Forrester Lee, MD
Professor Emeritus of Medicine (Cardiology)
Research & Publications
Biography
News
Research Summary
My research interests span three areas:
- Clinical research in therapies for congestive heart treatment and clinical outcomes in heart transplantation. I am affiliated with the Yale Heart Failure and Transplant Center;
- Studies in heart rate variability as a method of noninvasively probing cardiovascular autonomic regulatory mechanisms in health and disease. This research includes classical methods of time series analysis as well as more recent methods based on chaos/complexity theory and nonlinear dynamics;
- Studies of health care access by African Americans and other minority populations in relation to cardiovascular disease.
Specialized Terms: Congestive heart treatment; Heart rate variability; Minority population cardiovascular health care access
Coauthors
Research Interests
Cardiology; Heart Failure; Heart Rate; Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation; Cultural Diversity; Minority Health
Selected Publications
- Impact of Preoperative Lymphopenia on Survival Following Left Ventricular Assist Device PlacementStawiarski K, Agboola O, Park J, Geirsson A, Jacoby D, Bellumkonda L, Ahmad T, Chou J, Lee F, Mangi A, Bonde P. Impact of Preoperative Lymphopenia on Survival Following Left Ventricular Assist Device Placement. ASAIO Journal 2020, 67: 650-657. PMID: 33074860, DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001289.
- Blood Conservation Strategy at Time of Left Ventricular Assist Device Placement Improves Survival.Stawiarski K, Agboola O, Park J, Mangi A, Geirsson A, Lee F, Jacoby D, Bellumkonda L, Ahmad T, Chou J, Testani JM, Chen M, McCloskey G, Bonde P. Blood Conservation Strategy at Time of Left Ventricular Assist Device Placement Improves Survival. The Journal Of Heart And Lung Transplantation : The Official Publication Of The International Society For Heart Transplantation 2020, 39: S151. PMID: 32464926, DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.1086.
- The Effects of Less Invasive Extra-Pericardial Placement of Left Ventricular Assist Devices on Right Ventricular Failure in the Early Postoperative Period.Stawiarski K, Agboola O, Park J, Mangi A, Geirsson A, Bellumkonda L, Lee F, Chen M, Jacoby D, Chou J, Ahmad T, Testani JM, McCloskey G, Bonde P. The Effects of Less Invasive Extra-Pericardial Placement of Left Ventricular Assist Devices on Right Ventricular Failure in the Early Postoperative Period. The Journal Of Heart And Lung Transplantation : The Official Publication Of The International Society For Heart Transplantation 2020, 39: S151-S152. PMID: 32464927, DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.1087.
- Blood Conservation Strategy at Time of Left Ventricular Assist Device Placement Improves SurvivalStawiarski K, Agboola O, Park J, Mangi A, Geirsson A, Lee F, Jacoby D, Bellumkonda L, Ahmad T, Chou J, Testani J, Chen M, McCloskey G, Bonde P. Blood Conservation Strategy at Time of Left Ventricular Assist Device Placement Improves Survival. The Journal Of Heart And Lung Transplantation 2020, 39: s151. DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.1086.
- The Effects of Less Invasive Extra-Pericardial Placement of Left Ventricular Assist Devices on Right Ventricular Failure in the Early Postoperative PeriodStawiarski K, Agboola O, Park J, Mangi A, Geirsson A, Bellumkonda L, Lee F, Chen M, Jacoby D, Chou J, Ahmad T, Testani J, McCloskey G, Bonde P. The Effects of Less Invasive Extra-Pericardial Placement of Left Ventricular Assist Devices on Right Ventricular Failure in the Early Postoperative Period. The Journal Of Heart And Lung Transplantation 2020, 39: s151-s152. DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.1087.
- Improving Outcomes in INTERMACS 1 Category 1 Patients with Pre-LVAD, Awake Venous-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation SupportMori M, McCloskey G, Geirsson A, Mangi AA, Yun JJ, Jacoby D, Ahmad T, Bellumkonda L, Lee F, Chen ME, Bonde P. Improving Outcomes in INTERMACS 1 Category 1 Patients with Pre-LVAD, Awake Venous-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support. ASAIO Journal 2019, Publish Ahead of Print: &na;. PMID: 30664019, DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000000908.
- Serial Assessment of Coronary Flow Reserve by Rubidium-82 Positron Emission Tomography Predicts Mortality in Heart Transplant RecipientsFeher A, Srivastava A, Quail MA, Boutagy NE, Khanna P, Wilson L, Miller EJ, Liu YH, Lee F, Sinusas AJ. Serial Assessment of Coronary Flow Reserve by Rubidium-82 Positron Emission Tomography Predicts Mortality in Heart Transplant Recipients. JACC Cardiovascular Imaging 2018, 13: 109-120. PMID: 30343093, PMCID: PMC6461525, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.08.025.
- PREVALENCE AND PREDICTORS OF DECISION REGRET IN LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE PATIENTSSciria C, Jacoby D, Bonde P, Lee F, Ahmad T, Testani J, Chen M. PREVALENCE AND PREDICTORS OF DECISION REGRET IN LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE PATIENTS. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2018, 71: a971. DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(18)31512-2.
- A Noble and Independent Course: The Life of the Reverend Edward MitchellLee, F. A., Pringle, J. S. (2018). A Noble and Independent Course: The Life of the Reverend Edward Mitchell. Lebanon: Dartmouth College Press.
- Cumulative stress and autonomic dysregulation in a community sampleLampert R, Tuit K, Hong KI, Donovan T, Lee F, Sinha R. Cumulative stress and autonomic dysregulation in a community sample. Stress 2016, 19: 269-279. PMID: 27112063, PMCID: PMC5072401, DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2016.1174847.
- Abstract 17013: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder is Associated with Adverse Non-Linear Heart Rate Variability in Veteran TwinsKella D, Lampert R, Lee F, Goldberg J, Bremner D, Vaccarino V, Shah A. Abstract 17013: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder is Associated with Adverse Non-Linear Heart Rate Variability in Veteran Twins. Circulation 2014, 130 DOI: 10.1161/circ.130.suppl_2.17013.
- Lee FA and Mahieu, E. Cosinor Analysis of Biorhythm Data,Wolfram Demonstrations http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/CosinorAnalysisOfBiorhythmData/, Mar 20, 2014Lee FA and Mahieu, E. Cosinor Analysis of Biorhythm Data,Wolfram Demonstrations http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/CosinorAnalysisOfBiorhythmData/, Mar 20, 2014
- 82RB POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET) MYOCARDIAL BLOOD FLOW (MBF) CORRELATES WITH CORONARY ARTERY INTIMAL THICKNESS MEASURED BY INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND (IVUS) FOLLOWING HEART TRANSPLANTATIONMohani A, Khanna P, Liu Y, Sinusas A, Lee F. 82RB POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET) MYOCARDIAL BLOOD FLOW (MBF) CORRELATES WITH CORONARY ARTERY INTIMAL THICKNESS MEASURED BY INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND (IVUS) FOLLOWING HEART TRANSPLANTATION. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2011, 57: e848. DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(11)60848-6.
- Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) Elevations In Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant (ASCT) Recipients at the Time of WBC Engraftment. Correlation with Engraftment Syndrome and Cardiac Dysfunction.Isufi I, Barile A, Russell K, Hryniewicz K, Baker J, Medoff E, Jacoby D, Lee F, Foss F, Cooper D, Seropian S. Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) Elevations In Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant (ASCT) Recipients at the Time of WBC Engraftment. Correlation with Engraftment Syndrome and Cardiac Dysfunction. Blood 2010, 116: 1309-1309. DOI: 10.1182/blood.v116.21.1309.1309.
- Effects of Reiki on Autonomic Activity Early After Acute Coronary SyndromeFriedman RS, Burg MM, Miles P, Lee F, Lampert R. Effects of Reiki on Autonomic Activity Early After Acute Coronary Syndrome. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2010, 56: 995-996. PMID: 20828654, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.03.082.
- Common Genes Contribute to Depressive Symptoms and Heart Rate Variability: The Twins Heart StudySu S, Lampert R, Lee F, Bremner JD, Snieder H, Jones L, Murrah NV, Goldberg J, Vaccarino V. Common Genes Contribute to Depressive Symptoms and Heart Rate Variability: The Twins Heart Study. Twin Research And Human Genetics 2010, 13: 1-9. PMID: 20158303, PMCID: PMC2905576, DOI: 10.1375/twin.13.1.1.
- 574: Risks of Invasive Hemodynamics in UNOS 1A PatientsDePasquale E, Jacoby D, Lee F. 574: Risks of Invasive Hemodynamics in UNOS 1A Patients. The Journal Of Heart And Lung Transplantation 2010, 29: s186. DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2009.11.592.
- Pleiotropy of C-Reactive Protein Gene Polymorphisms With C-Reactive Protein Levels and Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Male TwinsSu S, Lampert R, Zhao J, Bremner JD, Miller A, Snieder H, Lee F, Khan D, Goldberg J, Vaccarino V. Pleiotropy of C-Reactive Protein Gene Polymorphisms With C-Reactive Protein Levels and Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Male Twins. The American Journal Of Cardiology 2009, 104: 1748-1754. PMID: 19962488, PMCID: PMC2818743, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.07.063.
- A Twin Study of Metabolic Syndrome and Autonomic ToneGEHI AK, LAMPERT R, VELEDAR E, LEE F, GOLDBERG J, JONES L, MURRAH N, ASHRAF A, VACCARINO V. A Twin Study of Metabolic Syndrome and Autonomic Tone. Journal Of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 2008, 20: 422-428. PMID: 19054251, PMCID: PMC2722434, DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2008.01363.x.
- Decreased heart rate variability is associated with higher levels of inflammation in middle-aged menLampert R, Bremner JD, Su S, Miller A, Lee F, Cheema F, Goldberg J, Vaccarino V. Decreased heart rate variability is associated with higher levels of inflammation in middle-aged men. American Heart Journal 2008, 156: 759.e1-759.e7. PMID: 18926158, PMCID: PMC2587932, DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2008.07.009.
- Pacemaker Therapy for Early and Late Sinus Node Dysfunction in Orthotopic Heart Transplant Recipients: A Single‐Center ExperienceLUEBBERT JJ, LEE FA, ROSENFELD LE. Pacemaker Therapy for Early and Late Sinus Node Dysfunction in Orthotopic Heart Transplant Recipients: A Single‐Center Experience. Pacing And Clinical Electrophysiology 2008, 31: 1108-1112. PMID: 18834460, DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2008.01149.x.
- Depressive Symptoms and Heart Rate Variability: Evidence for a Shared Genetic Substrate in a Study of TwinsVaccarino V, Lampert R, Bremner JD, Lee F, Su S, Maisano C, Murrah NV, Jones L, Jawed F, Afzal N, Ashraf A, Goldberg J. Depressive Symptoms and Heart Rate Variability: Evidence for a Shared Genetic Substrate in a Study of Twins. Psychosomatic Medicine 2008, 70: 628-636. PMID: 18606724, PMCID: PMC5884077, DOI: 10.1097/psy.0b013e31817bcc9e.
- Effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibition with pyridostigmine on cardiac parasympathetic function in sedentary adults and trained athletesDewland TA, Androne AS, Lee FA, Lampert RJ, Katz SD. Effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibition with pyridostigmine on cardiac parasympathetic function in sedentary adults and trained athletes. AJP Heart And Circulatory Physiology 2007, 293: h86-h92. PMID: 17322413, DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01339.2006.
- Long-term assessment of cardiac function after dose-dense and -intense sequential doxorubicin (A), paclitaxel (T), and cyclophosphamide (C) as adjuvant therapy for high risk breast cancerAbu-Khalaf MM, Juneja V, Chung GG, DiGiovanna MP, Sipples R, McGurk M, Zelterman D, Haffty B, Reiss M, Wackers FJ, Lee FA, Burtness BA. Long-term assessment of cardiac function after dose-dense and -intense sequential doxorubicin (A), paclitaxel (T), and cyclophosphamide (C) as adjuvant therapy for high risk breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research And Treatment 2006, 104: 341-349. PMID: 17051423, DOI: 10.1007/s10549-006-9413-7.
- Depressed autonomic nervous system function in African Americans and individuals of lower social class: A potential mechanism of race- and class-related disparities in health outcomesLampert R, Ickovics J, Horwitz R, Lee F. Depressed autonomic nervous system function in African Americans and individuals of lower social class: A potential mechanism of race- and class-related disparities in health outcomes. American Heart Journal 2005, 150: 153-160. PMID: 16084163, DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2004.08.008.
- Effects of Psychologic Stress on Repolarization and Relationship to Autonomic and Hemodynamic FactorsLAMPERT R, SHUSTERMAN V, BURG MM, LEE FA, EARLEY C, GOLDBERG A, MCPHERSON CA, BATSFORD WP, SOUFER R. Effects of Psychologic Stress on Repolarization and Relationship to Autonomic and Hemodynamic Factors. Journal Of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 2005, 16: 372-377. PMID: 15828878, DOI: 10.1046/j.1540-8167.2005.40580.x.
- Comparative costs of home positive inotropic infusion versus in-hospital care in patients awaiting cardiac transplantationUpadya SP, Sedrakyan A, Saldarriaga C, Nystrom K, Bozzo J, Lee FA, Katz SD. Comparative costs of home positive inotropic infusion versus in-hospital care in patients awaiting cardiac transplantation. Journal Of Cardiac Failure 2004, 10: 384-389. PMID: 15470648, DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2004.02.004.
- Home continuous positive inotropic infusion as a bridge to cardiac transplantation in patients with end-stage heart failureUpadya S, Lee FA, Saldarriaga C, Verma S, Sedrakyan A, Nystrom K, Katz SD. Home continuous positive inotropic infusion as a bridge to cardiac transplantation in patients with end-stage heart failure. The Journal Of Heart And Lung Transplantation 2004, 23: 466-472. PMID: 15063407, DOI: 10.1016/s1053-2498(03)00203-1.
- 1148-208 Psychological stress increases heterogeneity of repolarization in patients with structural heart disease and ventricular arrhythmiasLampert R, Shusterman V, Burg M, Lee F, Earley C, Goldberg A, McPherson C, Batsford W, Soufer R. 1148-208 Psychological stress increases heterogeneity of repolarization in patients with structural heart disease and ventricular arrhythmias. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2004, 43: a140-a141. DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(04)90595-5.
- 1072-215 Depressive symptoms are associated with reduced heart rate variability in individuals without coronary artery diseaseVaccarino V, Lampert R, Lee F, Bremner J, Abramson J, Murrah N, Afzal N, Cheema F, Goldberg J. 1072-215 Depressive symptoms are associated with reduced heart rate variability in individuals without coronary artery disease. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2004, 43: a120-a121. DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(04)90504-9.
- Bioimpedance monitoring in patients with chronic heart failureFunk M, Nystrom K, Hutchinson C, Katz S, Lee F. Bioimpedance monitoring in patients with chronic heart failure. Journal Of Cardiac Failure 2003, 9: s6. DOI: 10.1016/s1071-9164(03)00177-5.
- Sustained hemodynamic benefit during long-term positive inotropic infusion in patients with advanced heart failureUpadya S, Lee F, Saldarriaga C, Nystrom K, Katz S. Sustained hemodynamic benefit during long-term positive inotropic infusion in patients with advanced heart failure. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2003, 41: 163-164. DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(03)81804-1.
- Effects of propranolol on recovery of heart rate variability following acute myocardial infarction and relation to outcome in the Beta-Blocker Heart Attack TrialLampert R, Ickovics JR, Viscoli CJ, Horwitz RI, Lee FA. Effects of propranolol on recovery of heart rate variability following acute myocardial infarction and relation to outcome in the Beta-Blocker Heart Attack Trial. The American Journal Of Cardiology 2003, 91: 137-142. PMID: 12521623, DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(02)03098-9.
- Heart rate variability during the week of September 11, 2001.Lampert R, Baron SJ, McPherson CA, Lee FA. Heart rate variability during the week of September 11, 2001. JAMA 2002, 288: 575. PMID: 12150667, DOI: 10.1001/jama.288.5.575.
- Racial Differences in the Use of Cardiac Procedures in Patients With Acute Myocardial InfarctionFunk M, Ostfeld AM, Chang VM, Lee FA. Racial Differences in the Use of Cardiac Procedures in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction. Nursing Research 2002, 51: 148-157. PMID: 12063413, DOI: 10.1097/00006199-200205000-00003.
- Cardiac responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in nondiabetic and intensively treated type 1 diabetic patientsRussell R, Chyun D, Song S, Sherwin R, Tamborlane W, Lee F, Pfeifer M, Rife F, Wackers F, Young L. Cardiac responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in nondiabetic and intensively treated type 1 diabetic patients. AJP Endocrinology And Metabolism 2001, 281: e1029-e1036. PMID: 11595660, DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.2001.281.5.e1029.
- Day-to-day reproducibility of mental stress-induced abnormal left ventricular function response in patients with coronary artery disease and its relationship to autonomic activationJain D, Joska T, Lee F, Burg M, Lampert R, Zaret B. Day-to-day reproducibility of mental stress-induced abnormal left ventricular function response in patients with coronary artery disease and its relationship to autonomic activation. Journal Of Nuclear Cardiology 2001, 8: 347-355. PMID: 11391305, DOI: 10.1067/mnc.2001.113517.
- Detection and Characterization of Cholinergic Oscillatory Control in the Forehead Microvasculature in Response to Systemic α-Agonist Infusion in Healthy VolunteersSilverman D, Stout R, Lee F, Ferneini E. Detection and Characterization of Cholinergic Oscillatory Control in the Forehead Microvasculature in Response to Systemic α-Agonist Infusion in Healthy Volunteers. Microvascular Research 2001, 61: 144-147. PMID: 11162204, DOI: 10.1006/mvre.2000.2283.
- The feasibility of high-dose chemotherapy in breast cancer patients with impaired left ventricular functionRose M, Lee F, Gollerkeri A, D'Andrea E, Psyrri A, Bdolah-Abram T, Burtness B. The feasibility of high-dose chemotherapy in breast cancer patients with impaired left ventricular function. Bone Marrow Transplantation 2000, 26: 133-139. PMID: 10918422, DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1702449.
- Prognostic value of noninvasive testing one year after orthotopic cardiac transplantationVerhoeven P, Lee F, Ramahi T, Franco K, de Leon C, Amatruda J, Gorham N, Mattera J, Wackers F. Prognostic value of noninvasive testing one year after orthotopic cardiac transplantation. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 1996, 28: 183-189. PMID: 8752812, DOI: 10.1016/0735-1097(96)00094-0.
- Laparoscopic Surgery as an Option for Gallstones in Cardiac Transplant Candidates and RecipientsBegos D, Lee F, Franco K, Baldwin J, Revkin J, Modlin I. Laparoscopic Surgery as an Option for Gallstones in Cardiac Transplant Candidates and Recipients. 1996, 22: 118-126. DOI: 10.1159/000425278.
- Diurnal variation of heart rate fractal dimension in heart disease patientsLampert R, Denner A, Sreenivasan K, Rosenfield L, Lee F. Diurnal variation of heart rate fractal dimension in heart disease patients. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 1996, 27: 95-96. DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(96)80589-4.
- Optimal timing and indications for cholecystectomy in cardiac transplant patientsBegos D, Franco K, Baldwin J, Lee F, Revkin J, Modlin I. Optimal timing and indications for cholecystectomy in cardiac transplant patients. World Journal Of Surgery 1995, 19: 661-667. PMID: 7676717, DOI: 10.1007/bf00294752.
- IntroductionElefteriades J, Lee F, Letsou G. Introduction. Cardiology Clinics 1995, 13: 1-3. PMID: 7796423, DOI: 10.1016/s0733-8651(18)30057-2.
- Synthesis Guidelines for Selection Among Treatment OptionsElefteriades J, Letsou G, Lee F. Synthesis Guidelines for Selection Among Treatment Options. Cardiology Clinics 1995, 13: 137-143. PMID: 7796428, DOI: 10.1016/s0733-8651(18)30070-5.
- Medical Therapy and Prognosis in Chronic Heart Failure Lessons from Clinical TrialsRamahi T, Lee F. Medical Therapy and Prognosis in Chronic Heart Failure Lessons from Clinical Trials. Cardiology Clinics 1995, 13: 5-26. PMID: 7796432, DOI: 10.1016/s0733-8651(18)30058-4.
- PrefaceElefteriades J, Lee F, Letsou G. Preface. Cardiology Clinics 1995, 13: xiii-xiv. DOI: 10.1016/s0733-8651(18)30056-0.
- Circadian variation of sustained ventricular tachycardia in patients with coronary artery disease and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators.Lampert R, Rosenfeld L, Batsford W, Lee F, McPherson C. Circadian variation of sustained ventricular tachycardia in patients with coronary artery disease and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Circulation 1994, 90: 241-247. PMID: 8026004, DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.90.1.241.
- Physical models for measurement of blood velocity and flow from diagnostic images.• Amini AA, Egglin TK, Pollak JS, Lee FA. Physical models for measurement of blood velocity and flow from diagnostic images. Computers in Cardiology 1993: 783-786.
- Oxidative metabolism and mechanical function in reperfused neonatal pig heartMcGowan F, Lee F, Chen V, Downing S. Oxidative metabolism and mechanical function in reperfused neonatal pig heart. Journal Of Molecular And Cellular Cardiology 1992, 24: 831-840. PMID: 1433313, DOI: 10.1016/0022-2828(92)91097-o.
- Hemodynamics of the Right Ventricle in Normal and Disease StatesLee F. Hemodynamics of the Right Ventricle in Normal and Disease States. Cardiology Clinics 1992, 10: 59-67. PMID: 1739960, DOI: 10.1016/s0733-8651(18)30255-8.
- Adaptive power spectrum estimation algorithm for heart rate variability analysisF. A. Lee and A. Nehorai, "Adaptive power spectrum estimation algorithm for heart rate variability analysis," IEEE Conf. on Computers in Cardiology, pp. 273-276, Italy, Sep. 1991.
- A bending energy model for measurement of cardiac shape deformityDuncan J, Lee F, Smeulders A, Zaret B. A bending energy model for measurement of cardiac shape deformity. IEEE Transactions On Medical Imaging 1991, 10: 307-320. PMID: 18222832, DOI: 10.1109/42.97580.
- Shape-based tracking of left ventricular wall motionDuncan J, Owen R, Anandan P, Staib L, McCauley T, Salazar A, Lee F. Shape-based tracking of left ventricular wall motion. 1991, 41-44. DOI: 10.1109/cic.1990.144160.
- Measurement of end diastolic shape deformity using bending energyDuncan J, Smeulders A, Lee F, Zaret B. Measurement of end diastolic shape deformity using bending energy. 1989, 277-280. DOI: 10.1109/cic.1988.72616.
- Peak filling rate normalized to mitral stroke volume: A new Doppler echocardiographic filling index validated by radionuclide angiographic techniquesBowman L, Lee F, Jaffe C, Mattera J, Wackers F, Zaret B. Peak filling rate normalized to mitral stroke volume: A new Doppler echocardiographic filling index validated by radionuclide angiographic techniques. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 1988, 12: 937-943. PMID: 3417992, DOI: 10.1016/0735-1097(88)90458-5.
- Treatment of the Hemodynamically Unstable PatientLee F. Treatment of the Hemodynamically Unstable Patient. Cardiology Clinics 1988, 6: 63-79. PMID: 3048675, DOI: 10.1016/s0733-8651(18)30502-2.