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Wade Schulz, MD, PhD

Assistant Professor; Director of Informatics, Laboratory Medicine; Director, CORE Center for Computational Health, Center for Outcomes Research & Evaluation (CORE)

Contact Information

Wade Schulz, MD, PhD

Mailing Address

  • 55 Park Street, 345D

    New Haven, CT 06511

    United States

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Yale Medicine

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Coauthors

Research Interests

Artificial Intelligence; Blood Transfusion; Clinical Laboratory Information Systems; Medical Informatics Computing; Information Management; Data Mining; Data Warehousing

Selected Publications

  • The Association of COVID-19 With Acute Kidney Injury Independent of Severity of Illness: A Multicenter Cohort Study.Moledina DG, Simonov M, Yamamoto Y, Alausa J, Arora T, Biswas A, Cantley LG, Ghazi L, Greenberg JH, Hinchcliff M, Huang C, Mansour SG, Martin M, Peixoto A, Schulz W, Subair L, Testani JM, Ugwuowo U, Young P, Wilson FP. The Association of COVID-19 With Acute Kidney Injury Independent of Severity of Illness: A Multicenter Cohort Study. American Journal Of Kidney Diseases : The Official Journal Of The National Kidney Foundation 2021, 77: 490-499.e1. PMID: 33422598, PMCID: PMC7791318, DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.12.007.
  • Saliva viral load is a dynamic unifying correlate of COVID-19 severity and mortality.Silva J, Lucas C, Sundaram M, Israelow B, Wong P, Klein J, Tokuyama M, Lu P, Venkataraman A, Liu F, Mao T, Oh JE, Park A, Casanovas-Massana A, Vogels CBF, Muenker CM, Zell J, Fournier JB, Campbell M, Chiorazzi M, Ruiz Fuentes E, Petrone M, Kalinich CC, Ott IM, Watkins A, Moore AJ, Nakahata MI, Grubaugh ND, Farhadian S, Dela Cruz C, Ko A, Schulz WL, Ring AM, Ma S, Omer S, Wyllie AL, Iwasaki A. Saliva viral load is a dynamic unifying correlate of COVID-19 severity and mortality. MedRxiv : The Preprint Server For Health Sciences 2021 PMID: 33442706, PMCID: PMC7805468, DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.04.21249236.
  • SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy is associated with robust inflammatory response at the maternal-fetal interface.Lu-Culligan A, Chavan AR, Vijayakumar P, Irshaid L, Courchaine EM, Milano KM, Tang Z, Pope SD, Song E, Vogels CBF, Lu-Culligan WJ, Campbell KH, Casanovas-Massana A, Bermejo S, Toothaker JM, Lee HJ, Liu F, Schulz W, Fournier J, Muenker MC, Moore AJ, Konnikova L, Neugebauer KM, Ring A, Grubaugh ND, Ko AI, Morotti R, Guller S, Kliman HJ, Iwasaki A, Farhadian SF. SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy is associated with robust inflammatory response at the maternal-fetal interface. MedRxiv : The Preprint Server For Health Sciences 2021 PMID: 33532791, PMCID: PMC7852242, DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.25.21250452.
  • Temporal relationship of computed and structured diagnoses in electronic health record data.Schulz WL, Young HP, Coppi A, Mortazavi BJ, Lin Z, Jean RA, Krumholz HM. Temporal relationship of computed and structured diagnoses in electronic health record data. BMC Medical Informatics And Decision Making 2021, 21: 61. PMID: 33596898, PMCID: PMC7890604, DOI: 10.1186/s12911-021-01416-x.
  • Clinical characteristics and outcomes for 7,995 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.McPadden J, Warner F, Young HP, Hurley NC, Pulk RA, Singh A, Durant TJS, Gong G, Desai N, Haimovich A, Taylor RA, Gunel M, Dela Cruz CS, Farhadian SF, Siner J, Villanueva M, Churchwell K, Hsiao A, Torre CJ, Velazquez EJ, Herbst RS, Iwasaki A, Ko AI, Mortazavi BJ, Krumholz HM, Schulz WL. Clinical characteristics and outcomes for 7,995 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. PloS One 2021, 16: e0243291. PMID: 33788846, PMCID: PMC8011821, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243291.
  • Longitudinal Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Antinucleocapsid and Antispike-1-RBD Antibody Testing Following PCR-Detected SARS-CoV-2 Infection.El-Khoury JM, Schulz WL, Durant TJS. Longitudinal Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Antinucleocapsid and Antispike-1-RBD Antibody Testing Following PCR-Detected SARS-CoV-2 Infection. The Journal Of Applied Laboratory Medicine 2021, 6: 1005-1011. PMID: 33822964, PMCID: PMC8083453, DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfab030.
  • Delayed production of neutralizing antibodies correlates with fatal COVID-19.Lucas C, Klein J, Sundaram ME, Liu F, Wong P, Silva J, Mao T, Oh JE, Mohanty S, Huang J, Tokuyama M, Lu P, Venkataraman A, Park A, Israelow B, Vogels CBF, Muenker MC, Chang CH, Casanovas-Massana A, Moore AJ, Zell J, Fournier JB, Wyllie AL, Campbell M, Lee A, Chun HJ, Grubaugh ND, Schulz WL, Farhadian S, Dela Cruz C, Ring AM, Shaw AC, Wisnewski AV, Yildirim I, Ko AI, Omer S, Iwasaki A. Delayed production of neutralizing antibodies correlates with fatal COVID-19. Nature Medicine 2021, 27: 1178-1186. PMID: 33953384, PMCID: PMC8785364, DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01355-0.
  • Blood utilisation and transfusion reactions in adult patients transfused with conventional or pathogen-reduced platelets.Bahar B, Schulz WL, Gokhale A, Spencer BR, Gehrie EA, Snyder EL. Blood utilisation and transfusion reactions in adult patients transfused with conventional or pathogen-reduced platelets. British Journal Of Haematology 2020, 188: 465-472. PMID: 31566724, PMCID: PMC7003815, DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16187.
  • Investigation of increased platelet alloimmunization screening in the era of pathogen-reduced platelets treated with psoralen/UV light.Hendrickson JE, Mendoza H, Ross R, Siddon AJ, Gowda L, Hauser RG, Schulz WL, Tormey CA. Investigation of increased platelet alloimmunization screening in the era of pathogen-reduced platelets treated with psoralen/UV light. Transfusion 2020, 60: 650-651. PMID: 32128834, DOI: 10.1111/trf.15691.
  • Leveraging the Electronic Health Records for Population Health: A Case Study of Patients With Markedly Elevated Blood Pressure.Lu Y, Huang C, Mahajan S, Schulz WL, Nasir K, Spatz ES, Krumholz HM. Leveraging the Electronic Health Records for Population Health: A Case Study of Patients With Markedly Elevated Blood Pressure. Journal Of The American Heart Association 2020, 9: e015033. PMID: 32200730, PMCID: PMC7428633, DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.119.015033.
  • Agile Health Care Analytics: Enabling Real-Time Disease Surveillance With a Computational Health Platform.Schulz WL, Durant TJ, Torre CJ, Hsiao AL, Krumholz HM. Agile Health Care Analytics: Enabling Real-Time Disease Surveillance With a Computational Health Platform. Journal Of Medical Internet Research 2020, 22: e18707. PMID: 32442130, PMCID: PMC7257473, DOI: 10.2196/18707.
  • Rates and Predictors of Patient Underreporting of Hospitalizations During Follow-Up After Acute Myocardial Infarction: An Assessment From the TRIUMPH Study.Caraballo C, Khera R, Jones PG, Decker C, Schulz W, Spertus JA, Krumholz HM. Rates and Predictors of Patient Underreporting of Hospitalizations During Follow-Up After Acute Myocardial Infarction: An Assessment From the TRIUMPH Study. Circulation. Cardiovascular Quality And Outcomes 2020, 13: e006231. PMID: 32552061, DOI: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.119.006231.
  • Bridging the Collaboration Gap: Real-time Identification of Clinical Specimens for Biomedical Research.Durant TJS, Gong G, Price N, Schulz WL. Bridging the Collaboration Gap: Real-time Identification of Clinical Specimens for Biomedical Research. Journal Of Pathology Informatics 2020, 11: 14. PMID: 32477620, PMCID: PMC7245342, DOI: 10.4103/jpi.jpi_15_20.
  • Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Laboratory Utilization.Durant TJS, Peaper DR, Ferguson D, Schulz WL. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Laboratory Utilization. The Journal Of Applied Laboratory Medicine 2020, 5: 1194-1205. PMID: 32663258, PMCID: PMC7454564, DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfaa121.
  • Longitudinal analyses reveal immunological misfiring in severe COVID-19.Lucas C, Wong P, Klein J, Castro TBR, Silva J, Sundaram M, Ellingson MK, Mao T, Oh JE, Israelow B, Takahashi T, Tokuyama M, Lu P, Venkataraman A, Park A, Mohanty S, Wang H, Wyllie AL, Vogels CBF, Earnest R, Lapidus S, Ott IM, Moore AJ, Muenker MC, Fournier JB, Campbell M, Odio CD, Casanovas-Massana A, Herbst R, Shaw AC, Medzhitov R, Schulz WL, Grubaugh ND, Dela Cruz C, Farhadian S, Ko AI, Omer SB, Iwasaki A. Longitudinal analyses reveal immunological misfiring in severe COVID-19. Nature 2020, 584: 463-469. PMID: 32717743, PMCID: PMC7477538, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2588-y.
  • Impact of intra-tumoral heterogeneity detected by next-generation sequencing on acute myeloid leukemia survival.Schulz WL, Rinder HM, Durant TJS, Tormey CA, Torres R, Smith BR, Hager KM, Howe JG, Siddon AJ. Impact of intra-tumoral heterogeneity detected by next-generation sequencing on acute myeloid leukemia survival. Leukemia & Lymphoma 2020, 61: 3269-3271. PMID: 32715805, DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1797016.
  • Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes for 7,995 Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection.McPadden J, Warner F, Young HP, Hurley NC, Pulk RA, Singh A, Durant TJ, Gong G, Desai N, Haimovich A, Taylor RA, Gunel M, Dela Cruz CS, Farhadian SF, Siner J, Villanueva M, Churchwell K, Hsiao A, Torre CJ, Velazquez EJ, Herbst RS, Iwasaki A, Ko AI, Mortazavi BJ, Krumholz HM, Schulz WL. Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes for 7,995 Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection. MedRxiv : The Preprint Server For Health Sciences 2020 PMID: 32743602, PMCID: PMC7386526, DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.19.20157305.
  • Patient factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 in an admitted emergency department population.Haimovich A, Warner F, Young HP, Ravindra NG, Sehanobish A, Gong G, Wilson FP, van Dijk D, Schulz W, Taylor RA. Patient factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 in an admitted emergency department population. Journal Of The American College Of Emergency Physicians Open 2020 PMID: 32838371, PMCID: PMC7280703, DOI: 10.1002/emp2.12145.
  • Sex differences in immune responses that underlie COVID-19 disease outcomes.Takahashi T, Ellingson MK, Wong P, Israelow B, Lucas C, Klein J, Silva J, Mao T, Oh JE, Tokuyama M, Lu P, Venkataraman A, Park A, Liu F, Meir A, Sun J, Wang EY, Casanovas-Massana A, Wyllie AL, Vogels CBF, Earnest R, Lapidus S, Ott IM, Moore AJ, Shaw A, Fournier JB, Odio CD, Farhadian S, Dela Cruz C, Grubaugh ND, Schulz WL, Ring AM, Ko AI, Omer SB, Iwasaki A. Sex differences in immune responses that underlie COVID-19 disease outcomes. Nature 2020, 588: 315-320. PMID: 32846427, PMCID: PMC7725931, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2700-3.
  • Agile analytics to support rapid knowledge pipelines.Schulz WL, Kvedar JC, Krumholz HM. Agile analytics to support rapid knowledge pipelines. NPJ Digital Medicine 2020, 3: 108. PMID: 32864471, PMCID: PMC7438323, DOI: 10.1038/s41746-020-00309-z.
  • Development and Validation of the Quick COVID-19 Severity Index: A Prognostic Tool for Early Clinical Decompensation.Haimovich AD, Ravindra NG, Stoytchev S, Young HP, Wilson FP, van Dijk D, Schulz WL, Taylor RA. Development and Validation of the Quick COVID-19 Severity Index: A Prognostic Tool for Early Clinical Decompensation. Annals Of Emergency Medicine 2020, 76: 442-453. PMID: 33012378, PMCID: PMC7373004, DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.07.022.
  • The Promise of Big Data and Digital Solutions in Building a Cardiovascular Learning System: Opportunities and Barriers.Mori M, Khera R, Lin Z, Ross JS, Schulz W, Krumholz HM. The Promise of Big Data and Digital Solutions in Building a Cardiovascular Learning System: Opportunities and Barriers. Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal 2020, 16: 212-219. PMID: 33133357, PMCID: PMC7587314, DOI: 10.14797/mdcj-16-3-212.
  • Evaluation of a Risk Stratification Model Using Preoperative and Intraoperative Data for Major Morbidity or Mortality After Cardiac Surgical Treatment.Durant TJS, Jean RA, Huang C, Coppi A, Schulz WL, Geirsson A, Krumholz HM. Evaluation of a Risk Stratification Model Using Preoperative and Intraoperative Data for Major Morbidity or Mortality After Cardiac Surgical Treatment. JAMA Network Open 2020, 3: e2028361. PMID: 33284333, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.28361.
  • Diverse Functional Autoantibodies in Patients with COVID-19.Wang EY, Mao T, Klein J, Dai Y, Huck JD, Liu F, Zheng NS, Zhou T, Israelow B, Wong P, Lucas C, Silva J, Oh JE, Song E, Perotti ES, Fischer S, Campbell M, Fournier JB, Wyllie AL, Vogels CBF, Ott IM, Kalinich CC, Petrone ME, Watkins AE, Cruz CD, Farhadian SF, Schulz WL, Grubaugh ND, Ko AI, Iwasaki A, Ring AM. Diverse Functional Autoantibodies in Patients with COVID-19. MedRxiv : The Preprint Server For Health Sciences 2021 PMID: 33330894, PMCID: PMC7743105, DOI: 10.1101/2020.12.10.20247205.
  • Kinetics of antibody responses dictate COVID-19 outcome.Lucas C, Klein J, Sundaram M, Liu F, Wong P, Silva J, Mao T, Oh JE, Tokuyama M, Lu P, Venkataraman A, Park A, Israelow B, Wyllie AL, Vogels CBF, Muenker MC, Casanovas-Massana A, Schulz WL, Zell J, Campbell M, Fournier JB, Grubaugh ND, Farhadian S, Wisnewski AV, Cruz CD, Omer S, Ko AI, Ring A, Iwasaki A. Kinetics of antibody responses dictate COVID-19 outcome. MedRxiv : The Preprint Server For Health Sciences 2020 PMID: 33398304, PMCID: PMC7781347, DOI: 10.1101/2020.12.18.20248331.
  • Agile analytics to support rapid knowledge pipelines.Schulz WL, Kvedar JC, Krumholz HM. Agile analytics to support rapid knowledge pipelines. NPJ Digital Medicine 2020, 3: 108. PMID: 33594176, DOI: 10.1038/s41746-020-00309-z.
  • Characteristics of High Cardiovascular Risk in 1.7 Million Chinese Adults.Lu J, Lu Y, Yang H, Bilige W, Li Y, Schulz W, Masoudi FA, Krumholz HM. Characteristics of High Cardiovascular Risk in 1.7 Million Chinese Adults. Annals Of Internal Medicine 2019, 170: 298-308. PMID: 30776800, DOI: 10.7326/M18-1932.
  • Blood Utilization and Transfusion Reactions in Pediatric Patients Transfused with Conventional or Pathogen Reduced Platelets.Schulz WL, McPadden J, Gehrie EA, Bahar B, Gokhale A, Ross R, Price N, Spencer BR, Snyder E. Blood Utilization and Transfusion Reactions in Pediatric Patients Transfused with Conventional or Pathogen Reduced Platelets. The Journal Of Pediatrics 2019, 209: 220-225. PMID: 30885645, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.01.046.
  • Health Care and Precision Medicine Research: Analysis of a Scalable Data Science Platform.McPadden J, Durant TJ, Bunch DR, Coppi A, Price N, Rodgerson K, Torre CJ, Byron W, Hsiao AL, Krumholz HM, Schulz WL. Health Care and Precision Medicine Research: Analysis of a Scalable Data Science Platform. Journal Of Medical Internet Research 2019, 21: e13043. PMID: 30964441, PMCID: PMC6477571, DOI: 10.2196/13043.
  • Tapping Into Underutilized Healthcare Data in Clinical Research.Mori M, Schulz WL, Geirsson A, Krumholz HM. Tapping Into Underutilized Healthcare Data in Clinical Research. Annals Of Surgery 2019, 270: 227-229. PMID: 30998537, DOI: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000003329.
  • Traditional Chinese Medicine Use in the Treatment of Acute Heart Failure in Western Medicine Hospitals in China: Analysis From the China PEACE Retrospective Heart Failure Study.Yu Y, Spatz ES, Tan Q, Liu S, Lu Y, Masoudi FA, Schulz WL, Krumholz HM, Li J. Traditional Chinese Medicine Use in the Treatment of Acute Heart Failure in Western Medicine Hospitals in China: Analysis From the China PEACE Retrospective Heart Failure Study. Journal Of The American Heart Association 2019, 8: e012776. PMID: 31364457, PMCID: PMC6761625, DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.119.012776.
  • Validation and Regulation of Clinical Artificial Intelligence.Schulz WL, Durant TJS, Krumholz HM. Validation and Regulation of Clinical Artificial Intelligence. Clinical Chemistry 2019, 65: 1336-1337. PMID: 32100825, DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2019.308304.
  • Fulfilling the Promise of Unique Device Identifiers.Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Schulz WL, Krumholz HM. Fulfilling the Promise of Unique Device Identifiers. Annals Of Internal Medicine 2018, 169: 183-185. PMID: 29868760, DOI: 10.7326/M18-0526.
  • Enhancing the prediction of acute kidney injury risk after percutaneous coronary intervention using machine learning techniques: A retrospective cohort study.Huang C, Murugiah K, Mahajan S, Li SX, Dhruva SS, Haimovich JS, Wang Y, Schulz WL, Testani JM, Wilson FP, Mena CI, Masoudi FA, Rumsfeld JS, Spertus JA, Mortazavi BJ, Krumholz HM. Enhancing the prediction of acute kidney injury risk after percutaneous coronary intervention using machine learning techniques: A retrospective cohort study. PLoS Medicine 2018, 15: e1002703. PMID: 30481186, PMCID: PMC6258473, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002703.
  • Prediction of ICU Readmissions Using Data at Patient Discharge.Pakbin A, Rafi P, Hurley N, Schulz W, Harlan Krumholz M, Bobak Mortazavi J. Prediction of ICU Readmissions Using Data at Patient Discharge. Annual International Conference Of The IEEE Engineering In Medicine And Biology Society. IEEE Engineering In Medicine And Biology Society. Annual International Conference 2018, 2018: 4932-4935. PMID: 30441449, DOI: 10.1109/EMBC.2018.8513181.
  • Association of Body Mass Index With Blood Pressure Among 1.7 Million Chinese Adults.Linderman GC, Lu J, Lu Y, Sun X, Xu W, Nasir K, Schulz W, Jiang L, Krumholz HM. Association of Body Mass Index With Blood Pressure Among 1.7 Million Chinese Adults. JAMA Network Open 2018, 1: e181271. PMID: 30646115, PMCID: PMC6324286, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.1271.
  • Very Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Morphologic Classification of Erythrocytes.Durant TJS, Olson EM, Schulz WL, Torres R. Very Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Morphologic Classification of Erythrocytes. Clinical Chemistry 2017, 63: 1847-1855. PMID: 28877918, DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2017.276345.
  • Blockchain Technology: Applications in Health Care.Angraal S, Krumholz HM, Schulz WL. Blockchain Technology: Applications in Health Care. Circulation. Cardiovascular Quality And Outcomes 2017, 10 PMID: 28912202, DOI: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.117.003800.
  • Moving Averages: Real-Time Data Monitoring in the Clinical Chemistry Laboratory.Durant T, Schulz W, El-Khoury J. Moving Averages: Real-Time Data Monitoring in the Clinical Chemistry Laboratory. American Journal Of Clinical Pathology 2017 PMID: 28340007, DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqw191.032.
  • A novel network analysis tool to identify relationships between disease states and risks for red blood cell alloimmunization.Celli R, Schulz W, Hendrickson JE, Tormey CA. A novel network analysis tool to identify relationships between disease states and risks for red blood cell alloimmunization. Vox Sanguinis 2017, 112: 469-472. PMID: 28337751, DOI: 10.1111/vox.12515.
  • Evaluation of relational and NoSQL database architectures to manage genomic annotations.Schulz WL, Nelson BG, Felker DK, Durant TJ, Torres R. Evaluation of relational and NoSQL database architectures to manage genomic annotations. Journal Of Biomedical Informatics 2016, 64: 288-295. PMID: 27810480, DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2016.10.015.
  • Use of application containers and workflows for genomic data analysis.Schulz WL, Durant TJ, Siddon AJ, Torres R. Use of application containers and workflows for genomic data analysis. Journal Of Pathology Informatics 2016, 7: 53. PMID: 28163975, PMCID: PMC5248400, DOI: 10.4103/2153-3539.197197.
  • Computational Approach to Annotating Variants of Unknown Significance in Clinical Next Generation Sequencing.Schulz WL, Tormey CA, Torres R. Computational Approach to Annotating Variants of Unknown Significance in Clinical Next Generation Sequencing. Laboratory Medicine 2015, 46: 285-9. PMID: 26489672, DOI: 10.1309/LMWZH57BRWOPR5RQ.
  • Amputation neuroma growing intravascularly into a thrombus.Schulz WL, Manivel JC. Amputation neuroma growing intravascularly into a thrombus. International Journal Of Surgical Pathology 2014, 22: 645-6. PMID: 24477938, DOI: 10.1177/1066896913520038.
  • Reovirus uses multiple endocytic pathways for cell entry.Schulz WL, Haj AK, Schiff LA. Reovirus uses multiple endocytic pathways for cell entry. Journal Of Virology 2012, 86: 12665-75. PMID: 22973022, PMCID: PMC3497677, DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01861-12.
  • A student authored online medical education textbook: editing patterns and content evaluation of a medical student wiki.Thompson CL, Schulz WL, Terrence A. A student authored online medical education textbook: editing patterns and content evaluation of a medical student wiki. AMIA ... Annual Symposium Proceedings / AMIA Symposium. AMIA Symposium 2011, 2011: 1392-401. PMID: 22195202, PMCID: PMC3243148.
  • HOS2 and HDA1 encode histone deacetylases with opposing roles in Candida albicans morphogenesis.Zacchi LF, Schulz WL, Davis DA. HOS2 and HDA1 encode histone deacetylases with opposing roles in Candida albicans morphogenesis. PloS One 2010, 5: e12171. PMID: 20730094, PMCID: PMC2921335, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012171.
  • Interactions between multiple genetic determinants in the 5' UTR and VP1 capsid control pathogenesis of chronic post-viral myopathy caused by coxsackievirus B1.Sandager MM, Nugent JL, Schulz WL, Messner RP, Tam PE. Interactions between multiple genetic determinants in the 5' UTR and VP1 capsid control pathogenesis of chronic post-viral myopathy caused by coxsackievirus B1. Virology 2008, 372: 35-47. PMID: 18029287, PMCID: PMC2352162, DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.10.020.
  • Maternal respiratory SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy is associated with a robust inflammatory response at the maternal-fetal interface.Lu-Culligan A, Chavan AR, Vijayakumar P, Irshaid L, Courchaine EM, Milano KM, Tang Z, Pope SD, Song E, Vogels CBF, Lu-Culligan WJ, Campbell KH, Casanovas-Massana A, Bermejo S, Toothaker JM, Lee HJ, Liu F, Schulz W, Fournier J, Muenker MC, Moore AJ, Konnikova L, Neugebauer KM, Ring A, Grubaugh ND, Ko AI, Morotti R, Guller S, Kliman HJ, Iwasaki A, Farhadian SF. Maternal respiratory SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy is associated with a robust inflammatory response at the maternal-fetal interface. Med (New York, N.Y.) 2021, 2: 591-610.e10. PMID: 33969332, PMCID: PMC8084634, DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2021.04.016.
  • Diverse functional autoantibodies in patients with COVID-19.Wang EY, Mao T, Klein J, Dai Y, Huck JD, Jaycox JR, Liu F, Zhou T, Israelow B, Wong P, Coppi A, Lucas C, Silva J, Oh JE, Song E, Perotti ES, Zheng NS, Fischer S, Campbell M, Fournier JB, Wyllie AL, Vogels CBF, Ott IM, Kalinich CC, Petrone ME, Watkins AE, Dela Cruz C, Farhadian SF, Schulz WL, Ma S, Grubaugh ND, Ko AI, Iwasaki A, Ring AM. Diverse functional autoantibodies in patients with COVID-19. Nature 2021, 595: 283-288. PMID: 34010947, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03631-y.
  • Accuracy of Computable Phenotyping Approaches for SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Hospitalizations from the Electronic Health Record.Khera R, Mortazavi BJ, Sangha V, Warner F, Young HP, Ross JS, Shah ND, Theel ES, Jenkinson WG, Knepper C, Wang K, Peaper D, Martinello RA, Brandt CA, Lin Z, Ko AI, Krumholz HM, Pollock BD, Schulz WL. Accuracy of Computable Phenotyping Approaches for SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Hospitalizations from the Electronic Health Record. MedRxiv : The Preprint Server For Health Sciences 2021 PMID: 34013299, PMCID: PMC8132274, DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.16.21253770.
  • Toward Dynamic Risk Prediction of Outcomes After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft: Improving Risk Prediction With Intraoperative Events Using Gradient Boosting.Mori M, Durant TJS, Huang C, Mortazavi BJ, Coppi A, Jean RA, Geirsson A, Schulz WL, Krumholz HM. Toward Dynamic Risk Prediction of Outcomes After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft: Improving Risk Prediction With Intraoperative Events Using Gradient Boosting. Circulation. Cardiovascular Quality And Outcomes 2021, 14: e007363. PMID: 34078100, DOI: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.120.007363.
  • An Integrated Approach to Deploy Panel-Based Pharmacogenetic Testing and Clinical Decision Support.Pulk RA, Hsiao AL, Murray MF, Stump L, Schulz WL. An Integrated Approach to Deploy Panel-Based Pharmacogenetic Testing and Clinical Decision Support. The Journal Of Applied Laboratory Medicine 2021, 6: 1094-1096. PMID: 34125206, DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfab043.
  • Author Correction: Delayed production of neutralizing antibodies correlates with fatal COVID-19.Lucas C, Klein J, Sundaram ME, Liu F, Wong P, Silva J, Mao T, Oh JE, Mohanty S, Huang J, Tokuyama M, Lu P, Venkataraman A, Park A, Israelow B, Vogels CBF, Muenker MC, Chang CH, Casanovas-Massana A, Moore AJ, Zell J, Fournier JB, Wyllie AL, Campbell M, Lee AI, Chun HJ, Grubaugh ND, Schulz WL, Farhadian S, Dela Cruz C, Ring AM, Shaw AC, Wisnewski AV, Yildirim I, Ko AI, Omer SB, Iwasaki A. Author Correction: Delayed production of neutralizing antibodies correlates with fatal COVID-19. Nature Medicine 2021, 27: 1309. PMID: 34145437, PMCID: PMC8212078, DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01416-4.
  • Myopericarditis in young adults presenting to the emergency department after receiving a second COVID-19 mRNA vaccine.Fleming-Nouri A, Haimovich AD, Yang D, Schulz WL, Coppi A, Taylor RA. Myopericarditis in young adults presenting to the emergency department after receiving a second COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Academic Emergency Medicine : Official Journal Of The Society For Academic Emergency Medicine 2021, 28: 802-805. PMID: 34310793, PMCID: PMC8441914, DOI: 10.1111/acem.14307.
  • Feasibility of capturing real-world data from health information technology systems at multiple centers to assess cardiac ablation device outcomes: A fit-for-purpose informatics analysis report.Jiang G, Dhruva SS, Chen J, Schulz WL, Doshi AA, Noseworthy PA, Zhang S, Yu Y, Patrick Young H, Brandt E, Ervin KR, Shah ND, Ross JS, Coplan P, Drozda JP. Feasibility of capturing real-world data from health information technology systems at multiple centers to assess cardiac ablation device outcomes: A fit-for-purpose informatics analysis report. Journal Of The American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA 2021, 28: 2241-2250. PMID: 34313748, PMCID: PMC8449615, DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocab117.
  • Effectiveness of CoronaVac among healthcare workers in the setting of high SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant transmission in Manaus, Brazil: A test-negative case-control study.Hitchings MDT, Ranzani OT, Torres MSS, de Oliveira SB, Almiron M, Said R, Borg R, Schulz WL, de Oliveira RD, da Silva PV, de Castro DB, Sampaio VS, de Albuquerque BC, Ramos TCA, Fraxe SHH, da Costa CF, Naveca FG, Siqueira AM, de Araújo WN, Andrews JR, Cummings DAT, Ko AI, Croda J. Effectiveness of CoronaVac among healthcare workers in the setting of high SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant transmission in Manaus, Brazil: A test-negative case-control study. Lancet Regional Health. Americas 2021, 1: 100025. PMID: 34386791, PMCID: PMC8310555, DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2021.100025.
  • Effectiveness of the CoronaVac vaccine in older adults during a gamma variant associated epidemic of covid-19 in Brazil: test negative case-control study.Ranzani OT, Hitchings MDT, Dorion M, D'Agostini TL, de Paula RC, de Paula OFP, Villela EFM, Torres MSS, de Oliveira SB, Schulz W, Almiron M, Said R, de Oliveira RD, Vieira da Silva P, de Araújo WN, Gorinchteyn JC, Andrews JR, Cummings DAT, Ko AI, Croda J. Effectiveness of the CoronaVac vaccine in older adults during a gamma variant associated epidemic of covid-19 in Brazil: test negative case-control study. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) 2021, 374: n2015. PMID: 34417194, PMCID: PMC8377801, DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n2015.
  • Reply to: A finding of sex similarities rather than differences in COVID-19 outcomes.Takahashi T, Ellingson MK, Wong P, Israelow B, Lucas C, Klein J, Silva J, Mao T, Oh JE, Tokuyama M, Lu P, Venkataraman A, Park A, Liu F, Meir A, Sun J, Wang EY, Casanovas-Massana A, Wyllie AL, Vogels CBF, Earnest R, Lapidus S, Ott IM, Moore AJ, Shaw A, Fournier JB, Odio CD, Farhadian S, Dela Cruz C, Grubaugh ND, Schulz WL, Ring AM, Ko AI, Omer SB, Iwasaki A. Reply to: A finding of sex similarities rather than differences in COVID-19 outcomes. Nature 2021, 597: E10-E11. PMID: 34552250, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03645-6.
  • Artificial Intelligence and Mapping a New Direction in Laboratory Medicine: A Review.Herman DS, Rhoads DD, Schulz WL, Durant TJS. Artificial Intelligence and Mapping a New Direction in Laboratory Medicine: A Review. Clinical Chemistry 2021, 67: 1466-1482. PMID: 34557917, DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvab165.
  • Prevalence of Dyslipidemia and Availability of Lipid-Lowering Medications Among Primary Health Care Settings in China.Lu Y, Zhang H, Lu J, Ding Q, Li X, Wang X, Sun D, Tan L, Mu L, Liu J, Feng F, Yang H, Zhao H, Schulz WL, Krumholz HM, Pan X, Li J. Prevalence of Dyslipidemia and Availability of Lipid-Lowering Medications Among Primary Health Care Settings in China. JAMA Network Open 2021, 4: e2127573. PMID: 34586366, PMCID: PMC8482054, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.27573.
  • Effectiveness of ChAdOx1 vaccine in older adults during SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant circulation in São Paulo.Hitchings MDT, Ranzani OT, Dorion M, D'Agostini TL, de Paula RC, de Paula OFP, de Moura Villela EF, Torres MSS, de Oliveira SB, Schulz W, Almiron M, Said R, de Oliveira RD, Silva PV, de Araújo WN, Gorinchteyn JC, Andrews JR, Cummings DAT, Ko AI, Croda J. Effectiveness of ChAdOx1 vaccine in older adults during SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant circulation in São Paulo. Nature Communications 2021, 12: 6220. PMID: 34711813, PMCID: PMC8553924, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26459-6.
  • De novo emergence of a remdesivir resistance mutation during treatment of persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection in an immunocompromised patient: A case report.Gandhi S, Klein J, Robertson A, Peña-Hernández MA, Lin MJ, Roychoudhury P, Lu P, Fournier J, Ferguson D, Mohamed Bakhash SA, Catherine Muenker M, Srivathsan A, Wunder EA, Kerantzas N, Wang W, Lindenbach B, Pyle A, Wilen CB, Ogbuagu O, Greninger AL, Iwasaki A, Schulz WL, Ko AI. De novo emergence of a remdesivir resistance mutation during treatment of persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection in an immunocompromised patient: A case report. MedRxiv : The Preprint Server For Health Sciences 2021 PMID: 34909781, PMCID: PMC8669848, DOI: 10.1101/2021.11.08.21266069.
  • Applications of Digital Microscopy and Densely Connected Convolutional Neural Networks for Automated Quantification of Babesia-Infected Erythrocytes.Durant TJS, Dudgeon SN, McPadden J, Simpson A, Price N, Schulz WL, Torres R, Olson EM. Applications of Digital Microscopy and Densely Connected Convolutional Neural Networks for Automated Quantification of Babesia-Infected Erythrocytes. Clinical Chemistry 2021, 68: 218-229. PMID: 34969114, DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvab237.
  • A multicenter evaluation of computable phenotyping approaches for SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 hospitalizations.Khera R, Mortazavi BJ, Sangha V, Warner F, Patrick Young H, Ross JS, Shah ND, Theel ES, Jenkinson WG, Knepper C, Wang K, Peaper D, Martinello RA, Brandt CA, Lin Z, Ko AI, Krumholz HM, Pollock BD, Schulz WL. A multicenter evaluation of computable phenotyping approaches for SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 hospitalizations. NPJ Digital Medicine 2022, 5: 27. PMID: 35260762, PMCID: PMC8904579, DOI: 10.1038/s41746-022-00570-4.
  • Sex differences in immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 that underlie disease outcomes.Takahashi T, Wong P, Ellingson MK, Lucas C, Klein J, Israelow B, Silva J, Oh JE, Mao T, Tokuyama M, Lu P, Venkataraman A, Park A, Liu F, Meir A, Sun J, Wang EY, Wyllie AL, Vogels CBF, Earnest R, Lapidus S, Ott IM, Moore AJ, Casanovas-Massana A, Dela Cruz C, Fournier J, Odio CD, Farhadian S, Grubaugh N, Schulz WL, Ko A, Ring AM, Omer S, Iwasaki A. Sex differences in immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 that underlie disease outcomes. MedRxiv : The Preprint Server For Health Sciences 2020 PMID: 32577695, PMCID: PMC7302304, DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.06.20123414.
  • Change in COVID-19 risk over time following vaccination with CoronaVac: A testnegative case-control study.Hitchings MDT, Ranzani OT, Lind ML, Dorion M, D'Agostini TL, de Paula RC, de Paula OFP, de Moura Villela EF, Torres MSS, de Oliveira SB, Schulz W, Almiron M, Said R, de Oliveira RD, da Silva PV, de Araújo WN, Gorinchteyn JC, Dean NE, Andrews JR, Cummings DAT, Ko AI, Croda J. Change in COVID-19 risk over time following vaccination with CoronaVac: A testnegative case-control study. MedRxiv : The Preprint Server For Health Sciences 2021 PMID: 34988559, PMCID: PMC8728874, DOI: 10.1101/2021.12.23.21268335.
  • Feasibility of using real-world data in the evaluation of cardiac ablation catheters: a test-case of the National Evaluation System for Health Technology Coordinating Center.Dhruva SS, Jiang G, Doshi AA, Friedman DJ, Brandt E, Chen J, Akar JG, Ross JS, Ervin KR, Collison Farr K, Shah ND, Coplan P, Noseworthy PA, Zhang S, Forsyth T, Schulz WL, Yu Y, Drozda JP. Feasibility of using real-world data in the evaluation of cardiac ablation catheters: a test-case of the National Evaluation System for Health Technology Coordinating Center. BMJ Surgery, Interventions, & Health Technologies 2021, 3: e000089. PMID: 35047806, PMCID: PMC8749235, DOI: 10.1136/bmjsit-2021-000089.
  • The current landscape and emerging applications for real-world data in diagnostics and clinical decision support and its impact on regulatory decision making.Baumfeld Andre E, Carrington N, Siami FS, Hiatt JC, McWilliams C, Hiller C, Surinach A, Zamorano A, Pashos CL, Schulz WL. The current landscape and emerging applications for real-world data in diagnostics and clinical decision support and its impact on regulatory decision making. Clinical Pharmacology And Therapeutics 2022 PMID: 35213741, DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2565.
  • De novo emergence of a remdesivir resistance mutation during treatment of persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection in an immunocompromised patient: a case report.Gandhi S, Klein J, Robertson AJ, Peña-Hernández MA, Lin MJ, Roychoudhury P, Lu P, Fournier J, Ferguson D, Mohamed Bakhash SAK, Catherine Muenker M, Srivathsan A, Wunder EA, Kerantzas N, Wang W, Lindenbach B, Pyle A, Wilen CB, Ogbuagu O, Greninger AL, Iwasaki A, Schulz WL, Ko AI. De novo emergence of a remdesivir resistance mutation during treatment of persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection in an immunocompromised patient: a case report. Nature Communications 2022, 13: 1547. PMID: 35301314, PMCID: PMC8930970, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29104-y.
  • Automated multilabel diagnosis on electrocardiographic images and signals.Sangha V, Mortazavi BJ, Haimovich AD, Ribeiro AH, Brandt CA, Jacoby DL, Schulz WL, Krumholz HM, Ribeiro ALP, Khera R. Automated multilabel diagnosis on electrocardiographic images and signals. Nature Communications 2022, 13: 1583. PMID: 35332137, PMCID: PMC8948243, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29153-3.
  • Rapid emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is associated with an infection advantage over Delta in vaccinated persons.Chaguza C, Coppi A, Earnest R, Ferguson D, Kerantzas N, Warner F, Young HP, Breban MI, Billig K, Koch RT, Pham K, Kalinich CC, Ott IM, Fauver JR, Hahn AM, Tikhonova IR, Castaldi C, De Kumar B, Pettker CM, Warren JL, Weinberger DM, Landry ML, Peaper DR, Schulz W, Vogels CBF, Grubaugh ND. Rapid emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is associated with an infection advantage over Delta in vaccinated persons. Med (New York, N.Y.) 2022 PMID: 35399324, PMCID: PMC8983481, DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2022.03.010.

Clinical Trials

ConditionsStudy Title
COVID-19 Inpatient; COVID-19 OutpatientCOVID Recovery Study
COVID-19 Inpatient; COVID-19 OutpatientYale SUCCESS Cohort Study: Studying COVID-19 Outcomes
Diseases of the Respiratory Systems; COVID-19 Inpatient; COVID-19 OutpatientA Study Tracking Health Care Workers Exposed to COVID-19
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