2018
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals microglia-like cells in cerebrospinal fluid during virologically suppressed HIV
Farhadian SF, Mehta SS, Zografou C, Robertson K, Price RW, Pappalardo J, Chiarella J, Hafler DA, Spudich SS. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals microglia-like cells in cerebrospinal fluid during virologically suppressed HIV. JCI Insight 2018, 3: e121718. PMID: 30232286, PMCID: PMC6237230, DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121718.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCerebrospinal fluidHIV infectionImmune activationAntiretroviral therapyNeuronal injuryCentral nervous system immune activationLong-term suppressive antiretroviral therapySingle-cell RNA sequencingCNS immune activationDisease-associated microgliaSuppressive antiretroviral therapyImmune cell subsetsMicroglia-like cellsGene expression signaturesNeuronal damageNeuroinflammatory diseasesRNA sequencingCell subsetsCNS cellsNeurological conditionsRare subsetNeurocognitive impairmentMyeloid cellsCellular subsetsInfection
2016
Immune activation in the central nervous system throughout the course of HIV infection
Spudich SS. Immune activation in the central nervous system throughout the course of HIV infection. Current Opinion In HIV And AIDS 2016, 11: 226-233. PMID: 26760827, PMCID: PMC4773903, DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000243.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCombination antiretroviral therapyImmune activationAntiretroviral therapySuppressive combination antiretroviral therapyLong-term neurologic sequelaeCentral nervous system responseCNS immune activationFeatures of homeostasisPersistent immune activationBrain microglial cellsCervical lymph nodesCentral nervous systemSustained immune responseNervous system responsesImmune surveillance networkNeurologic sequelaeAcute infectionHIV infectionLymph nodesActivation associatesMicroglial cellsChronic infectionCNS cellsImmune responseCerebrospinal fluid
2015
Neuropathogenesis of HIV: From Initial Neuroinvasion to HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)
Zayyad Z, Spudich S. Neuropathogenesis of HIV: From Initial Neuroinvasion to HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND). Current HIV/AIDS Reports 2015, 12: 16-24. PMID: 25604237, PMCID: PMC4741099, DOI: 10.1007/s11904-014-0255-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV-Associated Neurocognitive DisordersCentral nervous systemCombination antiretroviral therapyNeurocognitive disordersTissue reservoirsInitial viral entryTargets of infectionCourse of infectionEarly-stage infectionHIV eradicationAntiretroviral therapyHIV neuropathogenesisSevere immunosuppressionClinical symptomsHIV replicationHIV epidemicLocal infectionCNS cellsPathological involvementPathogenetic processSevere formNervous systemNeurological diseasesAdvanced stageHIV