2024
Sniffing out meaning: Chemosensory and semantic neural network changes in sommeliers
Carreiras M, Quiñones I, Chen H, Vázquez‐Araujo L, Small D, Frost R. Sniffing out meaning: Chemosensory and semantic neural network changes in sommeliers. Human Brain Mapping 2024, 45: e26564. PMID: 38339911, PMCID: PMC10823763, DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26564.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNeural circuitsFractional anisotropyRight superior longitudinal fasciculusSuperior longitudinal fasciculusRelevant sensory inputNeural network changesBrain responsesSemantic narrativesSemantic knowledgeMediation analysisPerceptual informationOlfactory circuitsLongitudinal fasciculusSensory processingChemosensory processingSensory neural circuitsVerbal descriptionsSemantic networkWine complexitySensory inputSemantic operationsWine tastingWine consumersTasting wineWine
2021
Post-traumatic olfactory loss and brain response beyond olfactory cortex
Pellegrino R, Farruggia MC, Small DM, Veldhuizen MG. Post-traumatic olfactory loss and brain response beyond olfactory cortex. Scientific Reports 2021, 11: 4043. PMID: 33597627, PMCID: PMC7889874, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83621-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPosterior cingulate cortexOlfactory impairmentOlfactory cortexFunctional anosmiaPost-traumatic olfactory lossPrimary olfactory areasWhole-brain responsesBrain responsesGray matter densityHigher-order areasOlfactory lossPiriform cortexHead traumaHealthy controlsOlfactory areasOdorless stimuliOlfactory functionMediodorsal thalamusCortical areasVentromedial prefrontal cortexCingulate cortexFrontal operculumCortexAnterior insulaPrefrontal cortex
2020
Circulating Triglycerides Gate Dopamine-Associated Behaviors through DRD2-Expressing Neurons
Berland C, Montalban E, Perrin E, Di Miceli M, Nakamura Y, Martinat M, Sullivan M, Davis XS, Shenasa MA, Martin C, Tolu S, Marti F, Caille S, Castel J, Perez S, Salinas CG, Morel C, Hecksher-Sørensen J, Cador M, Fioramonti X, Tschöp MH, Layé S, Venance L, Faure P, Hnasko TS, Small DM, Gangarossa G, Luquet SH. Circulating Triglycerides Gate Dopamine-Associated Behaviors through DRD2-Expressing Neurons. Cell Metabolism 2020, 31: 773-790.e11. PMID: 32142669, PMCID: PMC7250662, DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.02.010.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDopamine receptor subtype 2Lipoprotein lipaseReceptor subtype 2Energy-rich dietDopaminergic transmissionMesocorticolimbic systemDietary triglyceridesSubtype 2Reward deficitsReward circuitMetabolic signaturesWeight gainCompulsive feedingFood cuesTriglyceridesGenetic riskBrain responsesNew mechanistic basisCompulsive behaviorsNeuronsNovel mechanismMechanistic basisDysfunction
2018
Sweet taste potentiates the reinforcing effects of e-cigarettes
Kroemer NB, Veldhuizen MG, Delvy R, Patel BP, O'Malley SS, Small DM. Sweet taste potentiates the reinforcing effects of e-cigarettes. European Neuropsychopharmacology 2018, 28: 1089-1102. PMID: 30093174, DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.07.102.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2017
Integration of Sweet Taste and Metabolism Determines Carbohydrate Reward
Veldhuizen MG, Babbs RK, Patel B, Fobbs W, Kroemer NB, Garcia E, Yeomans MR, Small DM. Integration of Sweet Taste and Metabolism Determines Carbohydrate Reward. Current Biology 2017, 27: 2476-2485.e6. PMID: 28803868, PMCID: PMC5745144, DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.07.018.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCaloric loadGreater metabolic responseNon-linear associationMetabolic responseSugar-sweetened beveragesBrain responsesLow-calorie beveragesHigh-calorie beveragesNon-nutritive sweetenersGreater brain responsePost-ingestive signalsHuman studiesSweet tasteNutrient metabolismCarbohydrate metabolismNovel mechanismBeveragesPotencyAssociationMetabolismCarbohydrate rewards
2016
Micturition Drive is Associated with Decreased Brain Response to Palatable Milkshake in the Human Anterior Insular Cortex
Gao X, Sun X, Veldhuizen M, Nakamura Y, Kroemer N, Small D. Micturition Drive is Associated with Decreased Brain Response to Palatable Milkshake in the Human Anterior Insular Cortex. Chemosensory Perception 2016, 9: 174-181. DOI: 10.1007/s12078-016-9215-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAnterior insular cortexInsular cortexInsular responsesMagnetic resonance imaging studyBrain responsesResonance imaging studyFunctional magnetic resonance imaging studyPalatable milkshakeConclusionThis findingSmall bolusImaging studiesCortexVisceral representationMilkshakePrevious reportsInteroceptive informationTime participantsResponseBolusFuel not fun: Reinterpreting attenuated brain responses to reward in obesity
Kroemer NB, Small DM. Fuel not fun: Reinterpreting attenuated brain responses to reward in obesity. Physiology & Behavior 2016, 162: 37-45. PMID: 27085908, PMCID: PMC4971522, DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.04.020.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFood-related stimuliBrain responsesReward-related learningReward sensitivityReward deficiencyReduced reward sensitivityPrimary food rewardReward receiptMilkshake receiptStriatal responsesReward deficitsFood rewardSubjective valueReinforcement learning frameworkRewardDopamine signalingFood anticipationDorsal striatumAnhedoniaAnticipatoryDopaminergic regionsStimuliConsummatory responsesAlternative viewLearningPerceptual and Brain Response to Odors Is Associated with Body Mass Index and Postprandial Total Ghrelin Reactivity to a Meal
Sun X, Veldhuizen MG, Babbs AE, Sinha R, Small DM. Perceptual and Brain Response to Odors Is Associated with Body Mass Index and Postprandial Total Ghrelin Reactivity to a Meal. Chemical Senses 2016, 41: 233-248. PMID: 26826114, PMCID: PMC4850930, DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjv081.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBody mass indexMass indexHealthy weight subjectsBrain responsesFunctional magnetic resonance imagingMagnetic resonance imagingGhrelin suppressionWeight subjectsMetabolic healthFree fatty acidsMetabolic measuresAnimal studiesBody weightResonance imagingOlfactory-guided behaviorDifferential brain responsesEndocrine influencesChemosensory stimuliMetabolic peptidesMetabolic responseOlfactory sensitivityHuman researchInconsistent resultsMealFatty acids
2015
Weighing the evidence: Variance in brain responses to milkshake receipt is predictive of eating behavior
Kroemer NB, Sun X, Veldhuizen MG, Babbs AE, de Araujo IE, Small DM. Weighing the evidence: Variance in brain responses to milkshake receipt is predictive of eating behavior. NeuroImage 2015, 128: 273-283. PMID: 26724781, DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.12.031.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBrain responsesHigher body mass indexAd libitum food consumptionBody mass indexGreater weight lossNucleus Accumbens ResponseFunctional magnetic resonanceMilkshake receiptMass indexPlasma insulinPlasma glucoseMetabolic parametersDietary disinhibitionStriatal activityVariable response patternsWeight lossFood stimuliMetabolic responseSensory stimuliFood consumptionIntra-individual variationVariable responseMilkshakeMagnetic resonanceResponse patterns
2014
The neural signature of satiation is associated with ghrelin response and triglyceride metabolism
Sun X, Veldhuizen MG, Wray AE, de Araujo IE, Sherwin RS, Sinha R, Small DM. The neural signature of satiation is associated with ghrelin response and triglyceride metabolism. Physiology & Behavior 2014, 136: 63-73. PMID: 24732416, PMCID: PMC4195817, DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.04.017.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPalatable foodMeal terminationBrain responsesAd libitum mealPost-prandial reductionMedial orbitofrontal cortexDorsolateral prefrontal cortexGhrelin responseAcute changesFree fatty acidsPeripheral signalsTriglyceride metabolismBrain regionsBrain circuitsOrbitofrontal cortexPrefrontal cortexAmount of foodGhrelinMidbrainMilkshakeTriglyceridesCortexFatty acidsEnergy storesGreater attenuation
2013
Verbal descriptors influence hypothalamic response to low-calorie drinks
Veldhuizen MG, Nachtigal DJ, Flammer LJ, de Araujo IE, Small DM. Verbal descriptors influence hypothalamic response to low-calorie drinks. Molecular Metabolism 2013, 2: 270-280. PMID: 24049739, PMCID: PMC3773823, DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2013.06.004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMetabolic Regulation of Brain Response to Food Cues
de Araujo IE, Lin T, Veldhuizen MG, Small DM. Metabolic Regulation of Brain Response to Food Cues. Current Biology 2013, 23: 878-883. PMID: 23643837, PMCID: PMC3767438, DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.04.001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDecreased caudate response to milkshake is associated with higher body mass index and greater impulsivity
Babbs RK, Sun X, Felsted J, Chouinard-Decorte F, Veldhuizen MG, Small DM. Decreased caudate response to milkshake is associated with higher body mass index and greater impulsivity. Physiology & Behavior 2013, 121: 103-111. PMID: 23562867, PMCID: PMC3731396, DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.03.025.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBody mass indexCaudate responseMass indexCaudate nucleusBrain responsesHigher body mass indexWeight gainHealthy weight subjectsTasteless control solutionEnergy-dense foodsSelf-reported impulsivityWeight subjectsNegative associationVentral putamenDorsal striatumFood rewardDense foodsSignificant associationInverse correlationMilkshakeOverweightGreater impulsivityMeasures of impulsivityGreater responseAssociationNeural Correlates of Stress- and Food Cue–Induced Food Craving in Obesity Association with insulin levels
Jastreboff AM, Sinha R, Lacadie C, Small DM, Sherwin RS, Potenza MN. Neural Correlates of Stress- and Food Cue–Induced Food Craving in Obesity Association with insulin levels. Diabetes Care 2013, 36: 394-402. PMID: 23069840, PMCID: PMC3554293, DOI: 10.2337/dc12-1112.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFood cuesFood cravingsStress cuesBrain responsesSubjective food cravingsFavorite-food cuesBrain regionsInsulin levelsNeural correlatesBrain activationHOMA-IRObese individualsInsulin sensitivityFood motivationNeural activityFunctional MRICuesCravingHOMA-IR levelsNeurocircuitryLean subjectsInsulin resistanceLean individualsObesity associationHypothalamic regions
2012
Altered hypothalamic response to food in smokers 1 , 2 , 3
Geha PY, Aschenbrenner K, Felsted J, O'Malley SS, Small DM. Altered hypothalamic response to food in smokers 1 , 2 , 3. American Journal Of Clinical Nutrition 2012, 97: 15-22. PMID: 23235196, PMCID: PMC3522134, DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.043307.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsWeight changeBrain responsesFunctional MRILong-term weight changeAltered brain responsesTasteless control solutionMilk shakeEnergy-dense foodsGroup of ageSmoking statusSmoking cessationSmoking influencesHypothalamic responseNonsmokersSmokersVentral striatumWeight gainBMIHypothalamusGreater responseResponseFoodStudy 1ThalamusGroupThe effect of verbal context on olfactory neural responses
Bensafi M, Croy I, Phillips N, Rouby C, Sezille C, Gerber J, Small DM, Hummel T. The effect of verbal context on olfactory neural responses. Human Brain Mapping 2012, 35: 810-818. PMID: 23225581, PMCID: PMC6869804, DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22215.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMidbrain response to milkshake correlates with ad libitum milkshake intake in the absence of hunger
Nolan-Poupart S, Veldhuizen MG, Geha P, Small DM. Midbrain response to milkshake correlates with ad libitum milkshake intake in the absence of hunger. Appetite 2012, 60: 168-174. PMID: 23064394, PMCID: PMC3526000, DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.09.032.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAbsence of hungerFunctional magnetic resonance imagingSubsequent intakeRatings of hungerPeriaqueductal gray regionMidbrain responsesMagnetic resonance imagingKey reward regionsPalatable milkshakeSignificant positive associationPalatable foodResonance imagingInsular responsesOrbitofrontal cortexNeural circuitsGreater intakeMilkshake consumptionIntakeReward regionsBrain responsesEnhanced responseMilkshakePositive associationMidbrainGray regionNeuroimaging the interaction of mind and metabolism in humans
D’Agostino A, Small DM. Neuroimaging the interaction of mind and metabolism in humans. Molecular Metabolism 2012, 1: 10-20. PMID: 24024114, PMCID: PMC3757655, DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2012.06.002.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchFunctional magnetic resonance imagingParticular mental processesNeural circuitsInteraction of mindFood cuesMental processesBrain responsesNeural responsesPsychological stateFunctional neuroimagingNeuroimaging techniquesDecision-making processMagnetic resonance imagingHormonal factorsCuesResonance imagingNeuroimagingMetabolic signalsMindHormonal signalsDesireSatietyBehaviorIntakeResponseAcute stress potentiates brain response to milkshake as a function of body weight and chronic stress
Rudenga KJ, Sinha R, Small DM. Acute stress potentiates brain response to milkshake as a function of body weight and chronic stress. International Journal Of Obesity 2012, 37: 309-316. PMID: 22430303, PMCID: PMC3381866, DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2012.39.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBody mass indexFunctional magnetic resonance imagingChronic stressOrbitofrontal cortexRight amygdalaBody weightPalatable foodAcute stressBasal cortisol levelsBrain responsesAmygdala responseMagnetic resonance imagingStress-related eatingMilkshake receiptPalatable milkshakeObese womenOverweight womenMass indexRight amygdala responseOFC responsesPotentiates responsesCortisol levelsLeft amygdalaResonance imagingVentral striatumFood and drug cues activate similar brain regions: A meta-analysis of functional MRI studies
Tang D, Fellows L, Small D, Dagher A. Food and drug cues activate similar brain regions: A meta-analysis of functional MRI studies. Physiology & Behavior 2012, 106: 317-324. PMID: 22450260, DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.03.009.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSmoking cuesOrbital frontal cortexNeutral cuesFood cuesVisual foodBlood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) responseBrain regionsSimilar brain regionsBilateral orbital frontal cortexActivation likelihood estimationFrontal cortexFunctional MRI studyLevel-dependent responsesBrain imaging studiesNeuro-imaging studiesDrug cuesImaging studiesInsula activationSubjective cravingConditioned cuesIncentive salienceBrain responsesBilateral insulaBrain networksLeft amygdala