A Review of the Toxicity of Ingredients in e-Cigarettes, Including Those Ingredients Having the FDA’s “Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS)” Regulatory Status for Use in Food
Kassem N, Strongin R, Stroup A, Brinkman M, El-Hellani A, Erythropel H, Etemadi A, Exil V, Goniewicz M, Kassem N, Klupinski T, Liles S, Muthumalage T, Noël A, Peyton D, Wang Q, Rahman I, Valerio L. A Review of the Toxicity of Ingredients in e-Cigarettes, Including Those Ingredients Having the FDA’s “Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS)” Regulatory Status for Use in Food. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2024, 26: 1445-1454. PMID: 38783714, PMCID: PMC11494494, DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntae123.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchExtract Manufacturers AssociationE-cigarettesE-cigarette productsFood ingredientsFood additivesPrevalence of e-cigarette useGRAS substancesGRASE-liquidsE-cigarette useFoodIngredientsE-cigarette toxicityEvidence of adverse effectsProduct ingredientsToxicity of ingredientsE-liquid ingredientsDrug and Cosmetic ActOral consumptionRegulatory statusElectronic cigarettesChemical compoundsToxicological evaluationProduct labelsRefill liquids