2024
Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance in Children and Adolescents: Linking Glucose and Free Fatty Acid Metabolism to Hepatic Injury Markers
Bonet J, Weiss R, Galderisi A, Man C, Caprio S, Santoro N. Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance in Children and Adolescents: Linking Glucose and Free Fatty Acid Metabolism to Hepatic Injury Markers. AJP Endocrinology And Metabolism 2024 PMID: 39503461, DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00270.2024.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchImpaired glucose toleranceInsulin sensitivity indexAlanine transaminaseInsulin resistanceFree fatty acid metabolismInsulin sensitivityP<10<sup>-6</sup>Years of follow-upMeasurement of liver function testsLiver function testsFree fatty acidsAdipose tissue insulin resistanceAdipose tissue insulin sensitivityHepatic injury markersPlasma alanine transaminaseEstimated insulin sensitivity indexTissue insulin sensitivityMann-Whitney testTissue insulin resistanceType 2 diabetesDevelopment of insulin resistanceProgression of insulin resistanceOral minimal modelCardiometabolic complicationsInsulin-resistant statesObesity, Growth, Development, Metabolic Disorder, and Insulin Resistance in Pediatrics
Santoro N, Galderisi A, Caprio S. Obesity, Growth, Development, Metabolic Disorder, and Insulin Resistance in Pediatrics. 2024, vol1:608-vol1:616. DOI: 10.1201/9781003437734-70.ChaptersNonalcoholic fatty liver diseaseType 2 diabetesInsulin resistanceAdolescent obesityAssociated with precocious pubertyDevelopment of prediabetesCardiometabolic risk factorsPathogenesis of insulin resistanceFatty liver diseasePrecocious pubertyClinical peculiaritiesPediatric obesityLiver diseaseRisk factorsGlobal health challengeMetabolic disordersObesityFatty liverPathological complicationsPotential mechanismsInsulinHealth challengesChildrenComplicationsDyslipidemia
2023
Obesity, Growth, Development, Metabolic Disorder, and Insulin Resistance in Pediatrics
Santoro N, Galderisi A, Caprio S. Obesity, Growth, Development, Metabolic Disorder, and Insulin Resistance in Pediatrics. 2023, 608-616. DOI: 10.1201/9781003437673-70.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchNonalcoholic fatty liver diseaseType 2 diabetesInsulin resistanceAdolescent obesityCardiometabolic risk factorsMajor global health challengeFatty liver diseaseDevelopment of prediabetesGlobal health challengeClinical peculiaritiesFatty liverLiver diseasePediatric obesityRisk factorsPrecocious pubertyMetabolic disordersPathological complicationsObesityHealth challengesPsychosocial conditionsPotential mechanismsDiabetesEarly ageChildrenDyslipidemiaAlterations in Adipose Tissue Distribution, Cell Morphology, and Function Mark Primary Insulin Hypersecretion in Youth With Obesity
Tricò D, Chiriacò M, Nouws J, Vash-Margita A, Kursawe R, Tarabra E, Galderisi A, Natali A, Giannini C, Hellerstein M, Ferrannini E, Caprio S. Alterations in Adipose Tissue Distribution, Cell Morphology, and Function Mark Primary Insulin Hypersecretion in Youth With Obesity. Diabetes 2023, 73: 941-952. PMID: 37870826, PMCID: PMC11109779, DOI: 10.2337/db23-0450.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPrimary insulin hypersecretionΒ-cell glucose sensitivityAdipose tissue distributionInsulin hypersecretionInsulin resistanceGlucose toleranceUnfavorable metabolic phenotypeWorse glucose toleranceLeptin serum levelsAbnormal glucose toleranceTissue distributionExcessive insulin secretionHigher leptin levelsVisceral fat depotsNon-diabetic adolescentsEuglycemic hyperinsulinemic clampWhole-body adiposityAbdominal subcutaneous adipocytesBody weight gainGlucose sensitivityPrimary hypersecretionGlucose intoleranceSerum levelsLeptin levelsChronic hyperinsulinemia
2022
Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance Is Not Associated With Changes in the Degree of Obesity in Children and Adolescents
Halloun R, Galderisi A, Caprio S, Weiss R. Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance Is Not Associated With Changes in the Degree of Obesity in Children and Adolescents. The Journal Of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2022, 108: 1053-1060. PMID: 36469736, PMCID: PMC10306082, DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac700.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAdipose tissue insulin resistanceDegree of obesityTissue insulin resistanceWhole-body insulin sensitivityTissue insulin sensitivityInsulin resistanceInsulin sensitivityMultivariate analysisSecondary analysisBody mass index z-scorePediatric weight management clinicOral glucose tolerance testInsulin sensitivity/resistanceSkeletal muscle insulin resistanceFree fatty acid concentrationsWeight management clinicGlucose tolerance testMain outcome measuresDevelopment of obesityIndex z-scoreCarbohydrate-insulin modelMuscle insulin resistanceSensitivity/resistanceManagement clinicTolerance testSGLT2i Improves Glycemic Control in Patients With Congenital Severe Insulin Resistance.
Galderisi A, Tamborlane W, Taylor SI, Attia N, Moretti C, Barbetti F. SGLT2i Improves Glycemic Control in Patients With Congenital Severe Insulin Resistance. Pediatrics 2022, 150 PMID: 35652305, DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-055671.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRabson-Mendenhall syndromeGlycemic controlHemoglobin A1cRenal calcium excretionInsulin-resistant diabetesSevere insulin resistanceCalcium excretionUrinary calciumAntidiabetic treatmentDay doseDose escalationSecond patientFirst patientInsulin levelsInsulin resistanceUrinary excretionSerum glucosePatientsEmpagliflozinMild increaseDapagliflozinΒ-hydroxybutyrateTarget rangeA1CExcretionA low n‐6 to n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio diet improves hyperinsulinaemia by restoring insulin clearance in obese youth
Tricò D, Galderisi A, Van Name MA, Caprio S, Samuels S, Li Z, Galuppo BT, Savoye M, Mari A, Feldstein AE, Santoro N. A low n‐6 to n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio diet improves hyperinsulinaemia by restoring insulin clearance in obese youth. Diabetes Obesity And Metabolism 2022, 24: 1267-1276. PMID: 35297549, PMCID: PMC9177628, DOI: 10.1111/dom.14695.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOral glucose tolerance testΒ-cell glucose sensitivityInsulin clearanceΒ-cell functionObese youthInsulin secretionRatio dietGlucose-dependent insulin secretionAbdominal magnetic resonance imagingWhole-body insulin sensitivityImpaired insulin clearancePostload insulin levelsWorse metabolic profileGlucose tolerance testHepatic fat contentDietary-induced changesGlucose sensitivityMagnetic resonance imagingInsulin levelsHepatic fatInsulin resistancePlasma insulinTolerance testInsulin sensitivityC-peptide
2021
Relation of glomerular filtration to insulin resistance and related risk factors in obese children
Magen D, Halloun R, Galderisi A, Caprio S, Weiss R. Relation of glomerular filtration to insulin resistance and related risk factors in obese children. International Journal Of Obesity 2021, 46: 374-380. PMID: 34725443, DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-01001-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGlomerular filtration rateInsulin sensitivityObese childrenInsulin resistanceBlood pressureFiltration rateRisk factorsWhole-body insulin sensitivityChildhood insulin resistanceFuture kidney diseaseRelation of eGFRSignificant renal morbiditySpectrum of obesityCardiovascular risk factorsPresence of microalbuminuriaSystolic blood pressureRelated risk factorsHepatic insulin sensitivityBody insulin sensitivityObjectiveChildhood obesityRenal morbidityClinical outcomesGlucose toleranceMale sexKidney diseaseMetabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in pre-pubertal children with psoriasis
Caroppo F, Galderisi A, Ventura L, Belloni Fortina A. Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in pre-pubertal children with psoriasis. European Journal Of Pediatrics 2021, 180: 1739-1745. PMID: 33483797, PMCID: PMC8105196, DOI: 10.1007/s00431-020-03924-w.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPre-pubertal childrenMetabolic syndromeInsulin resistanceMetabolic diseasesMetabolic syndrome risk factorsSingle-center prospective studyHomeostatic model assessmentAge-specific percentilesCardiometabolic comorbiditiesChildhood psoriasisProspective studyRisk factorsHigh prevalencePsoriasisModel assessmentSyndromePrevalenceLimited dataYoung childrenChildrenAdultsDiseaseComorbiditiesHOMADiagnosis
2020
Fatty liver, irrespective of ethnicity, is associated with reduced insulin clearance and insulin resistance in obese youths
Trico D, Galderisi A, Galuppo B, Pierpont B, Samuels S, Santoro N, Caprio S. Fatty liver, irrespective of ethnicity, is associated with reduced insulin clearance and insulin resistance in obese youths. Endocrine Abstracts 2020 DOI: 10.1530/endoabs.70.aep256.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchIntrahepatic fat, irrespective of ethnicity, is associated with reduced endogenous insulin clearance and hepatic insulin resistance in obese youths: A cross‐sectional and longitudinal study from the Yale Pediatric NAFLD cohort
Tricò D, Galderisi A, Mari A, Polidori D, Galuppo B, Pierpont B, Samuels S, Santoro N, Caprio S. Intrahepatic fat, irrespective of ethnicity, is associated with reduced endogenous insulin clearance and hepatic insulin resistance in obese youths: A cross‐sectional and longitudinal study from the Yale Pediatric NAFLD cohort. Diabetes Obesity And Metabolism 2020, 22: 1628-1638. PMID: 32363679, PMCID: PMC8174801, DOI: 10.1111/dom.14076.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHepatic insulin resistance indexNon-alcoholic fatty liver diseaseEndogenous insulin clearanceInsulin secretion rateInsulin clearanceHepatic insulin resistanceObese youthInsulin resistanceOral glucose tolerance testIntrahepatic fat accumulationIntrahepatic fat contentReduced insulin clearanceInsulin resistance indexFatty liver diseaseGlucose tolerance testWaist-hip ratioIntrahepatic lipid accumulationHepatic insulin sensitivityPlasma glucose levelsMulti-ethnic cohortC-peptide dataNAFLD cohortIntrahepatic fatLiver diseaseInsulin levels
2019
Chapter 11 Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Type 2 Diabetes Pathophysiologic Links and Potential Implications
Galderisi A, Martino M, Santoro N. Chapter 11 Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Type 2 Diabetes Pathophysiologic Links and Potential Implications. 2019, 91-99. DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-55138-0.00011-5.BooksNonalcoholic fatty liver diseaseFatty liver diseaseType 2 diabetesLiver diseasePediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver diseasePathophysiology of NAFLDEnd-stage liver diseaseIndependent risk factorPathophysiologic linkCommon complicationSimple steatosisPediatric obesityInsulin resistanceRisk factorsType 2Disease severityDiseaseDiabetesWide spectrumComplicationsPotential implicationsSteatosisObesityPathophysiologySeverity
2018
Ethnicity and Common Genetic Variants Modulate Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Metabolic Phenotype in Obese Youth
TRICO D, CAPRIO S, UMANO G, GALDERISI A, MATA M, NOUWS J, PIERPONT B, KIM G, SANTORO N. Ethnicity and Common Genetic Variants Modulate Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Metabolic Phenotype in Obese Youth. Diabetes 2018, 67 DOI: 10.2337/db18-313-or.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchNonalcoholic fatty liver diseasePediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver diseaseType 2 diabetesInsulin resistanceObese adolescentsInsulin sensitivityPrevalence of NAFLDHigher C-peptide levelsOral glucose tolerance testAfrican AmericansC-peptide levelsHigh fasting glucoseFatty liver diseaseGlucose tolerance testLower insulin sensitivityMajor risk factorZ-score BMIHepatic fat contentStrongest predictorCommon gene variantsFasting GlucoseNAFLD developmentGlucose toleranceLiver diseaseTolerance test
2015
Case Report: When an Induced Illness Looks Like a Rare Disease
Rabbone I, Galderisi A, Tinti D, Ignaccolo M, Barbetti F, Cerutti F. Case Report: When an Induced Illness Looks Like a Rare Disease. Pediatrics 2015, 136: e1361-e1365. PMID: 26438710, DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-4165.Peer-Reviewed Case Reports and Technical NotesConceptsC-peptide valuesRabson-Mendenhall syndromeHypoglycemic episodesC-peptideInsulin secretagoguesConsecutive diagnostic testsPrevious hospital admissionsPlasma insulin levelsSevere insulin resistanceInsulin receptorChildren 4 yearsFactitious hypoglycemiaHospital admissionInsulin levelsInsulin resistancePlasma insulinClinical historyDiagnostic challengeInsulin injectionsDiagnostic pathwayAdditional drugsNeurodevelopmental delayCommon causeRare disorderRare disease
2013
Six cases with severe insulin resistance (SIR) associated with mutations of insulin receptor: Is a Bartter-like syndrome a feature of congenital SIR?
Grasso V, Colombo C, Favalli V, Galderisi A, Rabbone I, Gombos S, Bonora E, Massa O, Meschi F, Cerutti F, Iafusco D, Bonfanti R, Monciotti C, Barbetti F. Six cases with severe insulin resistance (SIR) associated with mutations of insulin receptor: Is a Bartter-like syndrome a feature of congenital SIR? Acta Diabetologica 2013, 50: 951-957. PMID: 23824322, DOI: 10.1007/s00592-013-0490-x.Peer-Reviewed Case Reports and Technical NotesConceptsSevere insulin resistanceRabson-Mendenhall syndromeDonohue syndromePatient 3Insulin resistanceAbsence of hypertensionGene mutationsINSR mutationsInsulin receptor gene mutationsBartter-like syndromeBartter syndrome type IIReceptor gene mutationsYear of birthSevere hirsutismClinical featuresFifth patientPotassium supplementationAcanthosis nigricansHyperreninemic hyperaldosteronismRenal abnormalitiesCongenital syndromePatientsPubertal femalesSyndromeINSR gene