschneider D, Kocsis J, Waxman S. Differential sensitivity to hypoxia of the peripheral versus central trajectory of primary afferent axons. Brain Research 1991, 551: 136-141. PMID: 1913145, DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(91)90924-k.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDorsal columnsDorsal rootsAfferent fibersCentral nervous system componentsPrimary afferent fibersSucrose gap chamberAction potential amplitudePrimary afferent axonsCompound action potentialDorsal spinal rootsNervous system componentsAxonal trunksPeripheral nervesSpinal cordSpinal rootsAfferent axonsCNS portionSchwann cellsAdult ratsPotential amplitudeAxon branchesAction potentialsHypoxiaMembrane potential changesMembrane depolarization
1990
Depolarization-dependent actions of dihydropyridines on synaptic transmission in the in vitro rat hippocampus
O'Regan M, Kocsis J, Waxman S. Depolarization-dependent actions of dihydropyridines on synaptic transmission in the in vitro rat hippocampus. Brain Research 1990, 527: 181-191. PMID: 1701335, DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(90)91136-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH Keywords3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl esterAnimalsCaffeineDihydropyridinesEvoked PotentialsFemaleHippocampusIn Vitro TechniquesLightMembrane PotentialsNeuronsNifedipineNimodipinePerfusionPotassiumPyramidal TractsRatsRats, Inbred StrainsSynapsesSynaptic TransmissionConceptsBay K 8644Synaptic transmissionDepressant actionIntracellular recordingsModerate membrane depolarizationMembrane depolarizationHippocampal brain slicesNormal Krebs solutionField potential responsesDepolarization-dependent increaseField potential analysisCA1 neuronsPresynaptic locusHippocampal slicesKrebs solutionPostsynaptic componentsPostsynaptic responsesPyramidal cellsNeuronal excitabilityRat hippocampusBrain slicesDirect depolarizationSpike thresholdDHP effectField potentialsTrophic influence of the distal nerve segment on GABAA receptor expression in axotomized adult sensory neurons
Bhisitkul R, Kocsis J, Gordon T, Waxman S. Trophic influence of the distal nerve segment on GABAA receptor expression in axotomized adult sensory neurons. Experimental Neurology 1990, 109: 273-278. PMID: 2170161, DOI: 10.1016/s0014-4886(05)80017-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDistal nerve segmentsGamma-aminobutyric acidNerve segmentsSciatic nerveReceptor expressionSensory neuronsTrophic supportGABAA receptor agonist muscimolDorsal root ganglion neuronsAxotomized sensory neuronsReactive Schwann cellsGABAA receptor expressionAdult sensory neuronsReceptor agonist muscimolExpression of receptorsPeripheral target tissuesGABA receptor expressionDorsal root fibersGABA receptor sensitivityEnd organ innervationPostoperative dayNerve crushNerve transectionCrush siteDistal stump
1989
Pharmacological sensitivities of two afterhyperpolarizations in rat optic nerve
Gordon T, Kocsis J, Waxman S. Pharmacological sensitivities of two afterhyperpolarizations in rat optic nerve. Brain Research 1989, 502: 252-257. PMID: 2555026, DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(89)90620-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH Keywords4-AminopyridineAnimalsFemaleMembrane PotentialsNeural InhibitionOptic NerveRatsRats, Inbred StrainsTetraethylammonium CompoundsConceptsRat optic nerveOptic nerveEarly afterhyperpolarizationPharmacological sensitivityAction potentialsPeak latencyAction potential broadeningConstant current depolarizationSucrose gap chamberPotassium channel blockerLate afterhyperpolarizationChannel blockersRepetitive stimulationAfterhyperpolarizationNervePotassium conductanceSucrose gapTetraethylammoniumPotential broadeningCurrent depolarizationDepolarizationDurationApaminBlockersCharybdotoxin
1988
Evidence for the presence of two types of potassium channels in the rat optic nerve
Gordon T, Kocsis J, Waxman S. Evidence for the presence of two types of potassium channels in the rat optic nerve. Brain Research 1988, 447: 1-9. PMID: 2454699, DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(88)90959-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRat optic nervePostspike positivityOptic nerveAction potential waveformPotassium channelsAction potential broadeningSingle-fiber recordingsRepetitive firing patternsAction potential repolarizationTEA-sensitive channelsDistinct potassium channelsPotential waveformPronounced afterhyperpolarizationFiber recordingsWhole nerveIntracellular hyperpolarizationGap recordingsRepetitive firingMyelinated axonsNerveAction potentialsPotential repolarizationAfterhyperpolarizationFiring patternsProlonged depolarization
1987
Filipin-cholesterol binding in CNS axons prior to myelination: evidence for microheterogeneity in premyelinated axolemma
Fields R, Black J, Waxman S. Filipin-cholesterol binding in CNS axons prior to myelination: evidence for microheterogeneity in premyelinated axolemma. Brain Research 1987, 404: 21-32. PMID: 3567567, DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(87)91351-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchChapter 11 Rules governing membrane reorganization and axon—glial interactions during the development of myelinated fibers
Waxman S. Chapter 11 Rules governing membrane reorganization and axon—glial interactions during the development of myelinated fibers. Progress In Brain Research 1987, 71: 121-141. PMID: 3588937, DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61819-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMacromolecular structure of the Schwann cell membrane Perinodal microvilli
Waxman S, Black J. Macromolecular structure of the Schwann cell membrane Perinodal microvilli. Journal Of The Neurological Sciences 1987, 77: 23-34. PMID: 3806135, DOI: 10.1016/0022-510x(87)90203-6.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1986
Remodelling of internodes in regenerated rat sciatic nerve: Electron microscopic observations
Hildebrand C, Mustafa G, Waxman S. Remodelling of internodes in regenerated rat sciatic nerve: Electron microscopic observations. Brain Cell Biology 1986, 15: 681-692. PMID: 3819776, DOI: 10.1007/bf01625187.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsMicroscopy, ElectronNerve RegenerationRatsRats, Inbred StrainsSciatic NerveTime FactorsConceptsRegenerated rat sciatic nerveRat sciatic nerveSciatic nerveSchwann cellsMyelin sheathRegenerated myelin sheathsRegenerated nerve segmentsSchwann cell networkLeft sciatic nerveSchwann cell cytoplasmMyelin sheath breakdownNodes of RanvierCrush lesionNerve segmentsSurvival periodUpper thighAdult ratsSurvival timeNerveInternodal shorteningImportant physiological implicationsMonthsLipid dropletsLamellated bodiesExtensive remodellingMammalian optic nerve fibers display two pharmacologically distinct potassium channels
Kocsis J, Gordon T, Waxman S. Mammalian optic nerve fibers display two pharmacologically distinct potassium channels. Brain Research 1986, 383: 357-361. PMID: 2429732, DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(86)90040-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOptic nerve fibersNerve fibersDistinct potassium channelsPotassium channelsRat optic nerve fibersNerve action potentialsAction potential characteristicsAction potential repolarizationTEA-sensitive channelsIntracellular hyperpolarizationAction potentialsPotential repolarizationSuction electrodeTetraethylammoniumPotential characteristicsRepolarizationPositivityA quantitative study of developing axons and glia following altered gliogenesis in rat optic nerve
Black J, Waxman S, Ransom B, Feliciano M. A quantitative study of developing axons and glia following altered gliogenesis in rat optic nerve. Brain Research 1986, 380: 122-135. PMID: 2428420, DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(86)91436-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAge FactorsAnimalsAxonsAzacitidineCell CountCell DivisionMicroscopy, ElectronNerve Fibers, MyelinatedNeurogliaOptic NerveRatsRats, Inbred StrainsConceptsRat optic nerveOptic nerve volumeNormal optic nervesOptic nerveNerve volumeTotal glial cellsNerve cross sectionsGlial cellsMyelinated fibersAxonal diameterAge-matched control tissueNeonatal rat optic nerveOptic nerve cross sectionsConcomitant marked reductionProgenitor cellsNumber of oligodendrogliaAge-matched controlsGlial cell developmentDays of ageEnsheathed axonsSystemic injectionNerveAstrocytic lineageControl tissuesGliaDifferent effects of 4-aminopyridine on sensory and motor fibers: pathogenesis of paresthesias.
Kocsis J, Bowe C, Waxman S. Different effects of 4-aminopyridine on sensory and motor fibers: pathogenesis of paresthesias. Neurology 1986, 36: 117-20. PMID: 3001584, DOI: 10.1212/wnl.36.1.117.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1985
Myelin sheath remodelling in regenerated rat sciatic nerve
Hildebrand C, Kocsis J, Berglund S, Waxman S. Myelin sheath remodelling in regenerated rat sciatic nerve. Brain Research 1985, 358: 163-170. PMID: 2416385, DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(85)90960-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRat sciatic nerveSciatic nerveRegenerated nervesAdult rat sciatic nerveRegenerated rat sciatic nerveNormal control nervesLight microscopic examinationAction potential waveformCrush lesionMonths survivalNerve segmentsControl nervesSame nerveIndividual nervesNerve fibersNerveShort sheathMyelin layersMyelin sheathPotassium channelsMicroscopic examinationAxo-glial relations in the retina-optic nerve junction of the adult rat: freeze-fracture observations on axon membrane structure
Black J, Waxman S, Hildebrand C. Axo-glial relations in the retina-optic nerve junction of the adult rat: freeze-fracture observations on axon membrane structure. Brain Cell Biology 1985, 14: 887-907. PMID: 3831245, DOI: 10.1007/bf01224803.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMembrane structure of vesiculotubular complexes in developing axons in rat optic nerve: freeze—fracture evidence for sequential membrane assembly
Waxman S, Black J. Membrane structure of vesiculotubular complexes in developing axons in rat optic nerve: freeze—fracture evidence for sequential membrane assembly. Proceedings Of The Royal Society B 1985, 225: 357-363. PMID: 2865731, DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1985.0066.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAxo-glial relations in the retina-optic nerve junction of the adult rat: electron-microscopic observations
Hildebrand C, Remahl S, Waxman S. Axo-glial relations in the retina-optic nerve junction of the adult rat: electron-microscopic observations. Brain Cell Biology 1985, 14: 597-617. PMID: 4067610, DOI: 10.1007/bf01200800.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAxonsCell CountMicroscopy, ElectronMyelin SheathNerve Fibers, MyelinatedNeurogliaOptic NerveRatsRats, Inbred StrainsRetinaRetinal Ganglion CellsConceptsNerve junctionAdult ratsAstrocytic processesDeficient blood-brain barrierEctopic Schwann cellsFibrous astrocytic processesBlood-brain barrierAxo-glial contactsMyelination of axonsNumerous pinocytotic vesiclesTypical oligodendrocytesGlial ensheathmentGlial cellsUnmyelinated segmentsGlia limitansSchwann cellsUnmyelinated axonsWide perivascular spacesPia materPerivascular spacesOligodendroglial cellsDeficient proliferationUnmyelinated partMyelin sheathSame axonDorsal-ventral differences in the glia limitans of the spinal cord: an ultrastructural study in developing normal and irradiated rats.
Sims T, Gilmore S, Waxman S, Klinge E. Dorsal-ventral differences in the glia limitans of the spinal cord: an ultrastructural study in developing normal and irradiated rats. Journal Of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology 1985, 44: 415-29. PMID: 4009209, DOI: 10.1097/00005072-198507000-00005.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAnimals, NewbornLumbosacral RegionRatsRats, Inbred StrainsSpinal CordTime FactorsConceptsLumbosacral spinal cordGlia limitansDays postnatalSpinal cordSubpial astrocytesRat lumbosacral spinal cordRadial glial processesDorsal-ventral differencesDorsal funiculusNormal ratsVentral surfaceSchwann cellsPostnatal ratsRadial gliaGlial processesRatsAstrocytesCordUltrastructural studyGreater numberLimitansNormal developmentGreater degreeGliaPostnatalRat optic nerve: Disruption of gliogenesis with 5-azacytidine during early postnatal development
Ransom B, Yamate C, Black J, Waxman S. Rat optic nerve: Disruption of gliogenesis with 5-azacytidine during early postnatal development. Brain Research 1985, 337: 41-49. PMID: 2408709, DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(85)91607-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAnimals, NewbornAzacitidineElectrophysiologyEvoked Potentials, VisualMyelin SheathNeurogliaOptic NerveRatsRats, Inbred StrainsConceptsOptic nerveGlial cellsOptic nerve axonsRat optic nerveCompound action potentialEarly postnatal developmentDays of ageOlder nervesNeonatal treatmentBrain extracellular spaceNeuroglial interactionsElectrophysiological studiesNervePostnatal developmentAction potentialsNerve axonsExcitability propertiesMarked reductionMyelin formationGliogenesisMitotic inhibitorsIonic homeostasisExtracellular spaceAgeAnimals