2023
Conditional Astrocyte Rac1KO Attenuates Hyperreflexia after Spinal Cord Injury
Benson C, Olson K, Patwa S, Kauer S, King J, Waxman S, Tan A. Conditional Astrocyte Rac1KO Attenuates Hyperreflexia after Spinal Cord Injury. Journal Of Neuroscience 2023, 44: e1670222023. PMID: 37963762, PMCID: PMC10851682, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1670-22.2023.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSpinal cord injuryRate-dependent depressionΑ-motor neuronsGlutamate transporter 1Dendritic spine dysgenesisCord injurySpine dysgenesisDevelopment of SCIMild contusion spinal cord injuryAstrocytic glutamate transporter 1Glial-specific glutamate transporterContusion spinal cord injuryTransporter 1Development of hyperreflexiaMonosynaptic H-reflexDendritic spine densityPre-injury levelSpinal reflex circuitsVentral spinal cordReflex hyperexcitabilityHyperexcitability disordersFunctional recoveryGlutamate clearanceH-reflexVentral hornIncreased astrocytic GLT-1 expression in tripartite synapses is associated with SCI-induced hyperreflexia
Benson C, King J, Kauer S, Waxman S, Tan A. Increased astrocytic GLT-1 expression in tripartite synapses is associated with SCI-induced hyperreflexia. Journal Of Neurophysiology 2023, 130: 1358-1366. PMID: 37877184, PMCID: PMC10972632, DOI: 10.1152/jn.00234.2023.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSpinal cord injuryRate-dependent depressionTripartite synapsesGLT-1Astrocytic GLT-1 expressionChronic neurological complicationsGLT-1 expressionAstrocyte involvementChronic spasticityUninjured shamsNeurological complicationsNeuropathic painHyperexcitability disordersH-reflexPSD-95 proteinReactive astrocytesVentral hornCord injuryMuscle toneAstrocytes' roleSpinal cordSpinal circuitsSynaptic transmissionHyperreflexiaSpasticity
2021
Conditional RAC1 knockout in motor neurons restores H-reflex rate-dependent depression after spinal cord injury
Benson CA, Olson KL, Patwa S, Reimer ML, Bangalore L, Hill M, Waxman SG, Tan AM. Conditional RAC1 knockout in motor neurons restores H-reflex rate-dependent depression after spinal cord injury. Scientific Reports 2021, 11: 7838. PMID: 33837249, PMCID: PMC8035187, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87476-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSpinal cord injuryDendritic spine dysgenesisMotor neuronsSpine dysgenesisSCI animalsHyperexcitability disordersCord injurySpinal alpha motor neuronsVentral horn motor neuronsAbnormal dendritic spine morphologyRac1 knockoutH-reflex pathwayRate-dependent depressionAlpha motor neuronsDevelopment of spasticityAdeno-associated viralMushroom dendritic spinesSpine head sizeOverall spine lengthDendritic spine morphologyRac1 protein expressionNeuronal hyperexcitabilityMajor complicationsClinical symptomsReflex excitability
2016
Dendritic spine remodeling following early and late Rac1 inhibition after spinal cord injury: evidence for a pain biomarker
Zhao P, Hill M, Liu S, Chen L, Bangalore L, Waxman SG, Tan AM. Dendritic spine remodeling following early and late Rac1 inhibition after spinal cord injury: evidence for a pain biomarker. Journal Of Neurophysiology 2016, 115: 2893-2910. PMID: 26936986, PMCID: PMC4922610, DOI: 10.1152/jn.01057.2015.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSpinal cord injuryNeuropathic painDendritic spine dysgenesisDendritic spinesCord injurySpine dysgenesisDorsal horn neuronsSpine profilesDendritic spine remodelingEffective clinical translationSensory dysfunctionSignificant complicationsNociceptive systemPain biomarkersSpine remodelingClinical conditionsPreclinical studiesRac1 activityEffective treatmentPainDrug responsivenessStructural biomarkersDisease statesRac1 inhibitionBiomarkers
2014
Dendritic spine dysgenesis contributes to hyperreflexia after spinal cord injury
Bandaru SP, Liu S, Waxman SG, Tan AM. Dendritic spine dysgenesis contributes to hyperreflexia after spinal cord injury. Journal Of Neurophysiology 2014, 113: 1598-1615. PMID: 25505110, PMCID: PMC4346729, DOI: 10.1152/jn.00566.2014.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAminoquinolinesAnimalsDendritic SpinesH-ReflexMaleMotor NeuronsPyrimidinesRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyReflex, AbnormalSpinal Cord InjuriesConceptsSpinal cord injuryLevel of injuryH-reflexCord injuryStretch reflexDendritic spinesSpinal cord motor systemSpine morphologyContusion spinal cord injuryExaggerated tendon jerksSpinal cord contributesRate-dependent depressionSpine profilesDendritic spine dysgenesisΑ-motor neuronsH-reflex testingTonic stretch reflexVelocity-dependent increaseAdult Sprague-DawleyM-wave responsesAbnormal dendritic spinesSpinal stretch reflexAbnormal spine morphologyDendritic spine morphologyReflex dysfunction
2011
Spinal cord injury, dendritic spine remodeling, and spinal memory mechanisms
Tan AM, Waxman SG. Spinal cord injury, dendritic spine remodeling, and spinal memory mechanisms. Experimental Neurology 2011, 235: 142-151. PMID: 21925174, DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.08.026.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsDendritic SpinesMemoryNeuralgiaNeuronal PlasticityNeuronsSpinal Cord InjuriesSynapsesConceptsSpinal cord injuryNeuropathic painDendritic spinesChronic painCord injuryNervous systemWide dynamic range neuronsNociceptive dorsal horn neuronsDorsal horn neuronsDendritic spine remodelingRange neuronsCentral sensitizationSpinal cordSpine remodelingPainSynaptic potentiationPain researchInjuryMore effective strategiesAberrant changesLong-term memory storageSpineStructural substrateSynaptic modelNeurons
2009
Dendritic Spine Remodeling After Spinal Cord Injury Alters Neuronal Signal Processing
Tan AM, Choi JS, Waxman SG, Hains BC. Dendritic Spine Remodeling After Spinal Cord Injury Alters Neuronal Signal Processing. Journal Of Neurophysiology 2009, 102: 2396-2409. PMID: 19692517, DOI: 10.1152/jn.00095.2009.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSpinal cord injuryCord injurySynaptic transmissionDorsal horn nociceptive neuronsFrequency-following abilityDendritic spine remodelingGeneration of painAction potential activationDendritic spine morphologyDendritic spine shapeAbnormal painCentral sensitizationNociceptive neuronsSpine remodelingPostsynaptic neuronsDendritic spinesSpine morphologyInput-output functionPainSoma resultsInjurySpine shapeNeuronal statesNeuronsPotential activation
2008
Neuropathic Pain Memory Is Maintained by Rac1-Regulated Dendritic Spine Remodeling after Spinal Cord Injury
Tan AM, Stamboulian S, Chang YW, Zhao P, Hains AB, Waxman SG, Hains BC. Neuropathic Pain Memory Is Maintained by Rac1-Regulated Dendritic Spine Remodeling after Spinal Cord Injury. Journal Of Neuroscience 2008, 28: 13173-13183. PMID: 19052208, PMCID: PMC6671613, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3142-08.2008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAction PotentialsAnimalsComputer SimulationDendritic SpinesDisease Models, AnimalEnzyme ActivationEnzyme InhibitorsExcitatory Postsynaptic PotentialsHyperalgesiaLearningMaleMemoryNeuralgiaNeuronal PlasticityPain MeasurementPain ThresholdPosterior Horn CellsRac1 GTP-Binding ProteinRatsRats, Sprague-DawleySpinal Cord InjuriesSynaptic TransmissionConceptsSpinal cord injuryNeuropathic painCord injuryWide dynamic range neuronsContusion spinal cord injuryDendritic spine pathologyInjury-induced hyperexcitabilityNoxious peripheral stimuliRats 1 monthChronic neuropathic painDorsal horn neuronsDendritic spine remodelingIncreased spine densityRange neuronsSpine morphometryDH neuronsTactile allodyniaNeuronal hyperexcitabilitySCI animalsThermal hyperalgesiaSham surgerySpine densityLamina IVControl neuronsSynaptic basis
2007
Sensory afferents regenerated into dorsal columns after spinal cord injury remain in a chronic pathophysiological state
Tan A, Petruska J, Mendell L, Levine J. Sensory afferents regenerated into dorsal columns after spinal cord injury remain in a chronic pathophysiological state. Experimental Neurology 2007, 206: 257-268. PMID: 17585905, PMCID: PMC3103885, DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.05.013.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSpinal cord injuryDorsal columnsChronic pathophysiological stateNerve conditioning lesionConditioning lesionRegenerating axonsCord injurySensory afferentsInjury siteFrequency-following abilityInfusion of antibodiesPathophysiological statesIntrinsic growth stateExperimental spinal cord injuryRegenerating sensory axonsReduced conduction velocityIntrinsic growth capacitySensory axon growthAxonal growthGrowth inhibitory effectSensory neuronsSpinal cordCombinatorial treatmentInhibit axonal growthRepetitive stimuli
2006
Antibodies against the NG2 Proteoglycan Promote the Regeneration of Sensory Axons within the Dorsal Columns of the Spinal Cord
Tan A, Colletti M, Rorai A, Skene J, Levine J. Antibodies against the NG2 Proteoglycan Promote the Regeneration of Sensory Axons within the Dorsal Columns of the Spinal Cord. Journal Of Neuroscience 2006, 26: 4729-4739. PMID: 16672645, PMCID: PMC6674154, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3900-05.2006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnalysis of VarianceAnimalsAntibodies, MonoclonalAntigensAxonsBlotting, WesternCD11b AntigenDisease Models, AnimalEctodysplasinsFemaleFibronectinsFluorescent Antibody TechniqueGlial Fibrillary Acidic ProteinImmunoprecipitationLaminectomyMembrane ProteinsMyelin ProteinsNerve RegenerationNeurogliaNeurons, AfferentNogo ProteinsPeripheral Nervous System DiseasesProteoglycansRatsRats, Sprague-DawleySpinal Cord InjuriesTime FactorsTumor Necrosis FactorsConceptsAnti-NG2 antibodiesNerve conditioning lesionConditioning lesionSpinal cordSensory axonsAxonal regenerationAdult rat spinal cordSite of CNS injuryRegeneration of sensory axonsNon-neutralizing antibodiesRat spinal cordSensory axon regenerationTransected adult rat spinal cordGlial scarAxon growth in vitroIntrinsic growth capacityAscending sensory axonsGrowth in vitroInhibit axon regenerationExtrinsic inhibitionAntibody treatmentDorsal columnsDorsal rootsNG2 immunoreactivityAdult neurons