Naila Makhani, MD, MPH
Associate Professor of Pediatrics (Neurology); Director, Pediatric MS Program
Research & Publications
Biography
News
Research Summary
Dr. Makhani's has explored key genetic and environmental risk factors determining MS risk is children presenting with a first attack of central nervous system demyelination. She is currently funded by NIH and the Charles H Hood Foundation to identify risk factors for MS in children with the radiologically isolated syndrome.
Coauthors
Selected Publications
- Challenges in the Clinical Recognition of Acute Flaccid Myelitis and its ImplicationsHayes LH, Hopkins SE, Liu S, Pardo CA, Garcia-Dominguez MA, Oleszek J, Yea C, Ciftci-Kavaklioglu B, Yeh EA, Dean J, Sadowsky CL, Desai J, Wiegand S, Farias-Moeller R, Nash K, Thakur KT, Vargas WS, Hong-Routson SJ, Yeshokumar A, Zhou MS, Makhani N, Wilson-Murphy M, Bove R, Zhang B, Benson LA. Challenges in the Clinical Recognition of Acute Flaccid Myelitis and its Implications. The Journal Of Pediatrics 2022, 253: 55-62.e4. PMID: 36115622, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.09.012.
- From the prodromal stage of multiple sclerosis to disease prevention.Marrie RA, Allegretta M, Barcellos LF, Bebo B, Calabresi PA, Correale J, Davis B, De Jager PL, Gasperi C, Greenbaum C, Helme A, Hemmer B, Kanellis P, Kostich W, Landsman D, Lebrun-Frenay C, Makhani N, Munger KL, Okuda DT, Ontaneda D, Postuma RB, Quandt JA, Roman S, Saidha S, Sormani MP, Strum J, Valentine P, Walton C, Zackowski KM, Zhao Y, Tremlett H. From the prodromal stage of multiple sclerosis to disease prevention. Nature Reviews. Neurology 2022, 18: 559-572. PMID: 35840705, DOI: 10.1038/s41582-022-00686-x.
- Confirming a Historical Diagnosis of Multiple SclerosisSolomon AJ, Arrambide G, Brownlee W, Cross AH, Gaitan MI, Lublin FD, Makhani N, Mowry EM, Reich DS, Rovira À, Weinshenker BG, Cohen JA. Confirming a Historical Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis. Neurology Clinical Practice 2022, 12: 263-269. PMID: 35747540, PMCID: PMC9208427, DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000001149.
- The Multiple Sclerosis Prodrome: Evidence to ActionTremlett H, Munger KL, Makhani N. The Multiple Sclerosis Prodrome: Evidence to Action. Frontiers In Neurology 2022, 12: 761408. PMID: 35173664, PMCID: PMC8841819, DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.761408.
- Risk Factors and Time to Clinical Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis Among Patients With Radiologically Isolated SyndromeLebrun-Frénay C, Rollot F, Mondot L, Zephir H, Louapre C, Le Page E, Durand-Dubief F, Labauge P, Bensa C, Thouvenot E, Laplaud D, de Seze J, Ciron J, Bourre B, Cabre P, Casez O, Ruet A, Mathey G, Berger E, Moreau T, Al Khedr A, Derache N, Clavelou P, Guennoc AM, Créange A, Neau JP, Tourbah A, Camdessanché JP, Maarouf A, Callier C, Vermersch P, Kantarci O, Siva A, Azevedo C, Makhani N, Cohen M, Pelletier D, Okuda D, Vukusic S, Kantarci O, Siva A, Pelletier D, Okuda D, Azevedo C, Makhani N, Radji F, Morel N, Grosset-Jeannin D, Ungureanu A, Boyer L, Suchet L, Elias Z, Lebrun-Frénay C, Cohen M, Mondot L, Thouvenot E, Ciron J, Durand-Dubief F, Brochet B, Ruet A, Ouallet J, Defer G, Branger P, Derache N, Clavelou P, Taithe F, Alkhedr A, Fromont A, Moreau T, Tourbah A, Casez O, Berger E, Zephir H, Outteryck O, Vermersch P, Hautecoeur P, Androdias G, Ionescu I, Pelletier J, Audoin B, Maarouf A, Ayrignac X, Carra-Dalliere C, Labauge P, Debouverie M, Mathey G, Cabre P, Laplaud D, Wiertlevski S, Bresch S, Castelnovo G, Papeix C, Louapre C, Maillart E, Lubetzki C, Stankoff B, Fontaine B, Giannesini C, Heinzleff O, Créange A, Bourre B, Gout O, Guegen A, Bensa C, Le Page E, Michel L, Magy L, De Seze J, Collongues N, Leray E, Guennoc A, Biotti D, Camdessanché J, De Broucker T, Sehaki S, Devys-Meyer N, Bereau M, Cappe C, Kounkou K, Dumont E, Lescieux E, Protin A, Kane M, Boucher J, Petit J, Tabellah Kasonde I, De Vilmarrest A, Nicol M, Malbezin M, Olaiz J, Rigaud-Bully C, Casey R, Rollot F, Vukusic I, Debard N, Cotton F, Abdelalli A, Di Lelio B, Pinna F, Guillemin F, Ziegler A, Callier C, Zehrouni K, Hodel J, Wahab A, Zedet M, Fagniez O, Laage C, Pottier C, Slesari I, Sampaio M, Neau J, Rabois E, Castex C, Hebant B, Guillaume M, Vimont C, Muraz R, Le Port D, Henry C, Berthe C, Freitas N, Visneux V, Forestier M, Beltran S, Meunier G, Servan J, Pico F, Chatagner V. Risk Factors and Time to Clinical Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis Among Patients With Radiologically Isolated Syndrome. JAMA Network Open 2021, 4: e2128271. PMID: 34633424, PMCID: PMC8506228, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28271.
- The multiple sclerosis prodrome is just unspecific symptoms in radiologically isolated syndrome patients – CommentaryMakhani N. The multiple sclerosis prodrome is just unspecific symptoms in radiologically isolated syndrome patients – Commentary. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2021, 27: 1827-1828. PMID: 34494919, PMCID: PMC8740898, DOI: 10.1177/13524585211044951.
- The multiple sclerosis prodromeMakhani N, Tremlett H. The multiple sclerosis prodrome. Nature Reviews Neurology 2021, 17: 515-521. PMID: 34155379, PMCID: PMC8324569, DOI: 10.1038/s41582-021-00519-3.
- Acute flaccid myelitis: cause, diagnosis, and managementMurphy O, Messacar K, Benson L, Bove R, Carpenter J, Crawford T, Dean J, DeBiasi R, Desai J, Elrick M, Farias-Moeller R, Gombolay G, Greenberg B, Harmelink M, Hong S, Hopkins S, Oleszek J, Otten C, Sadowsky C, Schreiner T, Thakur K, Van Haren K, Carballo C, Chong P, Fall A, Gowda V, Helfferich J, Kira R, Lim M, Lopez E, Wells E, Yeh E, Pardo C, group A, Salazar-Camelo A, Mithal D, Wilson-Murphy M, Bauer A, Watkins C, Abzug M, Dominguez S, Press C, Yang M, Ahsan N, Ramos-Platt L, Tiongson E, Seruya M, Tilton A, Katz E, Kirschen M, Shah A, Ulloa E, Yum S, Mondok L, Blaufuss M, Rosenfeld A, Vargas W, Zucker J, Yeshokumar A, Navis A, Chao K, Hagen K, Melicosta M, Porter C, Tunney M, Scheuermann R, Duggal P, Pekosz A, Bayliss A, Moore M, Belzberg A, Bembea M, O'Brien C, Riggs R, Nance J, Milstone A, Rice J, Garcia-Dominguez M, Flanagan E, Tillema J, Bosques G, Bhatia S, Gordon-Lipkin E, Deike D, Revivo G, Zlotolow D, deFiebre G, Lazerow P, Lotze T, Bitnun A, Davidge K, Vajsar J, Moore A, Konersman C, Nash K, Strober J, Gupta N, Chiu C, Sweeney M, Jackson W, Simon D, Thakkar K, Cheng J, Luce J, Das S, Vogt M, Vu N, Gofshteyn J, Makhani N, Patel P. Acute flaccid myelitis: cause, diagnosis, and management. The Lancet 2020, 397: 334-346. PMID: 33357469, PMCID: PMC7909727, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32723-9.
- Radiologically Isolated Syndrome: 10‐Year Risk Estimate of a Clinical EventLebrun‐Frenay C, Kantarci O, Siva A, Sormani M, Pelletier D, Okuda D, Azevedo C, Amato M, Bensa C, Berger E, Brochet B, Ciron J, Cohen M, Inglese M, Keegan B, Labauge P, Laplaud D, Le Page E, Louapre C, Makhani N, Mathey G, Mondot L, Montalban X, Pelletier J, Seze J, deStefano N, Thouvenot E, Tintore M, Tutuncuoglu M, Uygunoglu U, Vermersch P, Weinshenker B, Zeydan B. Radiologically Isolated Syndrome: 10‐Year Risk Estimate of a Clinical Event. Annals Of Neurology 2020, 88: 407-417. PMID: 32500558, DOI: 10.1002/ana.25799.
- Multiple Sclerosis in Children: Current and Emerging ConceptsBrenton JN, Kammeyer R, Gluck L, Schreiner T, Makhani N. Multiple Sclerosis in Children: Current and Emerging Concepts. Seminars In Neurology 2020, 40: 192-200. PMID: 32294785, PMCID: PMC8514113, DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1703000.
- Clinical Reasoning: A 16-year-old girl with ataxia, oscillopsia, and behavioral changesSilverman A, Selvadurai C, Picard J, Gluck L, Fisayo A, Makhani N, Benitez V. Clinical Reasoning: A 16-year-old girl with ataxia, oscillopsia, and behavioral changes. Neurology 2020, 94: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000009297. PMID: 32234821, PMCID: PMC7282879, DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000009297.
- Treatment Considerations in the Radiologically Isolated SyndromeMakhani N. Treatment Considerations in the Radiologically Isolated Syndrome. Current Treatment Options In Neurology 2020, 22: 3. PMID: 32009206, DOI: 10.1007/s11940-020-0608-8.
- Oligoclonal bands increase the specificity of MRI criteria to predict multiple sclerosis in children with radiologically isolated syndromeMakhani N, Lebrun C, Siva A, Narula S, Wassmer E, Brassat D, Brenton JN, Cabre P, Carra Dallière C, de Seze J, Durand Dubief F, Inglese M, Langille M, Mathey G, Neuteboom RF, Pelletier J, Pohl D, Reich DS, Ignacio Rojas J, Shabanova V, Shapiro ED, Stone RT, Tenembaum S, Tintoré M, Uygunoglu U, Vargas W, Venkateswaren S, Vermersch P, Kantarci O, Okuda DT, Pelletier D, . Oligoclonal bands increase the specificity of MRI criteria to predict multiple sclerosis in children with radiologically isolated syndrome. Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental Translational And Clinical 2019, 5: 2055217319836664. PMID: 30915227, PMCID: PMC6429663, DOI: 10.1177/2055217319836664.
- Acquisition of Early Developmental Milestones and Need for Special Education Services in Pediatric Multiple SclerosisAaen G, Waltz M, Vargas W, Makhani N, Ness J, Harris Y, Casper TC, Benson L, Candee M, Chitnis T, Gorman M, Graves J, Greenberg B, Lotze T, Mar S, Tillema JM, Rensel M, Rodriguez M, Rose J, Rubin J, Schreiner T, Waldman A, Weinstock-Guttman B, Belman A, Waubant E, Krupp L. Acquisition of Early Developmental Milestones and Need for Special Education Services in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis. Journal Of Child Neurology 2018, 34: 148-152. PMID: 30556452, PMCID: PMC6579723, DOI: 10.1177/0883073818815041.
- 1901. Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Fluoxetine as an Antiviral for Enterovirus D68 Associated Acute Flaccid Myelitis: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort StudyMessacar K, Sillau S, Hopkins S, Otten C, Wilson-Murphy M, Wong B, Santoro J, Treister A, Tokhie H, Torres A, Zabrocki L, Glanternik J, Hurst A, Martin J, Schreiner T, Makhani N, DeBiasi R, Kruer M, Tremoulet A, Van Haren K, Desai J, Benson L, Gorman M, Abzug M, Tyler K, Dominguez S. 1901. Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Fluoxetine as an Antiviral for Enterovirus D68 Associated Acute Flaccid Myelitis: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2018, 5: s546-s546. PMCID: PMC6254028, DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy210.1557.
- Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of fluoxetine as an antiviral for acute flaccid myelitisMessacar K, Sillau S, Hopkins SE, Otten C, Wilson-Murphy M, Wong B, Santoro JD, Treister A, Bains HK, Torres A, Zabrocki L, Glanternik JR, Hurst AL, Martin JA, Schreiner T, Makhani N, DeBiasi RL, Kruer MC, Tremoulet AH, Van Haren K, Desai J, Benson LA, Gorman MP, Abzug MJ, Tyler KL, Dominguez SR. Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of fluoxetine as an antiviral for acute flaccid myelitis. Neurology 2018, 92: e2118-e2126. PMID: 30413631, PMCID: PMC6512883, DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000006670.
- The Radiologically Isolated Syndrome: An Opportunity to Prevent Multiple Sclerosis in ChildrenMakhani N. The Radiologically Isolated Syndrome: An Opportunity to Prevent Multiple Sclerosis in Children. Pediatric Neurology 2018, 85: 13-15. PMID: 30104110, DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2018.05.009.
- Radiologically Isolated SyndromeDeStefano K, Makhani N. Radiologically Isolated Syndrome. 2017, 61-65. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-61407-6_8.
- Anti-NMDA Receptor Antibody EncephalitisSands T, Kedzierski K, Makhani N. Anti-NMDA Receptor Antibody Encephalitis. 2017, 75-82. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-61407-6_10.
- Radiologically isolated syndrome in childrenMakhani N, Lebrun C, Siva A, Brassat D, Carra Dallière C, de Seze J, Du W, Durand Dubief F, Kantarci O, Langille M, Narula S, Pelletier J, Rojas JI, Shapiro ED, Stone RT, Tintoré M, Uygunoglu U, Vermersch P, Wassmer E, Okuda DT, Pelletier D. Radiologically isolated syndrome in children. Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation 2017, 4: &na;. PMID: 28959703, PMCID: PMC5614726, DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000395.
- Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Pediatric Multiple SclerosisGeorge I, Makhani N. Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis. Journal Of Pediatric Neurology 2017, 16: 141-147. DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1604339.
- MRI findings of optic pathway involvement in Miller Fisher syndrome in 3 pediatric patients and a review of the literatureMalhotra A, Zhang M, Wu X, Jindal S, Durand D, Makhani N. MRI findings of optic pathway involvement in Miller Fisher syndrome in 3 pediatric patients and a review of the literature. Journal Of Clinical Neuroscience 2017, 39: 63-67. PMID: 28209311, DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2016.12.049.
- Abnormal Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery Signal in the Internal Capsule: A Novel Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Finding in a Child With Acute Flaccid MyelitisMakhani N, Mahajan A. Abnormal Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery Signal in the Internal Capsule: A Novel Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Finding in a Child With Acute Flaccid Myelitis. Pediatric Neurology 2017, 73: 108-109. PMID: 28262551, DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2017.01.031.
- 100 Acquired Disorders Affecting the White MatterMakhani N, Brenton J, Banwell B. 100 Acquired Disorders Affecting the White Matter. 2017, 759-766. DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-37101-8.00100-4.
- International Pediatric MS Study Group Global Members Symposium reportWassmer E, Chitnis T, Pohl D, Amato MP, Banwell B, Ghezzi A, Hintzen RQ, Krupp LB, Makhani N, Rostásy K, Tardieu M, Tenembaum S, Waldman A, Waubant E, Kornberg AJ. International Pediatric MS Study Group Global Members Symposium report. Neurology 2016, 87: s110-s116. PMID: 27572855, PMCID: PMC10688073, DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000002880.
- Pediatric multiple sclerosisGhezzi A, Amato MP, Makhani N, Shreiner T, Gärtner J, Tenembaum S. Pediatric multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2016, 87: s97-s102. PMID: 27572869, DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000002823.
- Oral Dimethyl Fumarate in Children With Multiple Sclerosis: A Dual-Center StudyMakhani N, Schreiner T. Oral Dimethyl Fumarate in Children With Multiple Sclerosis: A Dual-Center Study. Pediatric Neurology 2016, 57: 101-104. PMID: 26996405, DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2016.01.010.
- Radiologically Isolated Syndrome in a Pediatric PatientGeorge IC, DeStefano K, Makhani N. Radiologically Isolated Syndrome in a Pediatric Patient. Pediatric Neurology 2015, 56: 86-87. PMID: 26724214, DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2015.10.013.
- Viral exposures and MS outcome in a prospective cohort of children with acquired demyelinationMakhani N, Banwell B, Tellier R, Yea C, McGovern S, O’Mahony J, Ahorro JM, Arnold D, Sadovnick AD, Marrie RA, Bar-Or A, Network O. Viral exposures and MS outcome in a prospective cohort of children with acquired demyelination. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2015, 22: 385-388. PMID: 26199356, DOI: 10.1177/1352458515595876.
- Vitamin D supplementation in multiple sclerosis: Making a case for clarityKimball S, Hanwell HE, Burton JM, Heaney RP, Holick MF, Hollis B, Lewanczuk R, Makhani N, Venkateswaran S. Vitamin D supplementation in multiple sclerosis: Making a case for clarity. Journal Of The Neurological Sciences 2014, 347: 391-392. PMID: 25456464, DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.10.003.
- Risk genes associated with pediatric-onset MS but not with monophasic acquired CNS demyelination.van Pelt ED, Mescheriakova JY, Makhani N, Ketelslegers IA, Neuteboom RF, Kundu S, Broer L, Janssens C, Catsman-Berrevoets CE, van Duijn CM, Banwell B, Bar-Or A, Hintzen RQ. Risk genes associated with pediatric-onset MS but not with monophasic acquired CNS demyelination. Neurology 2013, 81: 1996-2001. PMID: 24198294, DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000436934.40034eb.
- Incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Europe: a systematic reviewKingwell E, Marriott JJ, Jetté N, Pringsheim T, Makhani N, Morrow SA, Fisk JD, Evans C, Béland SG, Kulaga S, Dykeman J, Wolfson C, Koch MW, Marrie RA. Incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Europe: a systematic review. BMC Neurology 2013, 13: 128. PMID: 24070256, PMCID: PMC3856596, DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-13-128.
- Advances in Therapies for Multiple SclerosisMakhani N, A. Yeh E. Advances in Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis. 2013, 38-68. DOI: 10.2174/9781608057580113010004.
- MS incidence and prevalence in Africa, Asia, Australia and New Zealand: A systematic reviewMakhani N, Morrow SA, Fisk J, Evans C, Beland SG, Kulaga S, Kingwell E, Marriott JJ, Dykeman J, Jetté N, Pringsheim T, Wolfson C, Marrie RA, Koch MW. MS incidence and prevalence in Africa, Asia, Australia and New Zealand: A systematic review. Multiple Sclerosis And Related Disorders 2013, 3: 48-60. PMID: 25877973, DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2013.06.015.
- Glatiramer acetate–induced acute hepatotoxicity in an adolescent with MSMakhani N, Ngan BY, Kamath BM, Yeh EA. Glatiramer acetate–induced acute hepatotoxicity in an adolescent with MS. Neurology 2013, 81: 850-852. PMID: 23884038, PMCID: PMC3908464, DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182a2cc4a.
- Incidence and Prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis in the Americas: A Systematic ReviewEvans C, Beland SG, Kulaga S, Wolfson C, Kingwell E, Marriott J, Koch M, Makhani N, Morrow S, Fisk J, Dykeman J, Jetté N, Pringsheim T, Marrie RA. Incidence and Prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis in the Americas: A Systematic Review. Neuroepidemiology 2013, 40: 195-210. PMID: 23363936, DOI: 10.1159/000342779.
- Diagnosing Neuromyelitis OpticaMakhani N, Bigi S, Banwell B, Shroff M. Diagnosing Neuromyelitis Optica. Neuroimaging Clinics Of North America 2013, 23: 279-291. PMID: 23608690, DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2012.12.007.
- Hiccups, Vomiting and the BrainBigi S, Makhani N, Banwell B. Hiccups, Vomiting and the Brain. Neuropediatrics 2012, 43 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1307127.
- Chapter 72 Acquired Disorders Affecting the White MatterMakhani N, Banwell B. Chapter 72 Acquired Disorders Affecting the White Matter. 2012, 1052-1061. DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-0435-8.00072-x.
- Noninfectious Central Nervous System Inflammatory DisordersMakhani N, Banwell B. Noninfectious Central Nervous System Inflammatory Disorders. Seminars In Pediatric Neurology 2011, 18: 91-94. PMID: 22036488, DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2011.05.005.
- Environmental Risk Factors for Paediatric Multiple SclerosisMakhani N, Banwell B. Environmental Risk Factors for Paediatric Multiple Sclerosis. European Neurological Review 2011, 6: 175. DOI: 10.17925/enr.2011.06.03.175.
- A Twist on Lyme: the Challenge of Diagnosing European Lyme NeuroborreliosisMakhani N, Morris SK, Page AV, Brophy J, Lindsay LR, Banwell BL, Richardson SE. A Twist on Lyme: the Challenge of Diagnosing European Lyme Neuroborreliosis. Journal Of Clinical Microbiology 2010, 49: 455-457. PMID: 21068272, PMCID: PMC3020460, DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01584-10.
- Environmental Risk Factors for Pediatric Multiple SclerosisMakhani N, Banwell B. Environmental Risk Factors for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis. TouchREVIEWS In Neurology 2010, 06: 96. DOI: 10.17925/usn.2010.06.02.96.
- Cyclophosphamide therapy in pediatric multiple sclerosisSYMBOLSYMBOLMakhani N, Gorman MP, Branson HM, Stazzone L, Banwell BL, Chitnis T. Cyclophosphamide therapy in pediatric multiple sclerosisSYMBOLSYMBOL. Neurology 2009, 72: 2076-2082. PMID: 19439723, PMCID: PMC2923592, DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181a8164c.
- Vitamin D as a Neuroactive Substance: ReviewKiraly SJ, Kiraly MA, Hawe RD, Makhani N. Vitamin D as a Neuroactive Substance: Review. The Scientific World JOURNAL 2006, 6: 125-139. PMID: 16493517, PMCID: PMC5917139, DOI: 10.1100/tsw.2006.25.
- Elevated mutant frequencies and increased C : G→T : A transitions in Mlh1−/− versus Pms2−/− murine small intestinal epithelial cellsBaross-Francis A, Makhani N, Liskay R, Jirik F. Elevated mutant frequencies and increased C : G→T : A transitions in Mlh1−/− versus Pms2−/− murine small intestinal epithelial cells. Oncogene 2001, 20: 619-625. PMID: 11313994, DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1204138.