Kurt Schalper, MD, PhD

• Alessandro Santin
• Anees Chagpar
• Anne Chiang
• Bonnie Gould Rothberg
• Christos Hatzis
• Daniel Zelterman
• David Rimm
• Donald Lannin
• Edward Kaftan
• Fattaneh Tavassoli
• Guoping Cai
• Hongyu Zhao
• Joseph Schlessinger
• Katerina Politi
• Kisha A Mitchell
• Lajos Pusztai
• Lieping Chen
• Malini Harigopal
• Mario Sznol
• Miguel Sanmamed
• Patricia Gaule
• Patricia LoRusso
• Paula Kavathas
• Pei Hui
• Peter Gershkovich
• Richard Lifton
• Roy S. Herbst
• Sarah Goldberg
• Scott Gettinger
• Susan Kaech
• Yalai Bai
• Yanhong Deng

Breast Neoplasms; Pathology

• Opening of connexin 43 hemichannels is increased by lowering intracellular redox potential.Retamal MA, Schalper KA, Shoji KF, Bennett MV, Sáez JC. Opening of connexin 43 hemichannels is increased by lowering intracellular redox potential. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2007, 104:8322-7.
• Possible involvement of different connexin43 domains in plasma membrane permeabilization induced by ischemia-reperfusion.Retamal MA, Schalper KA, Shoji KF, Orellana JA, Bennett MV, Sáez JC. Possible involvement of different connexin43 domains in plasma membrane permeabilization induced by ischemia-reperfusion. The Journal Of Membrane Biology 2007, 218:49-63.
• Modulation of brain hemichannels and gap junction channels by pro-inflammatory agents and their possible role in neurodegeneration.Orellana JA, Sáez PJ, Shoji KF, Schalper KA, Palacios-Prado N, Velarde V, Giaume C, Bennett MV, Sáez JC. Modulation of brain hemichannels and gap junction channels by pro-inflammatory agents and their possible role in neurodegeneration. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling 2009, 11:369-99.
• p16ink4a expression in benign and malignant melanocytic conjunctival lesions.Zoroquiain P, Fernandes BF, González S, Novais GN, Schalper KA, Burnier MN. p16ink4a expression in benign and malignant melanocytic conjunctival lesions. International Journal Of Surgical Pathology 2012, 20:240-5.
• Sarcomatoid lung carcinomas show high levels of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1).Velcheti V, Rimm DL, Schalper KA. Sarcomatoid lung carcinomas show high levels of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1). Journal Of Thoracic Oncology : Official Publication Of The International Association For The Study Of Lung Cancer 2013, 8:803-5.
• Marginal and joint distributions of S100, HMB-45, and Melan-A across a large series of cutaneous melanomas.Viray H, Bradley WR, Schalper KA, Rimm DL, Gould Rothberg BE. Marginal and joint distributions of S100, HMB-45, and Melan-A across a large series of cutaneous melanomas. Archives Of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 2013, 137:1063-73.
• High SOX2 levels predict better outcome in non-small cell lung carcinomas.Velcheti V, Schalper K, Yao X, Cheng H, Kocoglu M, Dhodapkar K, Deng Y, Gettinger S, Rimm DL. High SOX2 levels predict better outcome in non-small cell lung carcinomas. PloS One 2013, 8:e61427.
• [KRAS gene mutation in colorectal cancer].Roa I, Sánchez T, Majlis A, Schalper K. [KRAS gene mutation in colorectal cancer]. Revista Médica De Chile 2013, 141:1166-72.
• [HER2 gene amplification and overexpression in advanced gastric cancer].Roa I, Slater J, Carvajal D, Schalper K, de Toro G, Ares R, Game A, León J, de Aretxabala X. [HER2 gene amplification and overexpression in advanced gastric cancer]. Revista Médica De Chile 2013, 141:1411-9.
• [Quality of DNA from archival pathological samples of gallbladder cancer].Roa I, de Toro G, Sánchez T, Slater J, Ziegler AM, Game A, Arellano L, Schalper K, de Aretxabala X. [Quality of DNA from archival pathological samples of gallbladder cancer]. Revista Médica De Chile 2013, 141:1528-33.
• Role of gap junctions and hemichannels in parasitic infections.Vega JL, Subiabre M, Figueroa F, Schalper KA, Osorio L, González J, Sáez JC. Role of gap junctions and hemichannels in parasitic infections. BioMed Research International 2013, 2013:589130.
• Pin1 modulates ERα levels in breast cancer through inhibition of phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination and degradation.Rajbhandari P, Schalper KA, Solodin NM, Ellison-Zelski SJ, Ping Lu K, Rimm DL, Alarid ET. Pin1 modulates ERα levels in breast cancer through inhibition of phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination and degradation. Oncogene 2014, 33:1438-47.
• PD-L1 expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes: Revisiting the antitumor immune response potential in breast cancer.Schalper KA. PD-L1 expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes: Revisiting the antitumor immune response potential in breast cancer. Oncoimmunology 2014, 3:e29288.
• Programmed death ligand-1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer.Velcheti V, Schalper KA, Carvajal DE, Anagnostou VK, Syrigos KN, Sznol M, Herbst RS, Gettinger SN, Chen L, Rimm DL. Programmed death ligand-1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Laboratory Investigation; A Journal Of Technical Methods And Pathology 2014, 94:107-16.
• Automated objective determination of percentage of malignant nuclei for mutation testing.Viray H, Coulter M, Li K, Lane K, Madan A, Mitchell K, Schalper K, Hoyt C, Rimm DL. Automated objective determination of percentage of malignant nuclei for mutation testing. Applied Immunohistochemistry & Molecular Morphology : AIMM / Official Publication Of The Society For Applied Immunohistochemistry 2014, 22:363-71.
• A retrospective population-based comparison of HER2 immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization in breast carcinomas: impact of 2007 American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists criteria.Schalper KA, Kumar S, Hui P, Rimm DL, Gershkovich P. A retrospective population-based comparison of HER2 immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization in breast carcinomas: impact of 2007 American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists criteria. Archives Of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 2014, 138:213-9.
• Overexpression of the HER2/neu Gene: A New Therapeutic Possibility for Patients With Advanced Gallbladder Cancer.Roa I, de Toro G, Schalper K, de Aretxabala X, Churi C, Javle M. Overexpression of the HER2/neu Gene: A New Therapeutic Possibility for Patients With Advanced Gallbladder Cancer. Gastrointestinal Cancer Research : GCR 2014, 7:42-8.
• In situ tumor PD-L1 mRNA expression is associated with increased TILs and better outcome in breast carcinomas.Schalper KA, Velcheti V, Carvajal D, Wimberly H, Brown J, Pusztai L, Rimm DL. In situ tumor PD-L1 mRNA expression is associated with increased TILs and better outcome in breast carcinomas. Clinical Cancer Research : An Official Journal Of The American Association For Cancer Research 2014, 20:2773-82.
• Possible role of hemichannels in cancer.Schalper KA, Carvajal-Hausdorf D, Oyarzo MP. Possible role of hemichannels in cancer. Frontiers In Physiology 2014, 5:237.
• Unvalidated antibodies and misleading results.Rimm D, Schalper K, Pusztai L. Unvalidated antibodies and misleading results. Breast Cancer Research And Treatment 2014, 147:457-8.
• [BRAF gene mutation in wild-type KRAS patients with colorectal cancers].Roa I, Game A, Bizama C, Schalper K. [BRAF gene mutation in wild-type KRAS patients with colorectal cancers]. Revista Médica De Chile 2014, 142:55-60.
• Measurement of Domain-Specific HER2 (ERBB2) Expression May Classify Benefit From Trastuzumab in Breast Cancer.Carvajal-Hausdorf DE, Schalper KA, Pusztai L, Psyrri A, Kalogeras KT, Kotoula V, Fountzilas G, Rimm DL. Measurement of Domain-Specific HER2 (ERBB2) Expression May Classify Benefit From Trastuzumab in Breast Cancer. Journal Of The National Cancer Institute 2015, 107.
• Nivolumab and Urelumab Enhance Antitumor Activity of Human T Lymphocytes Engrafted in Rag2-/-IL2Rγnull Immunodeficient Mice.Sanmamed MF, Rodriguez I, Schalper KA, Oñate C, Azpilikueta A, Rodriguez-Ruiz ME, Morales-Kastresana A, Labiano S, Pérez-Gracia JL, Martín-Algarra S, Alfaro C, Mazzolini G, Sarno F, Hidalgo M, Korman AJ, Jure-Kunkel M, Melero I. Nivolumab and Urelumab Enhance Antitumor Activity of Human T Lymphocytes Engrafted in Rag2-/-IL2Rγnull Immunodeficient Mice. Cancer Research 2015, 75:3466-78.
• Quantitative measurement of cancer tissue biomarkers in the lab and in the clinic.Carvajal-Hausdorf DE, Schalper KA, Neumeister VM, Rimm DL. Quantitative measurement of cancer tissue biomarkers in the lab and in the clinic. Laboratory Investigation; A Journal Of Technical Methods And Pathology 2015, 95:385-96.
• PD-L1 Expression Correlates with Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer.Wimberly H, Brown JR, Schalper K, Haack H, Silver MR, Nixon C, Bossuyt V, Pusztai L, Lannin DR, Rimm DL. PD-L1 Expression Correlates with Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer. Cancer Immunology Research 2015, 3:326-32.
• Objective measurement and clinical significance of TILs in non-small cell lung cancer.Schalper KA, Brown J, Carvajal-Hausdorf D, McLaughlin J, Velcheti V, Syrigos KN, Herbst RS, Rimm DL. Objective measurement and clinical significance of TILs in non-small cell lung cancer. Journal Of The National Cancer Institute 2015, 107.
• Spironolactone inhibits the activity of the Na+/H+ exchanger in the aorta of mineralocorticoid-induced hypertensive rats.Carreño JE, Verdugo FJ, Contreras F, Montellano FA, Veloso S, Schalper KA, Sandoval M, Villanueva S, Marusic E, Irarrazabal CE. Spironolactone inhibits the activity of the Na+/H+ exchanger in the aorta of mineralocorticoid-induced hypertensive rats. Journal Of The Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone System : JRAAS 2015, 16:1225-31.
• Effect of cholecystectomy on bile acid synthesis and circulating levels of fibroblast growth factor 19.Barrera F, Azócar L, Molina H, Schalper KA, Ocares M, Liberona J, Villarroel L, Pimentel F, Pérez-Ayuso RM, Nervi F, Groen AK, Miquel JF. Effect of cholecystectomy on bile acid synthesis and circulating levels of fibroblast growth factor 19. Annals Of Hepatology 2015, 14:710-21.
• Quantitative assessment of the spatial heterogeneity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer.Mani NL, Schalper KA, Hatzis C, Saglam O, Tavassoli F, Butler M, Chagpar AB, Pusztai L, Rimm DL. Quantitative assessment of the spatial heterogeneity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research : BCR 2016, 18:78.
• Abscopal Effects of Radiotherapy Are Enhanced by Combined Immunostimulatory mAbs and Are Dependent on CD8 T Cells and Crosspriming.Rodriguez-Ruiz ME, Rodriguez I, Garasa S, Barbes B, Solorzano JL, Perez-Gracia JL, Labiano S, Sanmamed MF, Azpilikueta A, Bolanos E, Sanchez-Paulete AR, Aznar MA, Rouzaut A, Schalper KA, Jure-Kunkel M, Melero I. Abscopal Effects of Radiotherapy Are Enhanced by Combined Immunostimulatory mAbs and Are Dependent on CD8 T Cells and Crosspriming. Cancer Research 2016, 76:5994-6005.
• Quantitative Assessment of the Heterogeneity of PD-L1 Expression in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.McLaughlin J, Han G, Schalper KA, Carvajal-Hausdorf D, Pelekanou V, Rehman J, Velcheti V, Herbst R, LoRusso P, Rimm DL. Quantitative Assessment of the Heterogeneity of PD-L1 Expression in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. JAMA Oncology 2016, 2:46-54.
• EGFR-GRB2 Protein Colocalization Is a Prognostic Factor Unrelated to Overall EGFR Expression or EGFR Mutation in Lung Adenocarcinoma.Toki MI, Carvajal-Hausdorf DE, Altan M, McLaughlin J, Henick B, Schalper KA, Syrigos KN, Rimm DL. EGFR-GRB2 Protein Colocalization Is a Prognostic Factor Unrelated to Overall EGFR Expression or EGFR Mutation in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Journal Of Thoracic Oncology : Official Publication Of The International Association For The Study Of Lung Cancer 2016, 11:1901-1911.
• Predictive Biomarkers for PD-1 Axis Therapies: The Hidden Treasure or a Call for Research.Schalper KA, Kaftan E, Herbst RS. Predictive Biomarkers for PD-1 Axis Therapies: The Hidden Treasure or a Call for Research. Clinical Cancer Research : An Official Journal Of The American Association For Cancer Research 2016, 22:2102-4.
• Basic Overview of Current Immunotherapy Approaches in Cancer.Velcheti V, Schalper K. Basic Overview of Current Immunotherapy Approaches in Cancer. American Society Of Clinical Oncology Educational Book / ASCO. American Society Of Clinical Oncology. Meeting 2016, 35:298-308.
• Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Immune Evasion during Lung Cancer Progression: The Chicken or the Egg?Datar I, Schalper KA. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Immune Evasion during Lung Cancer Progression: The Chicken or the Egg? Clinical Cancer Research : An Official Journal Of The American Association For Cancer Research 2016, 22:3422-4.
• Automated measurement of estrogen receptor in breast cancer: a comparison of fluorescent and chromogenic methods of measurement.Zarrella ER, Coulter M, Welsh AW, Carvajal DE, Schalper KA, Harigopal M, L Rimm D, M Neumeister V. Automated measurement of estrogen receptor in breast cancer: a comparison of fluorescent and chromogenic methods of measurement. Laboratory Investigation; A Journal Of Technical Methods And Pathology 2016, 96:1016-25.
• Interleukin-8 in cancer pathogenesis, treatment and follow-up.Alfaro C, Sanmamed MF, Rodríguez-Ruiz ME, Teijeira Á, Oñate C, González Á, Ponz M, Schalper KA, Pérez-Gracia JL, Melero I. Interleukin-8 in cancer pathogenesis, treatment and follow-up. Cancer Treatment Reviews 2017, 60:24-31.
• Differential Expression and Significance of PD-L1, IDO-1, and B7-H4 in Human Lung Cancer.Schalper KA, Carvajal-Hausdorf D, McLaughlin J, Altan M, Velcheti V, Gaule P, Sanmamed MF, Chen L, Herbst RS, Rimm DL. Differential Expression and Significance of PD-L1, IDO-1, and B7-H4 in Human Lung Cancer. Clinical Cancer Research : An Official Journal Of The American Association For Cancer Research 2017, 23:370-378.
• Quantitative and pathologist-read comparison of the heterogeneity of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in non-small cell lung cancer.Rehman JA, Han G, Carvajal-Hausdorf DE, Wasserman BE, Pelekanou V, Mani NL, McLaughlin J, Schalper KA, Rimm DL. Quantitative and pathologist-read comparison of the heterogeneity of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Modern Pathology : An Official Journal Of The United States And Canadian Academy Of Pathology, Inc 2017, 30:340-349.
• Objective, domain-specific HER2 measurement in uterine and ovarian serous carcinomas and its clinical significance.Carvajal-Hausdorf DE, Schalper KA, Bai Y, Black J, Santin AD, Rimm DL. Objective, domain-specific HER2 measurement in uterine and ovarian serous carcinomas and its clinical significance. Gynecologic Oncology 2017, 145:154-158.
• Impaired HLA Class I Antigen Processing and Presentation as a Mechanism of Acquired Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Lung Cancer.Gettinger S, Choi J, Hastings K, Truini A, Datar I, Sowell R, Wurtz A, Dong W, Cai G, Melnick MA, Du VY, Schlessinger J, Goldberg SB, Chiang A, Sanmamed MF, Melero I, Agorreta J, Montuenga LM, Lifton R, Ferrone S, Kavathas P, Rimm DL, Kaech SM, Schalper K, Herbst RS, Politi K. Impaired HLA Class I Antigen Processing and Presentation as a Mechanism of Acquired Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Lung Cancer. Cancer Discovery 2017, 7:1420-1435.
• Objective measurement and clinical significance of IDO1 protein in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.Carvajal-Hausdorf DE, Mani N, Velcheti V, Schalper KA, Rimm DL. Objective measurement and clinical significance of IDO1 protein in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Journal For Immunotherapy Of Cancer 2017, 5:81.
• Prediction of recurrence in early stage non-small cell lung cancer using computer extracted nuclear features from digital H&E images.Wang X, Janowczyk A, Zhou Y, Thawani R, Fu P, Schalper K, Velcheti V, Madabhushi A. Prediction of recurrence in early stage non-small cell lung cancer using computer extracted nuclear features from digital H&E images. Scientific Reports 2017, 7:13543.
• B7-H3 Expression in NSCLC and Its Association with B7-H4, PD-L1 and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes.Altan M, Pelekanou V, Schalper KA, Toki M, Gaule P, Syrigos K, Herbst RS, Rimm DL. B7-H3 Expression in NSCLC and Its Association with B7-H4, PD-L1 and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes. Clinical Cancer Research : An Official Journal Of The American Association For Cancer Research 2017, 23:5202-5209.
• Strategies to design clinical studies to identify predictive biomarkers in cancer research.Perez-Gracia JL, Sanmamed MF, Bosch A, Patiño-Garcia A, Schalper KA, Segura V, Bellmunt J, Tabernero J, Sweeney CJ, Choueiri TK, Martín M, Fusco JP, Rodriguez-Ruiz ME, Calvo A, Prior C, Paz-Ares L, Pio R, Gonzalez-Billalabeitia E, Gonzalez Hernandez A, Páez D, Piulats JM, Gurpide A, Andueza M, de Velasco G, Pazo R, Grande E, Nicolas P, Abad-Santos F, Garcia-Donas J, Castellano D, Pajares MJ, Suarez C, Colomer R, Montuenga LM, Melero I. Strategies to design clinical studies to identify predictive biomarkers in cancer research. Cancer Treatment Reviews 2017, 53:79-97.
• Clinical Features and Management of Acquired Resistance to PD-1 Axis Inhibitors in 26 Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Gettinger SN, Wurtz A, Goldberg SB, Rimm D, Schalper K, Kaech S, Kavathas P, Chiang A, Lilenbaum R, Zelterman D, Politi K, Herbst R. Clinical Features and Management of Acquired Resistance to PD-1 Axis Inhibitors in 26 Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Journal Of Thoracic Oncology : Official Publication Of The International Association For The Study Of Lung Cancer 2018, 13:831-839.
• Spatially Resolved and Quantitative Analysis of VISTA/PD-1H as a Novel Immunotherapy Target in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Villarroel-Espindola F, Yu X, Datar I, Mani N, Sanmamed MF, Velcheti V, Syrigos KN, Toki MI, Zhao H, Chen L, Herbst RS, Schalper KA. Spatially Resolved and Quantitative Analysis of VISTA/PD-1H as a Novel Immunotherapy Target in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clinical Cancer Research : An Official Journal Of The American Association For Cancer Research 2018, 24:1562-1573.
• Molecular Determinants of Response to Anti-Programmed Cell Death (PD)-1 and Anti-Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Blockade in Patients With Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Profiled With Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing.Rizvi H, Sanchez-Vega F, La K, Chatila W, Jonsson P, Halpenny D, Plodkowski A, Long N, Sauter JL, Rekhtman N, Hollmann T, Schalper KA, Gainor JF, Shen R, Ni A, Arbour KC, Merghoub T, Wolchok J, Snyder A, Chaft JE, Kris MG, Rudin CM, Socci ND, Berger MF, Taylor BS, Zehir A, Solit DB, Arcila ME, Ladanyi M, Riely GJ, Schultz N, Hellmann MD. Molecular Determinants of Response to Anti-Programmed Cell Death (PD)-1 and Anti-Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Blockade in Patients With Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Profiled With Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing. Journal Of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal Of The American Society Of Clinical Oncology 2018, 36:633-641.