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Gerald I Shulman

MD, PhD, MACP, MACE, FRCP
George R. Cowgill Professor of Medicine (Endocrinology) and Professor of Cellular And Molecular Physiology; Co-Director, Yale Diabetes Research Center, Internal Medicine

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Gerald I Shulman, MD, PhD, MACP, MACE, FRCP
Shulman Lab

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Research Summary

Insulin resistance is a major factor responsible for the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/ nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), obesity associated cancers and neurodegenerative disease. Over the last three decades my laboratory has pioneered the development and application of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy combined with stable isotopes and GC-MS, LC-MS/MS analyses to assess tissue specific flux rates of glucose and fat metabolism in vivo in both humans and awake transgenic rodent models of insulin resistance in order to elucidate the molecular basis of insulin resistance. These studies have in turn provided paradigm-shifting insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of lipid-induced insulin resistance in liver and skeletal muscle which my group has established in both humans and rodent models of NAFLD and type 2 diabetes. Based on these studies, my group has now developed novel liver-targeted mitochondrial protonophores that reverse hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, diabetes, NAFLD, NASH and liver fibrosis in rodent models of type 2 diabetes and NASH, which are now in clinical development. During my tenure at Yale, I have had the pleasure of mentoring well over 100 trainees, and more than three dozen of these trainees have gone on to direct their own research laboratories around the world.

Extensive Research Description

Shulman Lab

Mitochondria play an essential role in energy conversion and nearly all of the different components of food pass through the mitochondria for the generation of energy yet surprisingly little is known regarding the regulation of these anaplerotic and cataplerotic mitochondrial fluxes in vivo and the potential role they have in causing rare and common metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and related cardiometabolic diseases.

The Shulman Lab is interested in: 1) Understanding the hormonal regulation of mitochondrial fluxes in vivo using novel NMR and LC-MS/MS methods (e.g. PINTA, Q-Flux) which we have recently developed to measure mitochondrial oxidative and anaplerotic fluxes in an organ (e.g. liver, muscle, renal cortex, brain) specific manner for the first time 2) Understanding the role of dysregulated mitochondrial fluxes in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, lipodystrophy, polycystic kidney disease as well as other rare inherited metabolic diseases, 3) Development of novel agents to promote: a) liver-targeted mitochondrial uncoupling, b) alterations of intracellular NAD+ metabolism, c) alterations of intracellular CoA formation, for the treatment of, diabetes, atherosclerosis, aging and inherited diseases of lipid metabolism, 4) Assess the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on myocardial and atrial mitochondrial metabolism and elucidate the mechanism for their cardioprotective effects, 5) Understand the role of cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca++ in the regulation of hepatic mitochondrial oxidation and gluconeogenesis and 6) Development of additional novel NMR, LC/MS/MS and GC/MS methodology to assess in vivo intracellular flux rates of glucose, amino acid and fatty acid metabolism and their applications to humans and transgenic/gene knockout rodent models of metabolic diseases.

Selected Publications

• Shulman, GI. Role of ectopic fat in insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and cardiometabolic disease. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(12)1131-1141.

• Perry RJ, Camporez JP, Kursawe R, Titchenell PM, Zhang D, Perry CJ, Jurczak MJ, Abudukadier A, Han MS, Zhang XM Ruan HB, Yang, X, Caprio, S, Kaech, SM, Sul, HS, Birnbaum MJ, Davis RJ, Cline GW, Petersen KF, Shulman GI. Hepatic acetyl CoA links adipose tissue inflammation to hepatic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Cell. 2015;(160)745-58.

• Madiraju AK, Erion DM, Rahimi Y, Zhang XM, Braddock DT, Albright RA, Prigaro BJ, Wood JL, Bhanot S, MacDonald MJ, Jurczak, M, Camporez JP, Lee HY, Cline GW, Samuel VT, Kibbey RG, Shulman GI. Metformin suppresses gluconeogenesis by inhibiting mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. Nature. 2014;510:542-546

• Perry RJ, Zhang D, Zhang XM, Boyer JL, Shulman GI. Controlled-release mitochondrial protonophore reverses diabetes and steatohepatitis in rats. Science. 2015;347(6227)1253-56.

• Petersen KF, Befroy DE, Dufour S, Rothman DL, Shulman GI. Direct assessment of hepatic mitochondrial oxidation and pyruvate cycling in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Cell Metab. 2016;24(1)167-71,

• Petersen MC, Madiraju AK, Gassaway BM, Marcel M, Nasiri AR, Butrico G, Marcucci MJ, Zhang D, Abudukadier A, Zhang XM, Philbrick W, Hubbard SR, Jurczak MJ, Samuel VT, Rinehart J, Shulman GI. Insulin receptor Thr1160 phosphorylation mediates lipid-induced hepatic insulin resistance. J Clin Invest, 2016;1-11.

• Perry RJ, Peng L, Abudukadier A, Kennedy L, Cline GW, Shulman GI. Mechanism for leptin’s acute insulin-independent effect to reverse diabetic ketoacidosis. J Clin Invest. 2017;127(2)657-669.

• Perry RJ, Wang Y, Cline GW, Rabin-Court A, Song JD, Dufour S, Zhang XM, Petersen KF, Shulman GI. Leptin mediates a glucose-fatty acid cycle to maintain glucose homeostasis in starvation. Cell. 2018; 172 (1-2) 234-248.

• Roden M, Shulman GI. The Integrative Biology of Type-2 Diabetes. Nature. 576 (7785): 51-60.

• Petersen KF, Dufour S, Cline GW, Shulman GI. Regulation of Hepatic Mitochondrial Oxidation by Glucose-Alanine Cycling During Starvation in Humans. J Clin Invest. 2019; 129 (11): 4671-467.

• Goedeke L, Peng L, Montalvo-Romeral V, Butrico G, Dufour S, Zhang XM, Perry RJ, Cline GW, Kievit P, Chng K, Petersen KF, Shulman GI. Controlled-release Mitochondrial Protonophore (CRMP) Reverses Dyslipidemia and Hepatic Steatosis in Dysmetabolic Nonhuman Primates. Science Translational Medicine. 2019; 11 (512)

• Perry RJ, Zhang D, Guerra MT, Brill AL, Goedeke L, Nasiri AR, Rabin-Court A, Wang Y, Peng L, Dufour S, Zhang Y, Zhang XM, Butrico G, Toussaint K, Nozaki Y, Cline GW, Petersen KF, Nathanson MH, Ehrlich BE, Shulman GI. Glucagon Stimulates Gluconeogenesis by InsP3R-I Mediated Hepatic Lipolysis. Nature. 2020; 579(7798):279-283.

• Hubbard BT, LaMoia TE, Goedeke L, Gaspar RC, Galsgaard KD, Kahn M, Mason GF, Shulman GI. Q-Flux: A Novel Method to Assess Rates of Hepatic Mitochondrial Succinate Dehydrogenase, Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase, and Glutaminase Fluxes in vivo. Cell Metabolism. 2023; 35 (1): 212-226. PMID: 36516861.

Coauthors

Research Interests

Endocrine System Diseases; Insulin Resistance; Molecular Biology; Physiology; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Chemicals and Drugs; Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment

Public Health Interests

Cardiovascular Diseases; Metabolism; Nutrition; Obesity

Selected Publications

  • The PNPLA3 I148M variant increases ketogenesis and decreases hepatic de novo lipogenesis and mitochondrial function in humansLuukkonen P, Porthan K, Ahlholm N, Rosqvist F, Dufour S, Zhang X, Lehtimäki T, Seppänen W, Orho-Melander M, Hodson L, Petersen K, Shulman G, Yki-Järvinen H. The PNPLA3 I148M variant increases ketogenesis and decreases hepatic de novo lipogenesis and mitochondrial function in humans. Cell Metabolism 2023, 35: 1887-1896.e5. PMID: 37909034, DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.10.008.
  • FRI032 Cellular Insights Into Metabolically Healthy And Unhealthy ObesityPetersen M, Smith G, Yu J, Barve R, Yoshino J, Shulman G, Klein S. FRI032 Cellular Insights Into Metabolically Healthy And Unhealthy Obesity. Journal Of The Endocrine Society 2023, 7: bvad114.043. PMCID: PMC10555440, DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad114.043.
  • Hepatocyte CYR61 polarizes profibrotic macrophages to orchestrate NASH fibrosisMooring M, Yeung G, Luukkonen P, Liu S, Akbar M, Zhang G, Balogun O, Yu X, Mo R, Nejak-Bowen K, Poyurovsky M, Booth C, Konnikova L, Shulman G, Yimlamai D. Hepatocyte CYR61 polarizes profibrotic macrophages to orchestrate NASH fibrosis. Science Translational Medicine 2023, 15: eade3157. PMID: 37756381, DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.ade3157.
  • MAD2-dependent insulin receptor endocytosis regulates metabolic homeostasis.Park J, Hall C, Hubbard B, LaMoia T, Gaspar R, Nasiri A, Li F, Zhang H, Kim J, Haeusler R, Accili D, Shulman G, Yu H, Choi E. MAD2-dependent insulin receptor endocytosis regulates metabolic homeostasis. Diabetes 2023 PMID: 37725942, DOI: 10.2337/db23-0314.
  • 1510-P: Lipid-Induced Renal Cortical Insulin Resistance Perturbs Gluconeogenic and Oxidative Metabolism via an sn-1,2-diacylglycerol-PKCe-Insulin Receptor Kinase Axis In VivoHUBBARD B, GASPAR R, ZHANG D, KAHN M, NASIRI A, SHULMAN G. 1510-P: Lipid-Induced Renal Cortical Insulin Resistance Perturbs Gluconeogenic and Oxidative Metabolism via an sn-1,2-diacylglycerol-PKCe-Insulin Receptor Kinase Axis In Vivo. Diabetes 2023, 72 DOI: 10.2337/db23-1510-p.
  • 1569-P: Lysophosphatidic Acid Mediates Inflammation in Liver and White Adipose Tissue in a Rat Model of 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate Acyltransferase 2 DeficiencySAKUMA I, GASPAR R, LUUKKONEN P, KAHN M, MURRAY S, SAMUEL V, PETERSEN K, SHULMAN G. 1569-P: Lysophosphatidic Acid Mediates Inflammation in Liver and White Adipose Tissue in a Rat Model of 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate Acyltransferase 2 Deficiency. Diabetes 2023, 72 DOI: 10.2337/db23-1569-p.
  • 1558-P: The Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter Regulates Hepatic Mitochondrial Oxidation and Intracellular Redox In VivoLAMOIA T, HUBBARD B, GUERRA M, GOODMAN R, NATHANSON M, SHULMAN G. 1558-P: The Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter Regulates Hepatic Mitochondrial Oxidation and Intracellular Redox In Vivo. Diabetes 2023, 72 DOI: 10.2337/db23-1558-p.
  • 192-OR: Lipid-Induced Insulin Resistance in Brown Adipose Tissue Is Mediated by the sn-1,2 DAG-PKCe-IRKT1150 Phosphorylation PathwayGASPAR R, HUBBARD B, SAKUMA I, LAMOIA T, ZHANG D, SHULMAN G. 192-OR: Lipid-Induced Insulin Resistance in Brown Adipose Tissue Is Mediated by the sn-1,2 DAG-PKCe-IRKT1150 Phosphorylation Pathway. Diabetes 2023, 72 DOI: 10.2337/db23-192-or.
  • 191-OR: Deletion of the Type 2 Diabetes Candidate Gene SLC16A11 Reduces Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity in MiceEL-AGROUDY N, SCHUMANN T, KURZBACH A, SANCAR G, SANDFORTH L, HERRMANN C, SHULMAN G, BIRKENFELD A. 191-OR: Deletion of the Type 2 Diabetes Candidate Gene SLC16A11 Reduces Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity in Mice. Diabetes 2023, 72 DOI: 10.2337/db23-191-or.
  • 222-OR: Metformin Reduces Fasting Glycemia in Well-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes by Promoting Aerobic Glycolysis Independent of Decreasing Endogenous Glucose ProductionSARABHAI T, LAMOIA T, FRIESL S, JONUSCHEIT M, PETERSEN K, SHULMAN G, RODEN M. 222-OR: Metformin Reduces Fasting Glycemia in Well-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes by Promoting Aerobic Glycolysis Independent of Decreasing Endogenous Glucose Production. Diabetes 2023, 72 DOI: 10.2337/db23-222-or.
  • 849-P: Antidiabetic Effects of TLC-3595, a Selective ACC2 Inhibitor, in ZDF RatsVIJAYAKUMAR A, MURAKAMI E, HUSS R, SRODA N, SHIMAZAKI A, KASHIWAGI Y, MYERS R, SUBRAMANIAN M, SHULMAN G. 849-P: Antidiabetic Effects of TLC-3595, a Selective ACC2 Inhibitor, in ZDF Rats. Diabetes 2023, 72 DOI: 10.2337/db23-849-p.
  • O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification is essential for physiological adipose expansion induced by high-fat feedingNakamoto A, Ohashi N, Sugawara L, Morino K, Ida S, Perry R, Sakuma I, Yanagimachi T, Fujita Y, Ugi S, Kume S, Shulman G, Maegawa H. O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification is essential for physiological adipose expansion induced by high-fat feeding. AJP Endocrinology And Metabolism 2023, 325: e46-e61. PMID: 37224467, PMCID: PMC10292976, DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00263.2022.
  • Inhibition of HSD17B13 protects against liver fibrosis by inhibition of pyrimidine catabolism in nonalcoholic steatohepatitisLuukkonen P, Sakuma I, Gaspar R, Mooring M, Nasiri A, Kahn M, Zhang X, Zhang D, Sammalkorpi H, Penttilä A, Orho-Melander M, Arola J, Juuti A, Zhang X, Yimlamai D, Yki-Järvinen H, Petersen K, Shulman G. Inhibition of HSD17B13 protects against liver fibrosis by inhibition of pyrimidine catabolism in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2023, 120: e2217543120. PMID: 36669104, PMCID: PMC9942818, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217543120.
  • Q-Flux: A method to assess hepatic mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase, methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, and glutaminase fluxes in vivoHubbard B, LaMoia T, Goedeke L, Gaspar R, Galsgaard K, Kahn M, Mason G, Shulman G. Q-Flux: A method to assess hepatic mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase, methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, and glutaminase fluxes in vivo. Cell Metabolism 2022, 35: 212-226.e4. PMID: 36516861, PMCID: PMC9887731, DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.11.011.
  • Distinct subcellular localisation of intramyocellular lipids and reduced PKCε/PKCθ activity preserve muscle insulin sensitivity in exercise-trained miceGaspar R, Lyu K, Hubbard B, Leitner B, Luukkonen P, Hirabara S, Sakuma I, Nasiri A, Zhang D, Kahn M, Cline G, Pauli J, Perry R, Petersen K, Shulman G. Distinct subcellular localisation of intramyocellular lipids and reduced PKCε/PKCθ activity preserve muscle insulin sensitivity in exercise-trained mice. Diabetologia 2022, 66: 567-578. PMID: 36456864, DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05838-8.
  • Deletion of Jazf1 gene causes early growth retardation and insulin resistance in miceLee H, Jang H, Li H, Samuel V, Dudek K, Osipovich A, Magnuson M, Sklar J, Shulman G. Deletion of Jazf1 gene causes early growth retardation and insulin resistance in mice. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2022, 119: e2213628119. PMID: 36442127, PMCID: PMC9894197, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2213628119.
  • Overexpression of UCP3 decreases mitochondrial efficiency in mouse skeletal muscle in vivoCodella R, Alves TC, Befroy DE, Choi CS, Luzi L, Rothman DL, Kibbey RG, Shulman GI. Overexpression of UCP3 decreases mitochondrial efficiency in mouse skeletal muscle in vivo. FEBS Letters 2022, 597: 309-319. PMID: 36114012, DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14494.
  • Isthmin-1 is an adipokine that promotes glucose uptake and improves glucose tolerance and hepatic steatosisZ J, M Z, L V, Y J, MA A, T S, FY D, AM R, I C, JW K, M W, EA A, CL M, JP C, GI S, L T, ED R, CD G, BM S, KJ S. Isthmin-1 is an adipokine that promotes glucose uptake and improves glucose tolerance and hepatic steatosis. 2022 DOI: 10.1530/ey.19.11.3.
  • Abstract P3032: Liver-directed Mitochondrial Uncoupling Attenuates The Progression Of Early And Late-stage Atherosclerosis In MiceGoedeke L, Zhang X, Sun J, Canfran-Duque A, Rotllan N, Nasiri A, Kahn M, Zhang X, Hernando C, Shulman G. Abstract P3032: Liver-directed Mitochondrial Uncoupling Attenuates The Progression Of Early And Late-stage Atherosclerosis In Mice. Circulation Research 2022, 131: ap3032-ap3032. DOI: 10.1161/res.131.suppl_1.p3032.
  • SAT052 The PNPLA3 I148M variant increases intrahepatic lipolysis and beta oxidation and decreases de novo lipogenesis and hepatic mitochondrial function in humansLuukkonen P, Porthan K, Ahlholm N, Rosqvist F, Dufour S, Zhang X, Dabek J, Lehtimäki T, Seppänen W, Orho-Melander M, Hodson L, Petersen K, Shulman G, Yki-Järvinen H. SAT052 The PNPLA3 I148M variant increases intrahepatic lipolysis and beta oxidation and decreases de novo lipogenesis and hepatic mitochondrial function in humans. Journal Of Hepatology 2022, 77: s690-s691. DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(22)01698-1.
  • SAT104 The effect of glucagon on rates of hepatic mitochondrial oxidation and pyruvate carboxylase flux in man assessed by positional isotopomer tracer analysis (PINTA)Petersen K, Shulman G. SAT104 The effect of glucagon on rates of hepatic mitochondrial oxidation and pyruvate carboxylase flux in man assessed by positional isotopomer tracer analysis (PINTA). Journal Of Hepatology 2022, 77: s714-s715. DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(22)01746-9.
  • 122-LB: Effect of Dapagliflozin on Mitochondrial Metabolism and Cardiac Function in the Failing HeartGOEDEKE L, MA Y, ZHANG J, GUERRERA N, WU X, ZHANG D, KAHN M, ZHANG X, YOUNG L, SHULMAN G. 122-LB: Effect of Dapagliflozin on Mitochondrial Metabolism and Cardiac Function in the Failing Heart. Diabetes 2022, 71 DOI: 10.2337/db22-122-lb.
  • 219-LB: The Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter Regulates Hepatic Lipid Accumulation and Mitochondrial OxidationLAMOIA T, HUBBARD B, GUERRA M, GOODMAN R, NATHANSON M, MOOTHA V, SHULMAN G. 219-LB: The Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter Regulates Hepatic Lipid Accumulation and Mitochondrial Oxidation. Diabetes 2022, 71 DOI: 10.2337/db22-219-lb.
  • 1336-P: FoxO1-ATGL-Sirt1-FoxO1 Feed Forward Signaling Mediates Effects on Hepatic Gene Expression and Glucose Homeostasis in LIRKO MiceO-SULLIVAN I, BHATTACHARYYA S, LIEW C, LEE S, CORDOBA-CHACON J, PERRY R, SHULMAN G, UNTERMAN T. 1336-P: FoxO1-ATGL-Sirt1-FoxO1 Feed Forward Signaling Mediates Effects on Hepatic Gene Expression and Glucose Homeostasis in LIRKO Mice. Diabetes 2022, 71 DOI: 10.2337/db22-1336-p.
  • 195-OR: A Novel 13C5 Glutamine Tracer Method (Q Flux) Reveals a Key Role of Succinyl CoA Anaplerosis in Promoting Increased Rates of Hepatic Gluconeogenesis during HyperglucagonemiaHUBBARD B, SHULMAN G. 195-OR: A Novel 13C5 Glutamine Tracer Method (Q Flux) Reveals a Key Role of Succinyl CoA Anaplerosis in Promoting Increased Rates of Hepatic Gluconeogenesis during Hyperglucagonemia. Diabetes 2022, 71 DOI: 10.2337/db22-195-or.
  • Human Kallistatin Ameliorates Insulin Resistance in Diet Induced Obese MiceSandforth L, Reinke J, Brachs S, Willmes D, McBride J, Peter A, Spranger J, Ma J, Shulman G, Jordan J, Haufe S, Birkenfeld A. Human Kallistatin Ameliorates Insulin Resistance in Diet Induced Obese Mice. Diabetologie Und Stoffwechsel 2022, 17: s14-s15. DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1746251.
  • Brown adipose TRX2 deficiency activates mtDNA-NLRP3 to impair thermogenesis and protect against diet-induced insulin resistanceHuang Y, Zhou JH, Zhang H, Canfrán-Duque A, Singh AK, Perry RJ, Shulman G, Fernandez-Hernando C, Min W. Brown adipose TRX2 deficiency activates mtDNA-NLRP3 to impair thermogenesis and protect against diet-induced insulin resistance. Journal Of Clinical Investigation 2022, 132 PMID: 35202005, PMCID: PMC9057632, DOI: 10.1172/jci148852.
  • Ethnic and gender differences in hepatic lipid content and related cardiometabolic parameters in lean individualsPetersen KF, Dufour S, Li F, Rothman DL, Shulman GI. Ethnic and gender differences in hepatic lipid content and related cardiometabolic parameters in lean individuals. JCI Insight 2022, 7 PMID: 35167495, PMCID: PMC9057590, DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157906.
  • Metformin, phenformin, and galegine inhibit complex IV activity and reduce glycerol-derived gluconeogenesisLaMoia TE, Butrico GM, Kalpage HA, Goedeke L, Hubbard BT, Vatner DF, Gaspar RC, Zhang XM, Cline GW, Nakahara K, Woo S, Shimada A, Hüttemann M, Shulman GI. Metformin, phenformin, and galegine inhibit complex IV activity and reduce glycerol-derived gluconeogenesis. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2022, 119: e2122287119. PMID: 35238637, PMCID: PMC8916010, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122287119.
  • Bioactive lipids and metabolic syndrome—a symposium reportDeVito LM, Dennis EA, Kahn BB, Shulman GI, Witztum JL, Sadhu S, Nickels J, Spite M, Smyth S, Spiegel S. Bioactive lipids and metabolic syndrome—a symposium report. Annals Of The New York Academy Of Sciences 2022, 1511: 87-106. PMID: 35218041, PMCID: PMC9219555, DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14752.
  • Dyrk1b promotes hepatic lipogenesis by bypassing canonical insulin signaling and directly activating mTORC2 in miceBhat N, Narayanan A, Fathzadeh M, Kahn M, Zhang D, Goedeke L, Neogi A, Cardone RL, Kibbey RG, Fernandez-Hernando C, Ginsberg HN, Jain D, Shulman G, Mani A. Dyrk1b promotes hepatic lipogenesis by bypassing canonical insulin signaling and directly activating mTORC2 in mice. Journal Of Clinical Investigation 2022, 132: e153724. PMID: 34855620, PMCID: PMC8803348, DOI: 10.1172/jci153724.
  • Sex‐ and strain‐specific effects of mitochondrial uncoupling on age‐related metabolic diseases in high‐fat diet‐fed miceGoedeke L, Murt KN, Di Francesco A, Camporez JP, Nasiri AR, Wang Y, Zhang X, Cline GW, de Cabo R, Shulman GI. Sex‐ and strain‐specific effects of mitochondrial uncoupling on age‐related metabolic diseases in high‐fat diet‐fed mice. Aging Cell 2022, 21: e13539. PMID: 35088525, PMCID: PMC8844126, DOI: 10.1111/acel.13539.
  • IL-27 signalling promotes adipocyte thermogenesis and energy expenditureWang Q, Li D, Cao G, Shi Q, Zhu J, Zhang M, Cheng H, Wen Q, Xu H, Zhu L, Zhang H, Perry RJ, Spadaro O, Yang Y, He S, Chen Y, Wang B, Li G, Liu Z, Yang C, Wu X, Zhou L, Zhou Q, Ju Z, Lu H, Xin Y, Yang X, Wang C, Liu Y, Shulman GI, Dixit VD, Lu L, Yang H, Flavell RA, Yin Z. IL-27 signalling promotes adipocyte thermogenesis and energy expenditure. Nature 2021, 600: 314-318. PMID: 34819664, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04127-5.
  • MMAB promotes negative feedback control of cholesterol homeostasisGoedeke L, Canfrán-Duque A, Rotllan N, Chaube B, Thompson BM, Lee RG, Cline GW, McDonald JG, Shulman GI, Lasunción MA, Suárez Y, Fernández-Hernando C. MMAB promotes negative feedback control of cholesterol homeostasis. Nature Communications 2021, 12: 6448. PMID: 34750386, PMCID: PMC8575900, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26787-7.
  • CIDEA expression in SAT from adolescent girls with obesity and unfavorable patterns of abdominal fat distributionTarabra E, Nouws J, Vash‐Margita A, Hellerstein M, Shabanova V, McCollum S, Pierpont B, Zhao D, Shulman GI, Caprio S. CIDEA expression in SAT from adolescent girls with obesity and unfavorable patterns of abdominal fat distribution. Obesity 2021, 29: 2068-2080. PMID: 34672413, PMCID: PMC8612981, DOI: 10.1002/oby.23295.
  • Isthmin-1 is an adipokine that promotes glucose uptake and improves glucose tolerance and hepatic steatosisJiang Z, Zhao M, Voilquin L, Jung Y, Aikio MA, Sahai T, Dou FY, Roche AM, Carcamo-Orive I, Knowles JW, Wabitsch M, Appel EA, Maikawa CL, Camporez JP, Shulman GI, Tsai L, Rosen ED, Gardner CD, Spiegelman BM, Svensson KJ. Isthmin-1 is an adipokine that promotes glucose uptake and improves glucose tolerance and hepatic steatosis. Cell Metabolism 2021, 33: 1836-1852.e11. PMID: 34348115, PMCID: PMC8429235, DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.07.010.
  • Publisher Correction: Deletion of the diabetes candidate gene Slc16a13 in mice attenuates diet-induced ectopic lipid accumulation and insulin resistanceSchumann T, König J, von Loeffelholz C, Vatner DF, Zhang D, Perry RJ, Bernier M, Chami J, Henke C, Kurzbach A, El-Agroudy NN, Willmes DM, Pesta D, de Cabo R, O´Sullivan J, Simon E, Shulman GI, Hamilton BS, Birkenfeld AL. Publisher Correction: Deletion of the diabetes candidate gene Slc16a13 in mice attenuates diet-induced ectopic lipid accumulation and insulin resistance. Communications Biology 2021, 4: 890. PMID: 34262128, PMCID: PMC8280181, DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02425-2.
  • Deletion of the diabetes candidate gene Slc16a13 in mice attenuates diet-induced ectopic lipid accumulation and insulin resistanceSchumann T, König J, von Loeffelholz C, Vatner DF, Zhang D, Perry RJ, Bernier M, Chami J, Henke C, Kurzbach A, El-Agroudy NN, Willmes DM, Pesta D, de Cabo R, O´Sullivan J, Simon E, Shulman GI, Hamilton BS, Birkenfeld AL. Deletion of the diabetes candidate gene Slc16a13 in mice attenuates diet-induced ectopic lipid accumulation and insulin resistance. Communications Biology 2021, 4: 826. PMID: 34211098, PMCID: PMC8249653, DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02279-8.
  • 323-OR: SGLT2 Inhibition Promotes Myocardial Ketone Utilization in the Normal and Failing HeartGOEDEKE L, LEE J, MA Y, HU X, ZHANG J, DONG J, GALSGAARD K, GUERRERA N, HAEDERSDAL S, ZHANG X, PERRY R, CLINE G, YOUNG L, SHULMAN G. 323-OR: SGLT2 Inhibition Promotes Myocardial Ketone Utilization in the Normal and Failing Heart. Diabetes 2021, 70 DOI: 10.2337/db21-323-or.
  • 281-OR: Endothelial Cell Cd36 Regulates Systemic Glucose and Lipid MetabolismGOEDEKE L, SON N, LAMOIA T, NASIRI A, KAHN M, ZHANG X, CLINE G, GOLDBERG I, SHULMAN G. 281-OR: Endothelial Cell Cd36 Regulates Systemic Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. Diabetes 2021, 70 DOI: 10.2337/db21-281-or.
  • 335-OR: Lipid-Induced Insulin Resistance in the Renal Cortex Is Associated with Plasma Membrane Sn-1,2-diacylglycerol Accumulation and PKCe TranslocationHUBBARD B, GASPAR R, ZHANG D, KAHN M, NASIRI A, ZHANG X, CLINE G, SHULMAN G. 335-OR: Lipid-Induced Insulin Resistance in the Renal Cortex Is Associated with Plasma Membrane Sn-1,2-diacylglycerol Accumulation and PKCe Translocation. Diabetes 2021, 70 DOI: 10.2337/db21-335-or.
  • 501-P: Lower Plasma Membrane Sn-1,2-Diacylglycerol Content and PKCepsilon/theta Activity Explain the Athlete’s ParadoxGASPAR R, LYU K, HUBBARD B, LEITNER B, LUUKKONEN P, HIRABARA S, SAKUMA I, NASIRI A, ZHANG D, KAHN M, CLINE G, PAULI J, PERRY R, PETERSEN K, SHULMAN G. 501-P: Lower Plasma Membrane Sn-1,2-Diacylglycerol Content and PKCepsilon/theta Activity Explain the Athlete’s Paradox. Diabetes 2021, 70 DOI: 10.2337/db21-501-p.
  • 282-OR: The Effect of Glucagon on Rates of Hepatic Mitochondrial Oxidation and Pyruvate Carboxylase Flux in Man Assessed by Positional Isotopomer NMR Tracer Analysis (PINTA)PETERSEN K, SHULMAN G. 282-OR: The Effect of Glucagon on Rates of Hepatic Mitochondrial Oxidation and Pyruvate Carboxylase Flux in Man Assessed by Positional Isotopomer NMR Tracer Analysis (PINTA). Diabetes 2021, 70 DOI: 10.2337/db21-282-or.
  • A Single Virtual Consult Reduces Severe Hyperglycemia in Patients Admitted with COVID19 InfectionAthonvarangkul D, Gunawan F, Nagel K, Bak L, Herold K, Hwang J, Jastreboff A, Kibbey R, Shulman G, Vatner D, Alausa J, Subair L, Inzucchi S. A Single Virtual Consult Reduces Severe Hyperglycemia in Patients Admitted with COVID19 Infection. Journal Of The Endocrine Society 2021, 5: a335-a335. PMCID: PMC8089507, DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab048.683.
  • Mechanisms and disease consequences of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseaseLoomba R, Friedman SL, Shulman GI. Mechanisms and disease consequences of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Cell 2021, 184: 2537-2564. PMID: 33989548, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.015.
  • Validation of a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for the Measurement of the Redox State Metabolic Ratios Lactate/Pyruvate and β-Hydroxybutyrate/Acetoacetate in Biological SamplesWijngaard R, Perramón M, Parra-Robert M, Hidalgo S, Butrico G, Morales-Ruiz M, Zeng M, Casals E, Jiménez W, Fernández-Varo G, Shulman GI, Cline GW, Casals G. Validation of a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for the Measurement of the Redox State Metabolic Ratios Lactate/Pyruvate and β-Hydroxybutyrate/Acetoacetate in Biological Samples. International Journal Of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22: 4752. PMID: 33946157, PMCID: PMC8125771, DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094752.
  • Reply to Carter et al.: An alternative hypothesis for why exposure to static magnetic and electric fields treats type 2 diabetesPetersen KF, Rothman D, Shulman GI. Reply to Carter et al.: An alternative hypothesis for why exposure to static magnetic and electric fields treats type 2 diabetes. AJP Endocrinology And Metabolism 2021, 320: e1003-e1003. PMID: 33843277, DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00120.2021.
  • Point: An alternative hypothesis for why exposure to static magnetic and electric fields treats type 2 diabetesPetersen KF, Rothman D, Shulman GI. Point: An alternative hypothesis for why exposure to static magnetic and electric fields treats type 2 diabetes. AJP Endocrinology And Metabolism 2021, 320: e999-e1000. PMID: 33843279, DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00657.2020.
  • Insulin-stimulated endoproteolytic TUG cleavage links energy expenditure with glucose uptakeHabtemichael EN, Li DT, Camporez JP, Westergaard XO, Sales CI, Liu X, López-Giráldez F, DeVries SG, Li H, Ruiz DM, Wang KY, Sayal BS, González Zapata S, Dann P, Brown SN, Hirabara S, Vatner DF, Goedeke L, Philbrick W, Shulman GI, Bogan JS. Insulin-stimulated endoproteolytic TUG cleavage links energy expenditure with glucose uptake. Nature Metabolism 2021, 3: 378-393. PMID: 33686286, PMCID: PMC7990718, DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00359-x.
  • Therapeutic potential of mitochondrial uncouplers for the treatment of metabolic associated fatty liver disease and NASHGoedeke L, Shulman GI. Therapeutic potential of mitochondrial uncouplers for the treatment of metabolic associated fatty liver disease and NASH. Molecular Metabolism 2021, 46: 101178. PMID: 33545391, PMCID: PMC8085597, DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101178.
  • An update on brown adipose tissue biology: a discussion of recent findingsGaspar RC, Pauli JR, Shulman GI, Muñoz VR. An update on brown adipose tissue biology: a discussion of recent findings. AJP Endocrinology And Metabolism 2021, 320: e488-e495. PMID: 33459179, PMCID: PMC7988785, DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00310.2020.
  • Short-term overnutrition induces white adipose tissue insulin resistance through sn-1,2-diacylglycerol – PKCε – insulin receptorT1160 phosphorylationLyu K, Zhang D, Song J, Li X, Perry RJ, Samuel VT, Shulman GI. Short-term overnutrition induces white adipose tissue insulin resistance through sn-1,2-diacylglycerol – PKCε – insulin receptorT1160 phosphorylation. JCI Insight 2021, 6: e139946. PMID: 33411692, PMCID: PMC7934919, DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.139946.
  • A feed-forward regulatory loop in adipose tissue promotes signaling by the hepatokine FGF21Han MS, Perry RJ, Camporez JP, Scherer PE, Shulman GI, Gao G, Davis RJ. A feed-forward regulatory loop in adipose tissue promotes signaling by the hepatokine FGF21. Genes & Development 2020, 35: 133-146. PMID: 33334822, PMCID: PMC7778269, DOI: 10.1101/gad.344556.120.
  • Mitophagy-mediated adipose inflammation contributes to type 2 diabetes with hepatic insulin resistanceHe F, Huang Y, Song Z, Zhou HJ, Zhang H, Perry RJ, Shulman GI, Min W. Mitophagy-mediated adipose inflammation contributes to type 2 diabetes with hepatic insulin resistance. Journal Of Experimental Medicine 2020, 218: e20201416. PMID: 33315085, PMCID: PMC7927432, DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201416.
  • Mechanisms by which adiponectin reverses high fat diet-induced insulin resistance in miceLi X, Zhang D, Vatner DF, Goedeke L, Hirabara SM, Zhang Y, Perry RJ, Shulman GI. Mechanisms by which adiponectin reverses high fat diet-induced insulin resistance in mice. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2020, 117: 32584-32593. PMID: 33293421, PMCID: PMC7768680, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1922169117.
  • Hepatic Insulin Resistance Is Not Pathway Selective in Humans With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.Ter Horst KW, Vatner DF, Zhang D, Cline GW, Ackermans MT, Nederveen AJ, Verheij J, Demirkiran A, van Wagensveld BA, Dallinga-Thie GM, Nieuwdorp M, Romijn JA, Shulman GI, Serlie MJ. Hepatic Insulin Resistance Is Not Pathway Selective in Humans With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Diabetes Care 2020, 44: 489-498. PMID: 33293347, PMCID: PMC7818337, DOI: 10.2337/dc20-1644.
  • Membrane-bound sn-1,2-diacylglycerols explain the dissociation of hepatic insulin resistance from hepatic steatosis in MTTP knockout mice.Abulizi A, Vatner DF, Ye Z, Wang Y, Camporez JP, Zhang D, Kahn M, Lyu K, Sirwi A, Cline GW, Hussain MM, Aspichueta P, Samuel VT, Shulman GI. Membrane-bound sn-1,2-diacylglycerols explain the dissociation of hepatic insulin resistance from hepatic steatosis in MTTP knockout mice. Journal Of Lipid Research 2020, 61: 1565-1576. PMID: 33455703, DOI: 10.1194/jlr.RA119000586.
  • Membrane-bound sn-1,2-diacylglycerols explain the dissociation of hepatic insulin resistance from hepatic steatosis in MTTP knockout mice.Abulizi A, Vatner DF, Ye Z, Wang Y, Camporez JP, Zhang D, Kahn M, Lyu K, Sirwi A, Cline GW, Hussain MM, Aspichueta P, Samuel VT, Shulman GI. Membrane-bound sn-1,2-diacylglycerols explain the dissociation of hepatic insulin resistance from hepatic steatosis in MTTP knockout mice. Journal Of Lipid Research 2020, 61: 1565-1576. PMID: 33531237, DOI: 10.1194/jlr.RA119000586.
  • Effect of a Low-Fat Vegan Diet on Body Weight, Insulin Sensitivity, Postprandial Metabolism, and Intramyocellular and Hepatocellular Lipid Levels in Overweight AdultsKahleova H, Petersen KF, Shulman GI, Alwarith J, Rembert E, Tura A, Hill M, Holubkov R, Barnard ND. Effect of a Low-Fat Vegan Diet on Body Weight, Insulin Sensitivity, Postprandial Metabolism, and Intramyocellular and Hepatocellular Lipid Levels in Overweight Adults. JAMA Network Open 2020, 3: e2025454. PMID: 33252690, PMCID: PMC7705596, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25454.
  • Leptin’s hunger-suppressing effects are mediated by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis in rodentsRJ P, JM R, AM D, JC M, A R, H K, C W, JD S, BB L, GI S. Leptin’s hunger-suppressing effects are mediated by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis in rodents. 2020 DOI: 10.1530/ey.17.11.6.
  • Leptin mediates postprandial increases in body temperature through hypothalamus–adrenal medulla–adipose tissue crosstalkRJ P, K L, A R, J D, X L, Y Y, H Q, A W, X Y, GI S. Leptin mediates postprandial increases in body temperature through hypothalamus–adrenal medulla–adipose tissue crosstalk. 2020 DOI: 10.1530/ey.17.11.7.
  • A MicroRNA Linking Human Positive Selection and Metabolic DisordersWang L, Sinnott-Armstrong N, Wagschal A, Wark AR, Camporez JP, Perry RJ, Ji F, Sohn Y, Oh J, Wu S, Chery J, Moud BN, Saadat A, Dankel SN, Mellgren G, Tallapragada DSP, Strobel SM, Lee MJ, Tewhey R, Sabeti PC, Schaefer A, Petri A, Kauppinen S, Chung RT, Soukas A, Avruch J, Fried SK, Hauner H, Sadreyev RI, Shulman GI, Claussnitzer M, Näär AM. A MicroRNA Linking Human Positive Selection and Metabolic Disorders. Cell 2020, 183: 684-701.e14. PMID: 33058756, PMCID: PMC8092355, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.017.
  • Dissociation of Muscle Insulin Resistance from Alterations in Mitochondrial Substrate PreferenceSong JD, Alves TC, Befroy DE, Perry RJ, Mason GF, Zhang XM, Munk A, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Cline GW, Rothman DL, Petersen KF, Shulman GI. Dissociation of Muscle Insulin Resistance from Alterations in Mitochondrial Substrate Preference. Cell Metabolism 2020, 32: 726-735.e5. PMID: 33035493, PMCID: PMC8218871, DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.09.008.
  • Obesity-Linked PPARγ S273 Phosphorylation Promotes Insulin Resistance through Growth Differentiation Factor 3Hall JA, Ramachandran D, Roh HC, DiSpirito JR, Belchior T, Zushin PH, Palmer C, Hong S, Mina AI, Liu B, Deng Z, Aryal P, Jacobs C, Tenen D, Brown CW, Charles JF, Shulman GI, Kahn BB, Tsai LTY, Rosen ED, Spiegelman BM, Banks AS. Obesity-Linked PPARγ S273 Phosphorylation Promotes Insulin Resistance through Growth Differentiation Factor 3. Cell Metabolism 2020, 32: 665-675.e6. PMID: 32941798, PMCID: PMC7543662, DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.08.016.
  • Membrane-bound sn-1,2-diacylglycerols explain the dissociation of hepatic insulin resistance from hepatic steatosis in MTTP knockout miceAbulizi A, Vatner DF, Ye Z, Wang Y, Camporez JP, Zhang D, Kahn M, Lyu K, Sirwi A, Cline GW, Hussain MM, Aspichueta P, Samuel VT, Shulman GI. Membrane-bound sn-1,2-diacylglycerols explain the dissociation of hepatic insulin resistance from hepatic steatosis in MTTP knockout mice. Journal Of Lipid Research 2020, 61: 1565-1576. PMID: 32907986, PMCID: PMC7707176, DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000586.
  • Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Metformin ActionLaMoia TE, Shulman GI. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Metformin Action. Endocrine Reviews 2020, 42: bnaa023-. PMID: 32897388, PMCID: PMC7846086, DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaa023.
  • A Membrane-Bound Diacylglycerol Species Induces PKCϵ-Mediated Hepatic Insulin ResistanceLyu K, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Kahn M, Ter Horst KW, Rodrigues MRS, Gaspar RC, Hirabara SM, Luukkonen PK, Lee S, Bhanot S, Rinehart J, Blume N, Rasch MG, Serlie MJ, Bogan JS, Cline GW, Samuel VT, Shulman GI. A Membrane-Bound Diacylglycerol Species Induces PKCϵ-Mediated Hepatic Insulin Resistance. Cell Metabolism 2020, 32: 654-664.e5. PMID: 32882164, PMCID: PMC7544641, DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.08.001.
  • Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors: Understanding the mechanisms for therapeutic promise and persisting risksPerry RJ, Shulman GI. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors: Understanding the mechanisms for therapeutic promise and persisting risks. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 2020, 295: 14379-14390. PMID: 32796035, PMCID: PMC7573269, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.008387.
  • Myosteatosis in the Context of Skeletal Muscle Function Deficit: An Interdisciplinary Workshop at the National Institute on AgingCorrea-de-Araujo R, Addison O, Miljkovic I, Goodpaster BH, Bergman BC, Clark RV, Elena JW, Esser KA, Ferrucci L, Harris-Love MO, Kritchevsky SB, Lorbergs A, Shepherd JA, Shulman GI, Rosen CJ. Myosteatosis in the Context of Skeletal Muscle Function Deficit: An Interdisciplinary Workshop at the National Institute on Aging. Frontiers In Physiology 2020, 11: 963. PMID: 32903666, PMCID: PMC7438777, DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00963.
  • AS018 Carbohydrate restriction reverses NAFLD by altering hepatic mitochondrial fluxes in humansLuukkonen P, Dufour S, Lyu K, Zhang X, Hakkarainen A, Lehtimäki T, Cline G, Petersen K, Shulman G, Yki-Järvinen H. AS018 Carbohydrate restriction reverses NAFLD by altering hepatic mitochondrial fluxes in humans. Journal Of Hepatology 2020, 73: s14. DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(20)30588-2.
  • OGT suppresses S6K1-mediated macrophage inflammation and metabolic disturbanceYang Y, Li X, Luan HH, Zhang B, Zhang K, Nam JH, Li Z, Fu M, Munk A, Zhang D, Wang S, Liu Y, Albuquerque JP, Ong Q, Li R, Wang Q, Robert ME, Perry RJ, Chung D, Shulman GI, Yang X. OGT suppresses S6K1-mediated macrophage inflammation and metabolic disturbance. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2020, 117: 16616-16625. PMID: 32601203, PMCID: PMC7368321, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1916121117.
  • Erratum. TFAM Enhances Fat Oxidation and Attenuates High-Fat Diet–Induced Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle. Diabetes 2019;68:1552–1564Koh JH, Johnson ML, Dasari S, LeBrasseur NK, Vuckovic I, Henderson GC, Cooper SA, Manjunatha S, Ruegsegger GN, Shulman GI, Lanza IR, Nair KS. Erratum. TFAM Enhances Fat Oxidation and Attenuates High-Fat Diet–Induced Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle. Diabetes 2019;68:1552–1564. Diabetes 2020, 69: 1854-1854. PMID: 32532806, PMCID: PMC7519475, DOI: 10.2337/db20-er08a.
  • 205-OR: Hepatic Protein Kinase C-e Is Necessary and Sufficient in Mediating Lipid-Induced Hepatic Insulin ResistanceLYU K, ZHANG D, KAHN M, RODRIGUES M, HIRABARA S, LUUKKONEN P, LEE S, BHANOT S, RINEHART J, BLUME N, RASCH M, SERLIE M, BOGAN J, CLINE G, SAMUEL V, SHULMAN G. 205-OR: Hepatic Protein Kinase C-e Is Necessary and Sufficient in Mediating Lipid-Induced Hepatic Insulin Resistance. Diabetes 2020, 69 DOI: 10.2337/db20-205-or.
  • 1713-P: Adipocyte O-GlcNAc Transferase Regulate Adipogenesis through De Novo Lipogenesis in MiceMORINO K, TSUJI A, OHASHI N, IDA S, PERRY R, UGI S, FUJITA Y, SHULMAN G, MAEGAWA H. 1713-P: Adipocyte O-GlcNAc Transferase Regulate Adipogenesis through De Novo Lipogenesis in Mice. Diabetes 2020, 69 DOI: 10.2337/db20-1713-p.
  • 459-P: Liver-Targeted Mitochondrial Uncoupling by CRMP Improves Whole-Body Insulin Sensitivity and Attenuates Atherosclerosis in A LDLR-/- Mouse Model of Metabolic SyndromeGOEDEKE L, ROTLLAN N, TOUSSAINT K, NASIRI A, ZHANG X, LEE J, ZHANG X, FERNÁNDEZ-HERNANDO C, SHULMAN G. 459-P: Liver-Targeted Mitochondrial Uncoupling by CRMP Improves Whole-Body Insulin Sensitivity and Attenuates Atherosclerosis in A LDLR-/- Mouse Model of Metabolic Syndrome. Diabetes 2020, 69 DOI: 10.2337/db20-459-p.
  • 220-LB: Glucagon Promotes Hepatic Autophagy by AMPK-Mediated mTORC1 InhibitionGALSGAARD K, WEWER ALBRECHTSEN N, HOLST J, SHULMAN G, PETERSEN K, NASIRI A, CLINE G, ZHANG X, LEE J, HUBBARD B. 220-LB: Glucagon Promotes Hepatic Autophagy by AMPK-Mediated mTORC1 Inhibition. Diabetes 2020, 69 DOI: 10.2337/db20-220-lb.
  • 224-LB: Role of the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter in the Regulation of Hepatic Mitochondrial Metabolism and GluconeogenesisLAMOIA T, LEE J, GUERRA M, GOODMAN R, SHULMAN G. 224-LB: Role of the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter in the Regulation of Hepatic Mitochondrial Metabolism and Gluconeogenesis. Diabetes 2020, 69 DOI: 10.2337/db20-224-lb.
  • MON-635 FDXR Regulates Iron Metabolism and Glucose Metabolism in LiverSakuma I, Yokoyama M, Yamagata K, Hashimoto N, Nakayama A, Shulman G, Tanaka T. MON-635 FDXR Regulates Iron Metabolism and Glucose Metabolism in Liver. Journal Of The Endocrine Society 2020, 4: mon-635. PMCID: PMC7207756, DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa046.1557.
  • The omentum of obese girls harbors small adipocytes and browning transcriptsTarabra E, Nouws J, Vash-Margita A, Nadzam GS, Goldberg-Gell R, Van Name M, Pierpont B, Knight J, Shulman GI, Caprio S. The omentum of obese girls harbors small adipocytes and browning transcripts. JCI Insight 2020, 5 PMID: 32125283, PMCID: PMC7213797, DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.135448.
  • Metabolic control analysis of hepatic glycogen synthesis in vivoNozaki Y, Petersen MC, Zhang D, Vatner DF, Perry RJ, Abulizi A, Haedersdal S, Zhang XM, Butrico GM, Samuel VT, Mason GF, Cline GW, Petersen KF, Rothman DL, Shulman GI. Metabolic control analysis of hepatic glycogen synthesis in vivo. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2020, 117: 8166-8176. PMID: 32188779, PMCID: PMC7149488, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921694117.
  • One-leg inactivity induces a reduction in mitochondrial oxidative capacity, intramyocellular lipid accumulation and reduced insulin signalling upon lipid infusion: a human study with unilateral limb suspensionBilet L, Phielix E, van de Weijer T, Gemmink A, Bosma M, Moonen-Kornips E, Jorgensen JA, Schaart G, Zhang D, Meijer K, Hopman M, Hesselink MKC, Ouwens DM, Shulman GI, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB, Schrauwen P. One-leg inactivity induces a reduction in mitochondrial oxidative capacity, intramyocellular lipid accumulation and reduced insulin signalling upon lipid infusion: a human study with unilateral limb suspension. Diabetologia 2020, 63: 1211-1222. PMID: 32185462, PMCID: PMC7228997, DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05128-1.
  • Effect of a ketogenic diet on hepatic steatosis and hepatic mitochondrial metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver diseaseLuukkonen PK, Dufour S, Lyu K, Zhang XM, Hakkarainen A, Lehtimäki TE, Cline GW, Petersen KF, Shulman GI, Yki-Järvinen H. Effect of a ketogenic diet on hepatic steatosis and hepatic mitochondrial metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2020, 117: 7347-7354. PMID: 32179679, PMCID: PMC7132133, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1922344117.
  • Leptin mediates postprandial increases in body temperature through hypothalamus–adrenal medulla–adipose tissue crosstalkPerry RJ, Lyu K, Rabin-Court A, Dong J, Li X, Yang Y, Qing H, Wang A, Yang X, Shulman GI. Leptin mediates postprandial increases in body temperature through hypothalamus–adrenal medulla–adipose tissue crosstalk. Journal Of Clinical Investigation 2020, 130: 2001-2016. PMID: 32149734, PMCID: PMC7108915, DOI: 10.1172/jci134699.
  • Glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis by INSP3R1-mediated hepatic lipolysisPerry RJ, Zhang D, Guerra MT, Brill AL, Goedeke L, Nasiri AR, Rabin-Court A, Wang Y, Peng L, Dufour S, Zhang Y, Zhang XM, Butrico GM, Toussaint K, Nozaki Y, Cline GW, Petersen KF, Nathanson MH, Ehrlich BE, Shulman GI. Glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis by INSP3R1-mediated hepatic lipolysis. Nature 2020, 579: 279-283. PMID: 32132708, PMCID: PMC7101062, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2074-6.
  • Slc20a1/Pit1 and Slc20a2/Pit2 are essential for normal skeletal myofiber function and survivalChande S, Caballero D, Ho BB, Fetene J, Serna J, Pesta D, Nasiri A, Jurczak M, Chavkin NW, Hernando N, Giachelli CM, Wagner CA, Zeiss C, Shulman GI, Bergwitz C. Slc20a1/Pit1 and Slc20a2/Pit2 are essential for normal skeletal myofiber function and survival. Scientific Reports 2020, 10: 3069. PMID: 32080237, PMCID: PMC7033257, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59430-4.
  • Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Insulin Resistance, and Potential Genetic ImplicationsPotential Role of Alterations in Mitochondrial Function in the Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance and Type 2 DiabetesSangwung P, Petersen KF, Shulman GI, Knowles JW. Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Insulin Resistance, and Potential Genetic ImplicationsPotential Role of Alterations in Mitochondrial Function in the Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes. Endocrinology 2020, 161: bqaa017. PMID: 32060542, PMCID: PMC7341556, DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa017.
  • Regulation of adipose tissue inflammation by interleukin 6Han MS, White A, Perry RJ, Camporez JP, Hidalgo J, Shulman GI, Davis RJ. Regulation of adipose tissue inflammation by interleukin 6. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2020, 117: 2751-2760. PMID: 31980524, PMCID: PMC7022151, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920004117.
  • Non‐alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Insulin ResistancePetersen M, Samuel V, Petersen K, Shulman G. Non‐alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Insulin Resistance. 2020, 455-471. DOI: 10.1002/9781119436812.ch37.
  • Mechanistic Links between Obesity, Insulin, and CancerPerry RJ, Shulman GI. Mechanistic Links between Obesity, Insulin, and Cancer. Trends In Cancer 2020, 6: 75-78. PMID: 32061306, PMCID: PMC7214048, DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.12.003.
  • The integrative biology of type 2 diabetesRoden M, Shulman GI. The integrative biology of type 2 diabetes. Nature 2019, 576: 51-60. PMID: 31802013, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1797-8.
  • Distinct Hepatic PKA and CDK Signaling Pathways Control Activity-Independent Pyruvate Kinase Phosphorylation and Hepatic Glucose ProductionGassaway BM, Cardone RL, Padyana AK, Petersen MC, Judd ET, Hayes S, Tong S, Barber KW, Apostolidi M, Abulizi A, Sheetz JB, Kshitiz, Aerni HR, Gross S, Kung C, Samuel VT, Shulman GI, Kibbey RG, Rinehart J. Distinct Hepatic PKA and CDK Signaling Pathways Control Activity-Independent Pyruvate Kinase Phosphorylation and Hepatic Glucose Production. Cell Reports 2019, 29: 3394-3404.e9. PMID: 31825824, PMCID: PMC6951436, DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.009.
  • Hepatic insulin sensitivity is improved in high‐fat diet‐fed Park2 knockout mice in association with increased hepatic AMPK activation and reduced steatosisEdmunds LR, Huckestein BR, Kahn M, Zhang D, Chu Y, Zhang Y, Wendell SG, Shulman GI, Jurczak MJ. Hepatic insulin sensitivity is improved in high‐fat diet‐fed Park2 knockout mice in association with increased hepatic AMPK activation and reduced steatosis. Physiological Reports 2019, 7: e14281. PMID: 31724300, PMCID: PMC6854109, DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14281.
  • Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Insulin Resistance, and CeramidesSamuel VT, Shulman GI. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Insulin Resistance, and Ceramides. New England Journal Of Medicine 2019, 381: 1866-1869. PMID: 31693811, DOI: 10.1056/nejmcibr1910023.
  • Adipsin preserves beta cells in diabetic mice and associates with protection from type 2 diabetes in humansGómez-Banoy N, Guseh JS, Li G, Rubio-Navarro A, Chen T, Poirier B, Putzel G, Rosselot C, Pabón MA, Camporez JP, Bhambhani V, Hwang SJ, Yao C, Perry RJ, Mukherjee S, Larson MG, Levy D, Dow LE, Shulman GI, Dephoure N, Garcia-Ocana A, Hao M, Spiegelman BM, Ho JE, Lo JC. Adipsin preserves beta cells in diabetic mice and associates with protection from type 2 diabetes in humans. Nature Medicine 2019, 25: 1739-1747. PMID: 31700183, PMCID: PMC7256970, DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0610-4.
  • Controlled-release mitochondrial protonophore (CRMP) reverses dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis in dysmetabolic nonhuman primatesGoedeke L, Peng L, Montalvo-Romeral V, Butrico GM, Dufour S, Zhang XM, Perry RJ, Cline GW, Kievit P, Chng K, Petersen KF, Shulman GI. Controlled-release mitochondrial protonophore (CRMP) reverses dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis in dysmetabolic nonhuman primates. Science Translational Medicine 2019, 11 PMID: 31578240, PMCID: PMC6996238, DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay0284.
  • Anti‐inflammatory effects of oestrogen mediate the sexual dimorphic response to lipid‐induced insulin resistanceCamporez JP, Lyu K, Goldberg EL, Zhang D, Cline GW, Jurczak MJ, Dixit VD, Petersen KF, Shulman GI. Anti‐inflammatory effects of oestrogen mediate the sexual dimorphic response to lipid‐induced insulin resistance. The Journal Of Physiology 2019, 597: 3885-3903. PMID: 31206703, PMCID: PMC6876753, DOI: 10.1113/jp277270.
  • Abstract 797: Obesity-associated, but not obesity-independent, tumors respond to insulin by increasing mitochondrial glucose oxidationRabin-Court A, Shulman G, Perry R. Abstract 797: Obesity-associated, but not obesity-independent, tumors respond to insulin by increasing mitochondrial glucose oxidation. Cancer Research 2019, 79: 797-797. DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-797.
  • Abstract 797: Obesity-associated, but not obesity-independent, tumors respond to insulin by increasing mitochondrial glucose oxidationRabin-Court A, Shulman G, Perry R. Abstract 797: Obesity-associated, but not obesity-independent, tumors respond to insulin by increasing mitochondrial glucose oxidation. 2019, 797-797. DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-797.
  • 99-OR: Leptin Mediates Postprandial Thermogenesis through a Hypothalamic-Adrenomedullary-BAT AxisPERRY R, RABIN-COURT A, DONG J, LYU K, LI X, SHULMAN G. 99-OR: Leptin Mediates Postprandial Thermogenesis through a Hypothalamic-Adrenomedullary-BAT Axis. Diabetes 2019, 68 DOI: 10.2337/db19-99-or.
  • 266-OR: Plasma Membrane sn-1,2 Diacylglycerol Mediates Lipid-Induced Hepatic Insulin ResistanceLYU K, ZHANG Y, ZHANG D, KAHN M, NOZAKI Y, BHANOT S, BOGAN J, CLINE G, SAMUEL V, SHULMAN G. 266-OR: Plasma Membrane sn-1,2 Diacylglycerol Mediates Lipid-Induced Hepatic Insulin Resistance. Diabetes 2019, 68 DOI: 10.2337/db19-266-or.
  • 19-OR: Controlled-Release Mitochondrial Protonophore (CRMP) Reverses Hypertriglyceridemia and Hepatic Steatosis in Dysmetabolic Nonhuman PrimatesGOEDEKE L, ROMERAL V, BUTRICO G, KAHN M, DUFOUR S, ZHANG X, CLINE G, PETERSEN K, CHNG K, SHULMAN G. 19-OR: Controlled-Release Mitochondrial Protonophore (CRMP) Reverses Hypertriglyceridemia and Hepatic Steatosis in Dysmetabolic Nonhuman Primates. Diabetes 2019, 68 DOI: 10.2337/db19-19-or.
  • 165-OR: The Mechanisms by Which Adiponectin Reverses Insulin Resistance in High-Fat Diet Fed MiceLI X, ZHANG D, PERRY R, VATNER D, GOEDEKE L, ZHANG Y, SHULMAN G. 165-OR: The Mechanisms by Which Adiponectin Reverses Insulin Resistance in High-Fat Diet Fed Mice. Diabetes 2019, 68 DOI: 10.2337/db19-165-or.
  • 288-LB: Effects of the Hepatic Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter on Hepatic Gluconeogenesis and Mitochondrial Metabolism in Awake MiceLEE J, GOEDEKE L, ZHANG Y, PERRY R, GOODMAN R, MOOTHA V, SHULMAN G. 288-LB: Effects of the Hepatic Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter on Hepatic Gluconeogenesis and Mitochondrial Metabolism in Awake Mice. Diabetes 2019, 68 DOI: 10.2337/db19-288-lb.
  • 97-OR: Leptin's Hunger-Suppressing Effects Are Mediated by the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical AxisPERRY R, RESCH J, DOUGLASS A, MADARA J, SONG J, WU C, LOWELL B, SHULMAN G. 97-OR: Leptin's Hunger-Suppressing Effects Are Mediated by the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Axis. Diabetes 2019, 68 DOI: 10.2337/db19-97-or.
  • 1782-P: Mechanism of Lipid-Induced White Adipose Tissue Insulin ResistanceZHANG Y, ZHANG D, LYU K, SONG J, LI X, PERRY R, SAMUEL V, SHULMAN G. 1782-P: Mechanism of Lipid-Induced White Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance. Diabetes 2019, 68 DOI: 10.2337/db19-1782-p.
  • 283-LB: Dissociating Insulin Signaling and SREBP1c Action from the Lipogenic Drive Seen in Human and Murine Hepatic Insulin ResistanceVATNER D, TER HORST K, GOEDEKE L, ZHANG D, SAMUEL V, SERLIE M, SHULMAN G. 283-LB: Dissociating Insulin Signaling and SREBP1c Action from the Lipogenic Drive Seen in Human and Murine Hepatic Insulin Resistance. Diabetes 2019, 68 DOI: 10.2337/db19-283-lb.
  • 225-OR: Key Role for Glucose-Alanine Cycling in the Regulation of Hepatic Mitochondrial Oxidation during Starvation in HumansPETERSEN K, DUFOUR S, CLINE G, SHULMAN G. 225-OR: Key Role for Glucose-Alanine Cycling in the Regulation of Hepatic Mitochondrial Oxidation during Starvation in Humans. Diabetes 2019, 68 DOI: 10.2337/db19-225-or.
  • Mechanisms by Which Glucagon Acutely Stimulates Hepatic Mitochondrial Oxidation and GluconeogenesisPERRY R, WANG Y, BRILL A, PENG L, ZHANG D, DUFOUR S, ZHANG Y, ZHANG X, NOZAKI Y, CLINE G, EHRLICH B, PETERSEN K, SHULMAN G. Mechanisms by Which Glucagon Acutely Stimulates Hepatic Mitochondrial Oxidation and Gluconeogenesis. Diabetes 2018, 67 DOI: 10.2337/db18-146-or.
  • Metabolic Inflexibility Revisited—Muscle Substrate Oxidation Is Mechanistically Dissociated from Muscle Insulin Resistance in RatsSONG J, PERRY R, MUNK A, ZHANG Y, ZHANG D, SHULMAN G. Metabolic Inflexibility Revisited—Muscle Substrate Oxidation Is Mechanistically Dissociated from Muscle Insulin Resistance in Rats. Diabetes 2018, 67 DOI: 10.2337/db18-240-lb.
  • Mechanism by Which Dapagliflozin Induces Euglycemic Ketoacidosis in RatsPERRY R, SONG J, WANG Y, SHULMAN G. Mechanism by Which Dapagliflozin Induces Euglycemic Ketoacidosis in Rats. Diabetes 2018, 67 DOI: 10.2337/db18-254-or.
  • Evidence against Pathway-Selective Hepatic Insulin Resistance in MiceVATNER D, PETERSEN M, LI X, ROGERS J, CLINE G, SAMUEL V, SHULMAN G. Evidence against Pathway-Selective Hepatic Insulin Resistance in Mice. Diabetes 2018, 67 DOI: 10.2337/db18-1766-p.
  • Membrane sn-1,2 Diacylglycerol Mediates Lipid-Induced Hepatic Insulin Resistance In VivoLYU K, ZHANG D, NOZAKI Y, ZHANG Y, BHANOT S, CLINE G, SAMUEL V, SHULMAN G. Membrane sn-1,2 Diacylglycerol Mediates Lipid-Induced Hepatic Insulin Resistance In Vivo. Diabetes 2018, 67 DOI: 10.2337/db18-243-lb.
  • Effect of a Controlled-Release Mitochondrial Protonophore (CRMP) on Healthspan and Lifespan in MiceGOEDEKE L, CAMPOREZ J, NASIRI A, WANG Y, ZHANG X, SHULMAN G. Effect of a Controlled-Release Mitochondrial Protonophore (CRMP) on Healthspan and Lifespan in Mice. Diabetes 2018, 67 DOI: 10.2337/db18-123-lb.
  • Unraveling the Athlete’s Paradox—Higher Insulin Sensitivity and Lower PKC? Activation Despite Higher Bioactive Lipids in Endurance-Trained AthletesPESTA D, ANADOL-SCHMITZ E, GANCHEVA S, MARKGRAF D, ZAHARIA O, KATSUYAMA H, KUPRIYANOVA Y, HWANG J, ZHANG D, SHULMAN G, RODEN M. Unraveling the Athlete’s Paradox—Higher Insulin Sensitivity and Lower PKC? Activation Despite Higher Bioactive Lipids in Endurance-Trained Athletes. Diabetes 2018, 67 DOI: 10.2337/db18-267-lb.
  • Loss of Nucleobindin-2 Causes Insulin Resistance in Obesity without Impacting Satiety or AdiposityRavussin A, Youm YH, Sander J, Ryu S, Nguyen K, Varela L, Shulman GI, Sidorov S, Horvath TL, Schultze JL, Dixit VD. Loss of Nucleobindin-2 Causes Insulin Resistance in Obesity without Impacting Satiety or Adiposity. Cell Reports 2018, 24: 1085-1092.e6. PMID: 30067966, PMCID: PMC6223120, DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.112.
  • THU-450 Mechanism for hypertriglyceridemia and effect of fibrate coadministration during acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor treatmentGoedeke L, Bates J, Vatner D, Perry R, Ellis M, Wang T, Subramanian M, Myers R, Ray A, Shulman G. THU-450 Mechanism for hypertriglyceridemia and effect of fibrate coadministration during acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor treatment. Journal Of Hepatology 2018, 68: s333. DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(18)30885-7.
  • Pathogenesis of hypothyroidism-induced NAFLD is driven by intra- and extrahepatic mechanismsFerrandino G, Kaspari RR, Spadaro O, Reyna-Neyra A, Perry RJ, Cardone R, Kibbey RG, Shulman GI, Dixit VD, Carrasco N. Pathogenesis of hypothyroidism-induced NAFLD is driven by intra- and extrahepatic mechanisms. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2017, 114: e9172-e9180. PMID: 29073114, PMCID: PMC5664516, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1707797114.
  • Fatty liver and whole-body insulin resistance relate to myocardial lipotoxicityHernandez E, Jelenik T, Flögel U, Rothe M, Rokitta I, Shulman G, Roden M, Szendroedi J. Fatty liver and whole-body insulin resistance relate to myocardial lipotoxicity. Diabetologie Und Stoffwechsel 2017, 12: s1-s84. DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601610.
  • Insulin Resistance in Type 2 DiabetesRoden M, Petersen K, Shulman G. Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes. 2016, 174-186. DOI: 10.1002/9781118924853.ch13.
  • Chapter 43 Metabolic SyndromeRuderman N, Shulman G. Chapter 43 Metabolic Syndrome. 2016, 752-769.e7. DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-18907-1.00043-3.
  • A Role of the Inflammasome in the Low Storage Capacity of the Abdominal Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Obese AdolescentsKursawe R, Dixit VD, Scherer PE, Santoro N, Narayan D, Gordillo R, Giannini C, Lopez X, Pierpont B, Nouws J, Shulman GI, Caprio S. A Role of the Inflammasome in the Low Storage Capacity of the Abdominal Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Obese Adolescents. Diabetes 2015, 65: 610-618. PMID: 26718495, PMCID: PMC4764142, DOI: 10.2337/db15-1478.
  • Macrophage-specific de Novo Synthesis of Ceramide Is Dispensable for Inflammasome-driven Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Obesity*Camell CD, Nguyen KY, Jurczak MJ, Christian BE, Shulman GI, Shadel GS, Dixit VD. Macrophage-specific de Novo Synthesis of Ceramide Is Dispensable for Inflammasome-driven Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Obesity*. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 2015, 290: 29402-29413. PMID: 26438821, PMCID: PMC4705943, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.680199.
  • Metabolism and Aging: From Molecular Physiology to Systems Biology: 2015 meeting abstractsSharma L, Bai Y, Chou C, Bain J, Fillenbaum G, Pieper C, Cohen H, Huffman K, Kraus V, Camell C, Youm Y, Spadaro O, Ravussin A, Nguyen K, O'Neill L, Kaech S, Dixit V, Gribble K, Welch D, Hambright S, Munkácsy E, Khan M, Park J, Lane R, Bokov A, Link C, Rea S, Nizamutdinova I, Dusio G, Tobin R, Zawieja D, Newell-Rogers M, Santambrogio L, Gashev A, Westbrook R, Langdon J, Roy C, Yang H, Choudhury P, Xue Q, de Cabo R, Walston J, Schuld N, Ferrington D, Zhou Y, Liang H, Zhang N, Musi N, Rodriguez K, Khan M, Buffenstein R, Fisher A, Apple D, Fonseca R, dos Santos M, Mahesula S, Shu C, Kokovay E, Grimes K, Barefield D, Sadayappan S, Buffenstein R, Hussong S, Burbank R, Halloran J, Lin A, Soto V, Galvan V, Valentine J, Orr M, Liang H, Zhou Y, Musi N, Jahrling J, Derosa N, Lin A, Hussong S, Burbank R, Halloran J, Asmis R, Galvan V, Martinez P, Martinez V, Fernandez E, Strong R, Ahmed A, Alnabbat K, Smoczer C, Shah M, Ikeno Y, Cabelof D, Fonseca R, Mahesula S, Apple D, Raghunathan R, Dugan A, Cardona A, O'Connor J, Kokovay E, Manaye K, O'Neil J, Duttaroy A, Stout M, Jurk D, Jurczak M, Evans G, Zhu Y, Singh R, Lebrasseur N, Shulman G, von Zglinicki T, Tchkonia T, Kirkland J, Khan M, Fisher A, Mahoney R, Vasilakos G, Lei H, Matheny M, Yen F, Morales J, Barton E, Srikantan S, Deng Y, Luo A, Qin Y, Gao Q, Reddick R, Abdul-Ghani M, Dahia P, Seldeen K, Lasky G, Pang M, Leiker M, Troen B, van Skike C, Lin A, Burbank R, Halloran J, Cuvillier J, Hussong S, Jahrling J, Austad S, Fischer K, Galvan V, Clark N, Katolik A, Roberts K, Taylor A, Holloway S, Montemayor E, Stevens S, Fitzpatrick P, Damha M, Hart P, Singh R, Martinez V, Halloran J, Holstein D, Diaz V, Galvan V, Chaudhuri A, Gelfond J, Fernandez E, Lechleiter J, Strong R, Weiss R, Liu Y, Salmon A, Bitto A, Ito T, Le Texier N, Sutlief E, Tung H, Vizzini N, Snyder J, Treuting P, Kaeberlein M, Li G, McHardy S, Nicholson B, Strong R, Hart M, Garbarino V, Edwards M, Lozano R, Smolik C, Zhang W, Daws L, Gould G. Metabolism and Aging: From Molecular Physiology to Systems Biology: 2015 meeting abstracts. Pathobiology Of Aging & Age-related Diseases 2015, 5: 30765. PMID: 26725924, PMCID: PMC4698431, DOI: 10.3402/pba.v5.30765.
  • Abstract 15983: Increased Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Lead to Deleterious JNK Signaling and Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in AMPK-Inactivated HeartsZaha V, Qi D, Lee H, Hu X, Wu X, Shulman G, Rabinovitch P, Young L. Abstract 15983: Increased Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Lead to Deleterious JNK Signaling and Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in AMPK-Inactivated Hearts. Circulation 2014, 130 DOI: 10.1161/circ.130.suppl_2.15983.
  • Ectopic Fat in Insulin Resistance, Dyslipidemia, and Cardiometabolic DiseaseShulman GI. Ectopic Fat in Insulin Resistance, Dyslipidemia, and Cardiometabolic Disease. New England Journal Of Medicine 2014, 371: 1131-1141. PMID: 25229917, DOI: 10.1056/nejmra1011035.
  • Leptin reverses diabetes by suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axisPerry RJ, Zhang XM, Zhang D, Kumashiro N, Camporez JP, Cline GW, Rothman DL, Shulman GI. Leptin reverses diabetes by suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Nature Medicine 2014, 20: 759-763. PMID: 24929951, PMCID: PMC4344321, DOI: 10.1038/nm.3579.
  • The role of hepatic lipids in hepatic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetesPerry RJ, Samuel VT, Petersen KF, Shulman GI. The role of hepatic lipids in hepatic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Nature 2014, 510: 84-91. PMID: 24899308, PMCID: PMC4489847, DOI: 10.1038/nature13478.
  • Metformin suppresses gluconeogenesis by inhibiting mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenaseMadiraju AK, Erion DM, Rahimi Y, Zhang XM, Braddock DT, Albright RA, Prigaro BJ, Wood JL, Bhanot S, MacDonald MJ, Jurczak MJ, Camporez JP, Lee HY, Cline GW, Samuel VT, Kibbey RG, Shulman GI. Metformin suppresses gluconeogenesis by inhibiting mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. Nature 2014, 510: 542-546. PMID: 24847880, PMCID: PMC4074244, DOI: 10.1038/nature13270.
  • I'm not Dead Yet: Flies and MiceBirkenfeld A, Samuel V, Shulman G, De Cabo R, Reenan R, Zhu C, Helfand S. I'm not Dead Yet: Flies and Mice. Biophysical Journal 2014, 106: 12a. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.11.118.
  • In Vivo NMR Studies on the Mechanism of Lipid-Induced Insulin Resistance in HumansShulman G. In Vivo NMR Studies on the Mechanism of Lipid-Induced Insulin Resistance in Humans. Biophysical Journal 2014, 106: 12a. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.11.119.
  • Direct assessment of hepatic mitochondrial oxidative and anaplerotic fluxes in humans using dynamic 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopyBefroy DE, Perry RJ, Jain N, Dufour S, Cline GW, Trimmer JK, Brosnan J, Rothman DL, Petersen KF, Shulman GI. Direct assessment of hepatic mitochondrial oxidative and anaplerotic fluxes in humans using dynamic 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Nature Medicine 2013, 20: 98-102. PMID: 24317120, PMCID: PMC3947269, DOI: 10.1038/nm.3415.
  • Reversal of Hypertriglyceridemia, Fatty Liver Disease, and Insulin Resistance by a Liver-Targeted Mitochondrial UncouplerPerry RJ, Kim T, Zhang XM, Lee HY, Pesta D, Popov VB, Zhang D, Rahimi Y, Jurczak MJ, Cline GW, Spiegel DA, Shulman GI. Reversal of Hypertriglyceridemia, Fatty Liver Disease, and Insulin Resistance by a Liver-Targeted Mitochondrial Uncoupler. Cell Metabolism 2013, 18: 740-748. PMID: 24206666, PMCID: PMC4104686, DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.10.004.
  • Diabetes - clinicalGuebre-Egziabher F, Alves T, Perry R, Rahimi Y, Majumdar S, Ioja S, Kumashiro N, Kahn M, Zhang D, Kibbey R, Shulman G, Chau Y, Lee L, Lee C, Chen J, Lee W, Chiu C, Ishimura E, Mori K, Wanibuchi H, Inaba M, Nakatani S, Bekker P, Charvat T, Miao S, Dairaghi D, Lohr L, Sullivan T, Seitz L, Miao Z, Powers J, Jaen J, Schall T, Idorn T, Knop F, Holst J, Hornum M, Feldt-Rasmussen B, Cucchiari D, Merizzoli E, Podesta M, Calvetta A, Angelini C, Badalamenti S. Diabetes - clinical. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2013, 28: i16-i18. DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft148.
  • Muskuläre PKCΘ Aktivierung durch Diacylglyzerole führt zur Hemmung des proximalen Insulinsignalweges und reduzierter Glukoseaufnahme im Skelettmuskel von MenschenSzendrödi J, Yoshimura T, Phielix E, Koliaki C, Marcucci M, Zhang D, Jelenik T, Herder C, Nowotny P, Shulman G, Roden M. Muskuläre PKCΘ Aktivierung durch Diacylglyzerole führt zur Hemmung des proximalen Insulinsignalweges und reduzierter Glukoseaufnahme im Skelettmuskel von Menschen. Diabetologie Und Stoffwechsel 2013, 8 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1341861.
  • Abstract 140: LRP6 Influences Body Fat and Glucose Homeostasis in Mouse by Activating mTOR Pathway and Inhibiting Mitochondrial Energy ExpenditureLiu W, Singh R, Choi C, Young L, Keramati A, Samuel V, Lifton R, Shulman G, Mani A. Abstract 140: LRP6 Influences Body Fat and Glucose Homeostasis in Mouse by Activating mTOR Pathway and Inhibiting Mitochondrial Energy Expenditure. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis And Vascular Biology 2012, 32 DOI: 10.1161/atvb.32.suppl_1.a140.
  • Deletion of the Mammalian INDY Homolog Mimics Aspects of Dietary Restriction and Protects against Adiposity and Insulin Resistance in MiceBirkenfeld A, Lee H, Guebre-Egziabher F, Alves T, Jurczak M, Jornayvaz F, Zhang D, Hsiao J, Martin-Montalvo A, Fischer-Rosinsky A, Spranger J, Pfeiffer A, Jordan J, Fromm M, König J, Lieske S, Carmean C, Frederick D, Weismann D, Knauf F, Irusta P, De Cabo R, Helfand S, Samuel V, Shulman G. Deletion of the Mammalian INDY Homolog Mimics Aspects of Dietary Restriction and Protects against Adiposity and Insulin Resistance in Mice. Cell Metabolism 2011, 14: 567. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2011.09.005.
  • Reply to Monetti et al.: Hepatic steatosis and diacylglycerol-mediated hepatic insulin resistance in acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) transgenic miceJornayvaz F, Jurczak M, Samuel V, Shulman G. Reply to Monetti et al.: Hepatic steatosis and diacylglycerol-mediated hepatic insulin resistance in acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) transgenic mice. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2011, 108: e524-e524. PMCID: PMC3161525, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1109195108.
  • PPARγ-induced cardiolipotoxicity in mice is ameliorated by PPARα deficiency despite increases in fatty acid oxidationSon N, Yu S, Tuinei J, Arai K, Hamai H, Homma S, Shulman G, Abel E, Goldberg I. PPARγ-induced cardiolipotoxicity in mice is ameliorated by PPARα deficiency despite increases in fatty acid oxidation. Journal Of Clinical Investigation 2010, 120: 4583-4583. PMCID: PMC5477559, DOI: 10.1172/jci40905e1.
  • Standard operating procedures for describing and performing metabolic tests of glucose homeostasis in miceAyala JE, Consortium F, Samuel V, Morton G, Obici S, Croniger C, Shulman G, Wasserman D, McGuinness O. Standard operating procedures for describing and performing metabolic tests of glucose homeostasis in mice. Disease Models & Mechanisms 2010, 3: 525-534. PMID: 20713647, PMCID: PMC2938392, DOI: 10.1242/dmm.006239.
  • Resistance to High-fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Mice with Very Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase DeficiencyZhang D, Christianson J, Liu Z, Tian L, Choi C, Neschen S, Dong J, Wood P, Shulman G. Resistance to High-fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Mice with Very Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency. Cell Metabolism 2010, 12: 103. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2010.06.004.
  • Chapter 44 The Metabolic SyndromeRuderman N, Shulman G. Chapter 44 The Metabolic Syndrome. 2010, 822-839. DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-5583-9.00044-7.
  • Insulin ResistanceSamuel V, Petersen K, Shulman G. Insulin Resistance. 2009, 469-483. DOI: 10.1002/9780470747919.ch31.
  • Erratum: UCP2 mediates ghrelin’s action on NPY/AgRP neurons by lowering free radicalsAndrews Z, Liu Z, Walllingford N, Erion D, Borok E, Friedman J, Tschöp M, Shanabrough M, Cline G, Shulman G, Coppola A, Gao X, Horvath T, Diano S. Erratum: UCP2 mediates ghrelin’s action on NPY/AgRP neurons by lowering free radicals. Nature 2009, 459: 736-736. DOI: 10.1038/nature08132.
  • CHAPTER 58 METABOLISMShulman G, Petersen K. CHAPTER 58 METABOLISM. 2009, 1213-1236. DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-3115-4.50061-5.
  • Correction: A Prevalent Variant in PPP1R3A Impairs Glycogen Synthesis and Reduces Muscle Glycogen Content in Humans and MiceSavage D, Zhai L, Ravikumar B, Choi C, Snaar J, McGuire A, Wou S, Medina-Gomez G, Kim S, Bock C, Segvich D, Solanky B, Deelchand D, Vidal-Puig A, Wareham N, Shulman G, Karpe F, Taylor R, Pederson B, Roach P, O'Rahilly S, DePaoli-Roach A. Correction: A Prevalent Variant in PPP1R3A Impairs Glycogen Synthesis and Reduces Muscle Glycogen Content in Humans and Mice. PLOS Medicine 2008, 5: e246. PMCID: PMC2605894, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050246.
  • N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine, a Gut- Derived Circulating Factor Induced by Fat Ingestion, Inhibits Food IntakeGillum MP, Zhang D, Zhang XM, Erion DM, Jamison RA, Choi C, Dong J, Shanabrough M, Duenas HR, Frederick DW, Hsiao JJ, Horvath TL, Lo CM, Tso P, Cline GW, Shulman GI. N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine, a Gut- Derived Circulating Factor Induced by Fat Ingestion, Inhibits Food Intake. Cell 2008, 135: 813-824. PMID: 19041747, PMCID: PMC2643061, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2008.10.043.
  • Muscle-specific knockout of PKC-λ impairs glucose transport and induces metabolic and diabetic syndromesFarese R, Sajan M, Yang H, Li P, Mastorides S, Gower W, Nimal S, Choi C, Kim S, Shulman G, Kahn C, Braun U, Leitges M. Muscle-specific knockout of PKC-λ impairs glucose transport and induces metabolic and diabetic syndromes. Journal Of Clinical Investigation 2007, 117: 3141-3141. PMCID: PMC1994612, DOI: 10.1172/jci31408c1.
  • The role of skeletal muscle insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndromePetersen KF, Dufour S, Savage DB, Bilz S, Solomon G, Yonemitsu S, Cline GW, Befroy D, Zemany L, Kahn BB, Papademetris X, Rothman DL, Shulman GI. The role of skeletal muscle insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2007, 104: 12587-12594. PMID: 17640906, PMCID: PMC1924794, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0705408104.
  • IntroductionRitz E, Fujita T, Shulman G. Introduction. The American Journal Of Medicine 2006, 119: s1-s2. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.01.007.
  • Reduced mitochondrial density and increased IRS-1 serine phosphorylation in muscle of insulin-resistant offspring of type 2 diabetic parentsMorino K, Petersen KF, Dufour S, Befroy D, Frattini J, Shatzkes N, Neschen S, White MF, Bilz S, Sono S, Pypaert M, Shulman GI. Reduced mitochondrial density and increased IRS-1 serine phosphorylation in muscle of insulin-resistant offspring of type 2 diabetic parents. Journal Of Clinical Investigation 2005, 115: 3587-3593. PMID: 16284649, PMCID: PMC1280967, DOI: 10.1172/jci25151.
  • MRS Studies of the Role of the Muscle Glycogen Synthesis Pathway in the Pathophysiology of Type 2 DiabetesShulman G, Rothman D. MRS Studies of the Role of the Muscle Glycogen Synthesis Pathway in the Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes. 2004, 45-57. DOI: 10.1002/0470011505.ch4.
  • Insulin Resistance in NAFLD: Potential Mechanisms and TherapiesSamuel V, Shulman G. Insulin Resistance in NAFLD: Potential Mechanisms and Therapies. 2004, 38-54. DOI: 10.1002/9780470987438.ch4.
  • 40th EASD Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of DiabetesVeitenhansl M, Stegner K, Hierl F, Dieterle C, Feldmeier H, Gutt B, Landgraf R, Garrow AP, Vileikyte L, Findlow A, Waterman C, Boulton AJ, Shankhdhar K, Shankhdhar L, Shankhdhar U, Petrova NL, Foster AV, Edmonds ME, Ferraresi R, Caravaggi C, De Giglio R, Cavaiani P, Pogliaghi I, Sommariva E, Katz IA, Harlan A, Miranda-Palma B, Prieto-Sanchez L, Armstrong DG, Bowker JH, Mizel MS, Cernea S, Wohlgelernter J, Kidron M, Modi P, Raz I, Arbit E, Nosek L, Kapitza C, Beckett P, Gelfand R, Goldberg M, Heise T, Testa MA, Turner RR, Hayes JF, Scranton RE, Simonson DC, Yang Y, Hsu Y, Naujok O, Francini F, Jörns A, Tiedge M, Lenzen S, Abdel-Wahab YH, Marenah L, Orr DF, Shaw C, Flatt PR, Chokkalingam K, Mansell PI, Clausen P, Ekbom P, Damm P, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Nielsen B, Mathiesen ER, Feldt-Rasmussen B, Dewan S, Da Silva N, Ternan PM, Leong KS, Wilding JP, Asatiani N, Kurashvili R, Dundua M, Shelestova E, Pagava K, Ramazashvili M, Hod M, Smirnov S, Petersen JL, Justesen TI, Ringholm Nielsen L, Müller C, Højlund K, Wensaas A, Kase ET, Aas V, Rustan AC, Thoresen GH, Levin K, Beck-Nielsen H, Gaster M, Im S, Kang S, Kim S, Ahn Y, Lihn AS, Schmoll D, Werner T, Kienitz A, Meyer M, Barthel A, Ailett F, Sutherland C, Walther R, Grempler R, Sasson S, Reich R, Tenenbaum T, Alpert E, Anfossi G, Russo I, Traversa M, Massucco P, Mattiello L, Doronzo G, Trovati M, Lally S, Tan CY, Owens D, Tomkin GH, Porchay I, Péan F, Bellili N, Betoulle D, Balkau B, Tichet J, Marre M, Fumeron F, Chatellier G, Alhenc-Gelas F, Nichols G, Brown J, Hayes R, Bowman L, Drexel H, Saely C, Marte T, Benzer W, Langer P, Hoefle G, Moll W, Aczel S, Karagiannis E, Lübben G, Urquhart R, Edwards G, Bruce S, Howlett H, Cugnardey N, Turner K, Park J, Fiedorek F, Avogaro A, Gallo A, Pinton P, Rizzuto R, Murphy E, Ceolotto G, Caterson I, Guy-Grand B, Hill J, Barone M, Aiello A, Allochis G, Borzì V, Cannatà F, Caronna S, D’Avanzo A, Elli R, Formoso G, Paroli A, Scardapane R, Sorichetti P, Tatti P, Viviani G, Santeusanio F, Manzella D, Grella R, Abbatecola A, Paolisso G, Søndergaard L, Monster T, Johnsen S, Olsen M, McLaughlin J, Sørensen H, Lervang H, Rungby J, Lyssenko V, Fredriksson J, Almgren P, Anevski D, Orho-Melander M, Sjögren M, Tuomi T, Groop L, Jaziri R, Aubert R, Tuomilehto J, Hu G, Jousilahti P, Peltonen M, Lindstrom J, Laina A, Alevizaki M, Philippou G, Souvatzoglou A, Anastasiou E, Alba S, Metcalf B, Voss L, Jeffery A, Wilkin T, Glüimer C, Colagiuri S, Vistisen D, Borch-Johnsen K, Haynes A, Bower C, Bulsara M, Jones T, Davis E, Mortensen H, Hougaard P, Holl R, Swift P, Pociot F, Knip M, Hansen L, Szadkowska A, Pietrzak I, Zmysłowska A, Wyka K, Bodalski J, Holl R, Swift R, Hougaard R, Gerstl E, Engelsberger I, Rabl W, Rosenbauer J, Gröbe H, Hofer S, Krause U, Dabelea D, Morgan T, Pettitt D, Dolan L, Mayer-Davis E, Pihoker C, Hillier T, Imperatore G, Ruggiero A, Hamman R, Stylianou A, Tentolouris N, Perrea D, Tselepis A, Lourida E, Kitsou E, Katsilambros N, Vedovato M, Dodesini A, Lepore G, Tiengo A, Trevisan R, Penno G, Miccoli R, Pucci L, Lucchesi D, Bandinelli S, Fotino C, Triscornia S, Baldassari E, Del Prato S, Reboldi P, Santeusanio E, Fuller J, Langham R, Gow R, Zhang Y, Kelly D, Christensen P, Parving H, Gilbert R, Chibalin A, Zhong Z, Kotova O, Davidescu A, Ehrén I, Ekberg K, Wahren J, Wassef L, Buckley A, Rooney K, Briody J, Thompson M, Ozanne S, Thompson C, Chamson-Reig A, Summers K, Arany E, Hill D, Solerte S, Gazzaruso C, Locatelli E, Precerutti S, Schifino N, Ferrari E, Fioravanti M, Phenekos C, Ginis A, Fragaki I, Chalkiadaki M, Tzioras C, Powell L, McGuire G, Jewhurst V, Trimble E, Rasmussen B, Vessby B, Uusitupa M, Berglund L, Pedersen E, Riccardi G, Rivellese A, Tapsell L, Hermansen K, da Silva Xavier G, Rutter J, Rutter G, Briaud I, Lingohr M, Dickson L, McCuaig J, Lawrence J, Rhodes C, Wikstrom J, Katzman S, Shirihai O, Yang J, Deng S, Wang X, Hessner M, Wu J, Wong R, Sukumvanich S, Markman J, Naji A, Wolf B, Gao Z, Rubi B, del Arco A, Satrústegui J, Maechler P, Del Guerra S, Lupi R, Bugliani M, Sbrana S, Torri S, Boggi U, Vistoli F, Mosca F, Marchetti P, Rennings A, Smits P, Stewart M, Tack C, Li L, Nyström T, Gutniak M, Ahrén B, Holst J, Sjöholm Å, Gomes M, Cailleaux S, Tibiriça E, Albertini J, Chen H, Mather R, Valensi P, Chisalita S, Arnqvist H, Kraenkel N, Adams V, Linke A, Gielen S, Schuler G, Humbrecht R, Cipollone F, Iezzi A, Fazia M, Pini B, Cucurullo C, De Cesare D, Schmidt A, Mazurek T, Zang L, Mannion J, Diehl J, Martin J, Martella A, Zalewski A, Shi Y, Otter W, Winter M, Doering W, Standi E, Schnell O, Kragelund C, Køber L, Faber J, Hildebrandt P, Steffensen R, Pankowska E, Szypowska A, Lipka M, Herwig J, Scholl-Schilling G, Böhles H, Robertson K, Schönle E, Gucev Z, Mordhorst L, Tamer S, Gall M, Ludvigsson J, Hoogma R, Hammond P, Gomis R, Kerr D, Bruttomesso D, Bouter P, Wiefels K, de la Calle H, Schweitzer D, Pfohl M, Torlone E, Krinelke L, Conget I, Storms F, Rodriguez J, Leperlier C, Davies M, Peter R, Luzio S, Dunseath G, Miles A, Hare B, Backx K, Pauvaday V, Owens D, Caselli A, Marfia G, Battista C, Veves A, Spallone V, Uccioli L, Gonzalez J, Peyrot M, Rubin R, Leventhal H, Scheffler N, Ulbrecht J, Cavanagh P, Boulton A, Perrin N, Oglesby A, Bastyr E, Ziegler D, Siekierka-Kleiser E, Meyer B, Schweers M, Selvarajah D, Wilkinson I, Emery C, Shaw P, Griffiths P, Tesfaye S, Obrosova I, Arezzo J, Phillips K, Gribble F, Williams L, Reimann F, Iakoubov R, Whiteside C, Brubaker P, Acitores A, González N, Sancho V, Valverde I, Villanueva-Peñacarrillo M, Martín-Duce A, Trigo M, Arnés L, Burkart V, Ichino N, Ohashi A, Klein B, Paxian S, Schmid R, Karlsen A, Heding P, Frobøse H, Rønn S, Kruhøffer M, Ørntoft T, Nerup J, Mandrup-Poulsen T, Billestrup N, Cardozo A, Ortis F, Feng Y, Rasschaert J, Van Eylen F, Storling J, Herchuelz A, Eizirik D, Wang H, Kouri G, Wollheim C, Ribaux P, Hammar E, Parnaud G, Rouiller D, Bosco D, Halban P, Midthjell K, Carlsson S, Grill V, Lau C, Færch K, Glümer C, Tetens I, Jørgensen T, Tillin T, Forouhi N, McKeigue P, Chaturvedi N, Zethelius B, Hales C, Berne C, Coleman R, Stevens R, Holman R, Christensen J, Sandbæk A, Lauritzen T, Irwin N, Gault V, Green B, Harriott P, O’Harte F, Bouman S, Ursø B, Brand C, Rolin B, Ribel U, Schäffer L, Maggs D, Ceriello A, Frias J, Wang Y, Ruggles J, Kolterman O, Piconi L, Weyer C, Want L, Ratner R, Uwaifo G, Thornberry N, Eiermann G, Kim D, Lankas G, Leiting B, Li Z, Lyons K, Petrov A, Sinha Roy R, Woods A, Woods J, Zhang B, Fisher M, Moller D, Weber A, Dreyer M, Bellin C, Schmitz V, Roesen R, Nescheret A, Bose A, Mocanu M, Carr R, Yellon D, Manolopoulos K, Born S, Wagner A, Jeziorska M, Ben Drief A, Bashir M, Tomlinson D, Malik R, Zeymer U, Schwarzmaier-D’Assie A, Petzinna D, Chiasson J, Stratton I, af Björkesten C, Fagerudd J, Rosengård-Bärlund M, Forsblom C, Pettersson-Fernholm K, Waden J, Saraheimo M, Rönnback M, Thorn L, Groop P, Mollsten A, Svensson M, Kockum I, Rudberg S, Brismar K, Dahlquist G, Hovind P, Hansen T, Tarnow L, Thiel S, Jensen B, Flyvbjerg A, Kankova K, Hertlova M, Krusova D, Schwenke S, Ott J, Thom S, Mistry P, Sjolie A, Larsen B, Witt N, Hughes A, Samira H, Lahiry S, Howlader S, Parveen S, Azad Khan A, Clarke P, Gray A, Stevens R, Holman R, Phillips L, Phillips P, Chittleborough C, Baldock K, Taylor A, Davis W, Davis T, Knuiman M, Hendrie D, Worthley D, Nicolucci A, Pellegrini F, De Berardis G, Franciosi M, Belfiglio M, Rossi M, Sacco M, Valentini M, Richardson C, Jones P, Persaud S, Hussain K, Clark A, Christie M, Gniuli D, Hribal M, Accili D, Khan M, Zervou S, Cheung L, Abouna S, Ifandi V, Pelengaris S, Luco R, Ferrer J, Ma D, Shield J, Dean W, Leclerc I, Knauf C, Burcelin R, Kelsey G, Powers A, Shostak A, Ferrara N, Poffenberger G, Jerome W, Brissova M, Geloneze S, Tambascia M, Pareja J, Chaim E, Silveira H, Geloneze B, Ravikumar B, Carey P, Snaar J, Dheelchand D, Cook D, Neely D, Taylor G, Morris P, Taylor R, Stears A, Masding M, Wootton S, Sandeman D, Klimes I, Wein S, Gasperikova D, Ukropec J, Wiernsperger N, Sebokova E, Manco M, Mingrone G, Granato L, Greco A, Nanni G, Castagneto M, Vidal H, Calvani M, Ferrannini E, Alvarsson M, Sundkvist G, Lager I, Henricsson M, Berntorp K, Fernqvist-Forbes E, Steen L, Örn T, Shutler S, Bianchi-Biscay M, Rosenstock J, Sugimoto D, Strange P, Stewart J, Soltes Rak E, Dailey G, Kloos C, Müller U, Sämann A, Femerling M, Risse A, Jecht M, Haak T, Garg R, Lawrence I, Akinsola M, Davies M, McNally P, Garber A, Kim H, Draeger E, Aydın L, Şengül A, Kürklü A, Uçak S, Basat O, Seber S, Altuntaş Y, Jin J, Yu Y, Yu H, Zhang X, Mattoo V, Eckland D, Widel M, Duran S, Fajardo C, Strand J, Knight D, Oakley D, Tan M, Sato A, Nagao M, Aki N, Nakagami T, Iwamoto Y, Zhou Z, Li X, Huang G, Yan X, Yang L, Peng J, Wang J, Tan S, Tang W, Fürnsinn C, Brunmair B, Wagner L, Gras F, Artwohl M, Zierhut B, Waldhäusl W, Shine B, Hopkins D, Anand V, Lim E, Raval U, 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Ugalde-Canitrot A, Sanchez-Largo E, Coca-Robinot D, Fabregate R, Calbacho M, Marquez J, Saban-Ruiz J, Penesova A, Cizmarova E, Blazicek P, de Jongh R, Serné E, Ijzerman R, de Vries G, Stehouwer C, Poulsen P, Andersen N, Knudsen S, Helleberg K, Mogensen C, Waluś M, Idzior-Waluś B, Sztefko K, Cieślik G, Fedak D, Wozniakiewicz E, Lin S, Guo M, Lin C, Liu X, Francisco M, Rodriguez-Rosas H, Peiró-Martinez I, Macías-Batista A, Harte A, Rodriguez-Cuenca S, Valsamakis G, Chetty R, Anderson L, Roca P, Matyka K, LaSalle J, Hershon K, Berman L, Gibson E, Gillen D, Maroni J, Simmons D, Hiukka A, Forder P, Leinonen E, Hilden H, Fruchart J, Fruchart J, Keech A, Farnier M, Freeman M, Macdonell G, Perevozskaya I, Mitchel Y, Gumbiner B, Didangelos T, Athyros V, Mikhailidis D, Papageorgiou A, Bouloukos V, Pehlivanidis A, Symeonidis A, Elisaf M, McKenney J, Insull W, Lewin A, Maccubbin D, Lee M, Kush D, Schuster H, Barter P, Stender S, Cheung R, Bonnet J, Morrell J, Watkins C, Kallend D, Stalenhoef A, Ballantyne C, Murin J, Tonstad S, Rose H, Wilpshaar W, Jenkins A, Karschimkus C, Dragicevic G, Rowley K, Wolthers T, Best J, Voet B, Murdoch S, Marcovina S, Chen H, Brunzell J, Caparevic Z, Kostic N, Ilic S, Sartore G, Piarulli F, Cantaro S, Reitano R, Fiore C, Marin R, Bassan S, Manzato E, Fedele D, Solini A, Santini E, Thornalley P, Babaei-Jadidi R, Karachalias N, Kupich C, Ahmed N, Fowler A, Baker A, Starczynski J, O’Hare P, Szepietowska B, Szelachowska M, Puch U, Glebocka A, Quinn D, da Silva N, McTernan C, Bonser R, McTernan P, Idzior-Walus B, Woźniakiewicz E, Dimitriou K, Apostolou O, Kontela E, Devangelio E, Gould E, Serri O, Roussin A, Buithieu J, Mamputu J, Renier G, Giordanetti S, De Amici E, Poggi G, Turpini C, Fratino P, Garzaniti A, Yin D, Banu I, Paries J, Roman G, Negrean M, Bala C, Nita C, Kistorp C, Gustafsson F, Chong A, Lip G, Galatius S, Shearer A, Ari N, Sahilli M, Ceylan-Isık A, Ozansoy G, Karasu-Yilmaz C, Matteucci E, Rosada J, Pallini M, Evangelista I, Cassetti G, Giusti C, Giampietro O, Capaldo B, Galderisi M, Cicala S, Turco A, Imbroinise A, Nosso G, D’Errico A, de Divitiis O, Klimontov V, Korolyova E, Jeltova L, Bondar I, Tarkun I, Arslan B, Canturk Z, Tarkun P, Agacdiken A, Komsuoglu B, Méneveau N, Pierre-Justin E, Alsayed M, Sabbah R, Paulin S, Marcu S, Tauveron I, Zimmermann C, Schiele F, Seronde M, Vautrin P, Lusson J, Thieblot P, Bernard Y, Mistry A, Pye M, Peovska I, Maksimovic Pavlovic J, Vavlukis M, Pop Gorceva D, Bosevski M, Scognamiglio R, Negut C, de Kreutzenberg S, Madonna R, De Caterina R, Willerson J, Geng Y, Vahsen S, Ledwig D, Ramrath S, Frantz S, Schmidt I, Calvillo L, Dienesch C, Elbing I, Bischoff H, Ertl G, Bauersachs J, Davydov A, Mkrtum’yan A, Baranova L, Ikeda Y, Suehiro T, Osaki F, Ota K, Arii K, Kumon Y, Hashimoto K, Doney A, Fischer B, Morris A, Palmer C, Ahn Y, Lee B, Kim S, Byun S, Ahn S, Doo H, Pagnin E, Calo L, Fadini G, Kubaszek A, Chai S, Chai Q, Rasmussen L, Ledet T, Wogensen L, Lengyel C, Varró A, Virág L, Magyar J, Bíró T, Jost N, Skoumal R, Nánási P, Tóth M, Horkay F, Papp J, Zacharopoulou O, Athanaselis S, Tsokos N, Doupis J, Psallas M, Cokkinos D, Pavlatos S, Liatis S, Akhobadze T, Dzneladze L, Samarguliani I, Taskiran M, Rasmussen V, Rasmussen B, Jensen G, Fisher A, Petrovsky N, Davis M, Srikusalanukul W, Budge M, Trifunovic-Zamaklar D, Zivkovic M, Jelic V, Vukomanovic G, Ristic A, Seferovic P, Costa J, Duarte S, Manley S, Sailesh S, Venkataraman A, Haider Y, Groza I, Oprean M, Ardelean A, Morosanu A, Darkow T, Vanderplas A, Mamas M, McElduff P, Burns J, Edwards R, Fitchet A, Young R, Gibson J, New J, Lichiardopol R, Niculescu N, Totora A, Pencea C, Tomescu I, Cinteza M, Manicardi V, Coscelli C, Navazio A, Catellani E, Michelini M, Dall’Asta D, Guberti A, Piazza A, Gasparini E, Pantaleoni M, Guiducci U, Manari A, Sejil S, Janand-Delenne B, Avierinos J, Habib G, Labastie N, Vague P, Lassmann-Vague V, Luźniak P, Tatoń J, Wojciechowska Luźniak A, Zairis M, Lyras A, Patsourakos N, Tsirimbis V, Foussas S, Lupón J, Urrutia A, Herreros J, González B, Coll R, Altimir S, Prats M, Valle V, Abreu-Padí C, Rábago G, Ivanova L, Brasacchio D, Calkin A, Jandeleit-Dahm K, Harno E, Keenan A, Li H, Yu Y, Lu Z, Zhang X, Ke L, Liu H, Zhang X, Jeong I, Chae M, Choi M, Yoo H, Kim C, Yun M, Na M, Kang Y, Kong O, Son S, Kim I, Kim Y, Tanaka N, Hosoi M, Matsuyama Y, Fukumoto M, Yamakita T, Yoshioka K, Ishii T, Sato T, Fujii S, Aoki T, Shibata T, Mizutani N, Suzuki J, Fowelin J, Samuelsson P, Brandrup-Wogsen G, Okumura K, Tokmakova A, Staroverova D, Antcieferov M, Shutichina I, Kuntchevich G, Vriesendorp T, Morélis Q, Legemate D, Schaper F, Mainas E, Gkioulmpasanis I, Panagiotou I, Vassilikos G, Skorda L, Sidira M, Christoforidou M, Alaveras A, Artikis V, Evdemon E, Lechleitner M, Koch T, Ebenbichler C, Sturm W, Moretti L, Moruzzo D, Boldrini E, Pandolfo C, Kameyama M, Iwasa R, Cho M, Nam J, Kim C, Kim D, Ahn C, Cha B, Lim S, Kim K, Lee H, Huh K, Kaplar M, Paragh G, Erdei A, Csongradi E, Garai I, Varga J, Galuska L, Udvardy M, Higa M, Kaneko Y, Hiroi N, Koziarska D, Nowacki P, Majkowska L, Luzniak P, Wojciechowska-Luźniak A, Tushuizen M, Nieuwland R, Snoeck D, Sturk A, Diamant M, Aguiar L, Bahia L, Villela N, Laflor C, Conde C, Bottino D, Dorigo D, Bouskela E, Pu S, Yu H, Luo Z, Lam K, Dan Q, Xu A, Shen J, Cheng K, Xu J, Thamer C, Stefan N, Haap M, Heller E, Tschritter O, de Prado A, Ortiz A, Ybarra J, Gich I, Pou J, Ehren M, Meyer M, Roggenland D, Reinsen B, Klein H, Rittig K, Stock J, Kocher B, Balletshofer B, Lee J, Shon H, Chung D, Nakatani Y, Matsuhisa M, Kaneto H, Hatazaki M, Yoshiuchi K, Katakami N, Kawamori D, Ohtoshi K, Sakamoto K, Matsuoka T, Ozawa K, Ogawa S, Hori M, Yamasaki Y, Zitouni K, Harry D, Nourooz-Zadeh J, Betteridge J, Earle K, Rasmussen L, Olesen P, Franco L, Corvaja C, Semplicini A, Ceylan-Işık A, Arı N, Rösen P, Lee I, Kim M, Park K, Jung E, Shin D, Jo S, Obuobie K, Prakash P, Hanna F, Evans M, Lazarus J, Varadhan L, Gurushankar J, James D, Sheikh S, Gaede P, Li H, Zou D, Lee S, Choi M, Kim D, Kim T, Vilarrasa N, Perez-Maraver M, Mena E, Perez D, Setti G, Buckingham R, Urbančič V, Stefanovska A, Bernjak A, Ažman-Juvan K, Kocijančič A, Glowania A, Filters T, Fosmark D, Torjesen P, Kilhovd B, Berg T, Sandvik L, Hanssen K, Mentink C, Kilhovd B, Kuchmerovska T, Shymanskyy I, Donchenko G, Stepanenko S, Klimenko A, Park J, Maingrette F, Deng H, Lindenmair A, Waldhäusl W, Freudenthaler A, Baumgartner-Parzer S, Nizheradze K, Khoruzhenko A, Tronko N, Sheu W, Ou H, Shen H, Lin T, Wu H, Yang C, Mogylnytska L, Mankovsky B, Schmoelzer I, Davies J, Band M, Morris A, Struthers A, Prázný M, Škrha J, Kasalová Z, Neelotpol S, Jahan P, Kauschke S, Harrop C, Schäfer A, Widder J, Eigenthaler M, Walter U, Uchimura I, Ikebukuro M, Kaibara M, Hirata M, Helal R, Pervin F, Khan A, Yang X, Jansson P, Nagaev I, Jack M, Carvalho E, Sunnerhagen K, Cam M, Cushman S, Smith U, Creely S, Farmer J, Creely S, Gustafson B, Kusminski C, Krusinova E, Wohl P, Klementova M, Lanska V, McDougall C, Thomas S, Kelly I, Abbas Z, Lutale J, Archibald L, Karunajeewa H, Stingemore N, Stuccio G, McGechie D, Muller L, Hak E, Goudzwaard W, Montorsi F, Homering M, Sprenger K, Goldstein I, Asnaghi V, Ferrari G, Rastaldi M, Gabellini D, Dell’Antonio G, Maestroni A, Ruggieri D, Luzi L, Piemonti L, Zerbini G, Anafaroglu I, Tutuncu N, Sultana M, Siddiqua N, Iwasaki T, Nakajima A, Yoneda M, Mukasa K, Tanaka S, Sekihara H. 40th EASD Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetologia 2004, 47: a1-a464. PMID: 27770180, PMCID: PMC7096100, DOI: 10.1007/bf03375463.
  • 26 IMPAIRED MITOCHONDRIAL ACTIVITY IN INSULIN RESISTANT OFFSPRING OF TYPE 2 DIABETICS.Petersen K, Dufour S, Befroy D, Garcia R, Shulman G. 26 IMPAIRED MITOCHONDRIAL ACTIVITY IN INSULIN RESISTANT OFFSPRING OF TYPE 2 DIABETICS. Journal Of Investigative Medicine 2004, 52: s381. DOI: 10.1136/jim-52-suppl2-100.
  • IMPAIRED MITOCHONDRIAL ACTIVITY IN INSULIN RESISTANT OFFSPRING OF TYPE 2 DIABETICS.: 26Petersen K, Dufour S, Befroy D, Garcia R, Shulman G. IMPAIRED MITOCHONDRIAL ACTIVITY IN INSULIN RESISTANT OFFSPRING OF TYPE 2 DIABETICS.: 26. Journal Of Investigative Medicine 2004, 52: s381. DOI: 10.1097/00042871-200403002-00100.
  • Impaired Mitochondrial Activity in Insulin resistant offspring of Type 2 DiabeticsPetersen K, Dufour S, Befroy D, Garcia R, Shulman G. Impaired Mitochondrial Activity in Insulin resistant offspring of Type 2 Diabetics. Journal Of Investigative Medicine 2004, 52: 381-381. DOI: 10.1177/108155890405202s100.
  • Impaired Mitochondrial Activity in the Insulin-Resistant Offspring of Patients with Type 2 DiabetesPetersen KF, Dufour S, Befroy D, Garcia R, Shulman GI. Impaired Mitochondrial Activity in the Insulin-Resistant Offspring of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. New England Journal Of Medicine 2004, 350: 664-671. PMID: 14960743, PMCID: PMC2995502, DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa031314.
  • Alterata attività mitocondriale nella prole insulino-resistente di pazienti con diabete di tipo 2Petersen K, Dufour S, Befroy D, Garcia R, Shulman G, Pezzino V. Alterata attività mitocondriale nella prole insulino-resistente di pazienti con diabete di tipo 2. L'Endocrinologo 2003, 4: 224-225. DOI: 10.1007/bf03344480.
  • Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Elderly: Possible Role in Insulin ResistancePetersen KF, Befroy D, Dufour S, Dziura J, Ariyan C, Rothman DL, DiPietro L, Cline GW, Shulman GI. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Elderly: Possible Role in Insulin Resistance. Science 2003, 300: 1140-1142. PMID: 12750520, PMCID: PMC3004429, DOI: 10.1126/science.1082889.
  • Chronic activation of AMP kinase results in NRF-1 activation and mitochondrial biogenesisBergeron R, Ren J, Cadman K, Moore I, Perret P, Pypaert M, Young L, Semenkovich C, Shulman G. Chronic activation of AMP kinase results in NRF-1 activation and mitochondrial biogenesis. AJP Endocrinology And Metabolism 2001, 281: e1340-e1346. PMID: 11701451, DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.2001.281.6.e1340.
  • Regulation of Hepatic Glucose UptakeTaylor R, Shulman G. Regulation of Hepatic Glucose Uptake. 2001, 787-802. DOI: 10.1002/cphy.cp070226.
  • NMR Spectroscopy in β Cell Engineering and Islet TransplantationPAPAS K, COLTON C, GOUNARIDES J, ROOS E, JAREMA M, SHAPIRO M, CHENG L, CLINE G, SHULMAN G, WU H, BONNER‐WEIR S, WEIR G. NMR Spectroscopy in β Cell Engineering and Islet Transplantation. Annals Of The New York Academy Of Sciences 2001, 944: 96-119. PMID: 11797699, DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03826.x.
  • Effect of triiodothyronine on mitochondrial energy coupling in human skeletal muscleLebon V, Dufour S, Petersen K, Ren J, Jucker B, Slezak L, Cline G, Rothman D, Shulman G. Effect of triiodothyronine on mitochondrial energy coupling in human skeletal muscle. Journal Of Clinical Investigation 2001, 108: 733-737. PMID: 11544279, PMCID: PMC209375, DOI: 10.1172/jci11775.
  • Prevention of fat-induced insulin resistance by salicylateKim J, Kim Y, Fillmore J, Chen Y, Moore I, Lee J, Yuan M, Li Z, Karin M, Perret P, Shoelson S, Shulman G. Prevention of fat-induced insulin resistance by salicylate. Journal Of Clinical Investigation 2001, 108: 437-446. PMID: 11489937, PMCID: PMC209353, DOI: 10.1172/jci11559.
  • Glucose toxicity and the development of diabetes in mice with muscle-specific inactivation of GLUT4Kim J, Zisman A, Fillmore J, Peroni O, Kotani K, Perret P, Zong H, Dong J, Kahn C, Kahn B, Shulman G. Glucose toxicity and the development of diabetes in mice with muscle-specific inactivation of GLUT4. Journal Of Clinical Investigation 2001, 108: 153-160. PMID: 11435467, PMCID: PMC353719, DOI: 10.1172/jci10294.
  • Tissue-specific overexpression of lipoprotein lipase causes tissue-specific insulin resistanceKim J, Fillmore J, Chen Y, Yu C, Moore I, Pypaert M, Lutz E, Kako Y, Velez-Carrasco W, Goldberg I, Breslow J, Shulman G. Tissue-specific overexpression of lipoprotein lipase causes tissue-specific insulin resistance. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2001, 98: 7522-7527. PMID: 11390966, PMCID: PMC34701, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.121164498.
  • Insulin Resistance and a Diabetes Mellitus-Like Syndrome in Mice Lacking the Protein Kinase Akt2 (PKBβ)Cho H, Mu J, Kim J, Thorvaldsen J, Chu Q, Crenshaw E, Kaestner K, Bartolomei M, Shulman G, Birnbaum M. Insulin Resistance and a Diabetes Mellitus-Like Syndrome in Mice Lacking the Protein Kinase Akt2 (PKBβ). Science 2001, 292: 1728-1731. PMID: 11387480, DOI: 10.1126/science.292.5522.1728.
  • Uncoupling Protein-2 Negatively Regulates Insulin Secretion and Is a Major Link between Obesity, β Cell Dysfunction, and Type 2 DiabetesZhang C, Baffy G, Perret P, Krauss S, Peroni O, Grujic D, Hagen T, Vidal-Puig A, Boss O, Kim Y, Zheng X, Wheeler M, Shulman G, Chan C, Lowell B. Uncoupling Protein-2 Negatively Regulates Insulin Secretion and Is a Major Link between Obesity, β Cell Dysfunction, and Type 2 Diabetes. Cell 2001, 105: 745-755. PMID: 11440717, DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00378-6.
  • Stimulating Effects of Low-Dose Fructose on Insulin-Stimulated Hepatic Glycogen Synthesis in HumansPetersen K, Laurent D, Yu C, Cline G, Shulman G. Stimulating Effects of Low-Dose Fructose on Insulin-Stimulated Hepatic Glycogen Synthesis in Humans. Diabetes 2001, 50: 1263-1268. PMID: 11375325, DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.50.6.1263.
  • Activation of glucose transport in the ischemic heart: Translocation of GLUT4 and GLUT1 by 5′-AMP-activated protein kinaseYoung L, Russell R, Coven D, Shulman G, Sinusas A. Activation of glucose transport in the ischemic heart: Translocation of GLUT4 and GLUT1 by 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase. Journal Of Molecular And Cellular Cardiology 2001, 33: a145. DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2828(01)90556-5.
  • Syntaxin 4 heterozygous knockout mice develop muscle insulin resistanceYang C, Coker K, Kim J, Mora S, Thurmond D, Davis A, Yang B, Williamson R, Shulman G, Pessin J. Syntaxin 4 heterozygous knockout mice develop muscle insulin resistance. Journal Of Clinical Investigation 2001, 107: 1311-1318. PMID: 11375421, PMCID: PMC209300, DOI: 10.1172/jci12274.
  • Effect of 5-Aminoimidazole-4-Carboxamide-1-β-d-Ribofuranoside Infusion on In Vivo Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Lean and Obese Zucker RatsBergeron R, Previs S, Cline G, Perret P, Russell III R, Young L, Shulman G. Effect of 5-Aminoimidazole-4-Carboxamide-1-β-d-Ribofuranoside Infusion on In Vivo Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Lean and Obese Zucker Rats. Diabetes 2001, 50: 1076-1082. PMID: 11334411, DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.50.5.1076.
  • Contribution of net hepatic glycogen synthesis to disposal of an oral glucose load in humansPetersen K, Cline G, Gerard D, Magnusson I, Rothman D, Shulman G. Contribution of net hepatic glycogen synthesis to disposal of an oral glucose load in humans. Metabolism 2001, 50: 598-601. PMID: 11319724, DOI: 10.1053/meta.2001.22561.
  • Overexpression of the LAR (leukocyte antigen-related) protein-tyrosine phosphatase in muscle causes insulin resistanceZabolotny J, Kim Y, Peroni O, Kim J, Pani M, Boss O, Klaman L, Kamatkar S, Shulman G, Kahn B, Neel B. Overexpression of the LAR (leukocyte antigen-related) protein-tyrosine phosphatase in muscle causes insulin resistance. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2001, 98: 5187-5192. PMID: 11309481, PMCID: PMC33185, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.071050398.
  • Adipose-selective targeting of the GLUT4 gene impairs insulin action in muscle and liverAbel E, Peroni O, Kim J, Kim Y, Boss O, Hadro E, Minnemann T, Shulman G, Kahn B. Adipose-selective targeting of the GLUT4 gene impairs insulin action in muscle and liver. Nature 2001, 409: 729-733. PMID: 11217863, DOI: 10.1038/35055575.
  • Insulin/IGF-1 and TNF-α stimulate phosphorylation of IRS-1 at inhibitory Ser307 via distinct pathwaysRui L, Aguirre V, Kim J, Shulman G, Lee A, Corbould A, Dunaif A, White M. Insulin/IGF-1 and TNF-α stimulate phosphorylation of IRS-1 at inhibitory Ser307 via distinct pathways. Journal Of Clinical Investigation 2001, 107: 181-189. PMID: 11160134, PMCID: PMC199174, DOI: 10.1172/jci10934.
  • In Vivo Effects of Uncoupling Protein-3 Gene Disruption on Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism*Cline G, Vidal-Puig A, Dufour S, Cadman K, Lowell B, Shulman G. In Vivo Effects of Uncoupling Protein-3 Gene Disruption on Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism*. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 2001, 276: 20240-20244. PMID: 11274222, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m102540200.
  • Contrasting Effects of IRS-1 Versus IRS-2 Gene Disruption on Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism in Vivo *Previs S, Withers D, Ren J, White M, Shulman G. Contrasting Effects of IRS-1 Versus IRS-2 Gene Disruption on Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism in Vivo *. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 2000, 275: 38990-38994. PMID: 10995761, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m006490200.
  • 13C/31P NMR Assessment of Mitochondrial Energy Coupling in Skeletal Muscle of Awake Fed and Fasted Rats RELATIONSHIP WITH UNCOUPLING PROTEIN 3 EXPRESSION*Jucker B, Ren J, Dufour S, Cao X, Previs S, Cadman K, Shulman G. 13C/31P NMR Assessment of Mitochondrial Energy Coupling in Skeletal Muscle of Awake Fed and Fasted Rats RELATIONSHIP WITH UNCOUPLING PROTEIN 3 EXPRESSION*. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 2000, 275: 39279-39286. PMID: 10995775, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m007760200.
  • Increased Energy Expenditure, Decreased Adiposity, and Tissue-Specific Insulin Sensitivity in Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B-Deficient MiceKlaman L, Boss O, Peroni O, Kim J, Martino J, Zabolotny J, Moghal N, Lubkin M, Kim Y, Sharpe A, Stricker-Krongrad A, Shulman G, Neel B, Kahn B. Increased Energy Expenditure, Decreased Adiposity, and Tissue-Specific Insulin Sensitivity in Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B-Deficient Mice. Molecular And Cellular Biology 2000, 20: 5479-5489. PMID: 10891488, PMCID: PMC85999, DOI: 10.1128/mcb.20.15.5479-5489.2000.
  • Loss of Insulin Signaling in Hepatocytes Leads to Severe Insulin Resistance and Progressive Hepatic DysfunctionMichael M, Kulkarni R, Postic C, Previs S, Shulman G, Magnuson M, Kahn C. Loss of Insulin Signaling in Hepatocytes Leads to Severe Insulin Resistance and Progressive Hepatic Dysfunction. Molecular Cell 2000, 6: 87-97. PMID: 10949030, DOI: 10.1016/s1097-2765(05)00015-8.
  • Regulation of myocardial [13C]glucose metabolism in conscious ratsMcNulty P, Cline G, Whiting J, Shulman G. Regulation of myocardial [13C]glucose metabolism in conscious rats. AJP Heart And Circulatory Physiology 2000, 279: h375-h381. PMID: 10899078, DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.2000.279.1.h375.
  • Redistribution of substrates to adipose tissue promotes obesity in mice with selective insulin resistance in muscleKim J, Michael M, Previs S, Peroni O, Mauvais-Jarvis F, Neschen S, Kahn B, Kahn C, Shulman G. Redistribution of substrates to adipose tissue promotes obesity in mice with selective insulin resistance in muscle. Journal Of Clinical Investigation 2000, 105: 1791-1797. PMID: 10862794, PMCID: PMC378504, DOI: 10.1172/jci8305.
  • Effects of Caffeine on Muscle Glycogen Utilization and the Neuroendocrine Axis during ExerciseLaurent D, Schneider K, Prusaczyk W, Franklin C, Vogel S, Krssak M, Petersen K, Goforth H, Shulman G. Effects of Caffeine on Muscle Glycogen Utilization and the Neuroendocrine Axis during Exercise. The Journal Of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2000, 85: 2170-2175. PMID: 10852448, DOI: 10.1210/jcem.85.6.6655.
  • Assessment of mitochondrial energy coupling in vivo by 13C/31P NMRJucker B, Dufour S, Ren J, Cao X, Previs S, Underhill B, Cadman K, Shulman G. Assessment of mitochondrial energy coupling in vivo by 13C/31P NMR. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2000, 97: 6880-6884. PMID: 10823916, PMCID: PMC18769, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.120131997.
  • Transgenic mice overexpressing GLUT-1 protein in muscle exhibit increased muscle glycogenesis after exerciseRen J, Barucci N, Marshall B, Hansen P, Mueckler M, Shulman G. Transgenic mice overexpressing GLUT-1 protein in muscle exhibit increased muscle glycogenesis after exercise. AJP Endocrinology And Metabolism 2000, 278: e588-e592. PMID: 10751190, DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.2000.278.4.e588.
  • Mechanism of muscle glycogen autoregulation in humansLaurent D, Hundal R, Dresner A, Price T, Vogel S, Petersen K, Shulman G. Mechanism of muscle glycogen autoregulation in humans. AJP Endocrinology And Metabolism 2000, 278: e663-e668. PMID: 10751200, DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.2000.278.4.e663.
  • 411. Measurement of the rate of pyruvate carboxylase in human brain by 13C MRSMason G, Petersen K, Shen J, Behar K, Petroff O, Shulman G, Rothman D. 411. Measurement of the rate of pyruvate carboxylase in human brain by 13C MRS. Biological Psychiatry 2000, 47: s126. DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00681-8.
  • 303. Measurement of human cortical GABA synthesis in vivoMason G, Petersen K, Shen J, Behar K, Petroff O, Shulman G, Rothman D. 303. Measurement of human cortical GABA synthesis in vivo. Biological Psychiatry 2000, 47: s92. DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00567-9.
  • Mechanism of Insulin Resistance in A-ZIP/F-1 Fatless Mice*Kim J, Gavrilova O, Chen Y, Reitman M, Shulman G. Mechanism of Insulin Resistance in A-ZIP/F-1 Fatless Mice*. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 2000, 275: 8456-8460. PMID: 10722680, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.12.8456.
  • Hepatic Glycogen Metabolism in Type 1 Diabetic and Glucokinase-Deficient SubjectsPetersen K, Shulman G. Hepatic Glycogen Metabolism in Type 1 Diabetic and Glucokinase-Deficient Subjects. 2000, 15: 153-165. DOI: 10.1159/000060921.
  • Persistent Changes in Myocardial Glucose Metabolism In Vivo During Reperfusion of a Limited-Duration Coronary OcclusionMcNulty P, Jagasia D, Cline G, Ng C, Whiting J, Garg P, Shulman G, Soufer R. Persistent Changes in Myocardial Glucose Metabolism In Vivo During Reperfusion of a Limited-Duration Coronary Occlusion. Circulation 2000, 101: 917-922. PMID: 10694532, DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.101.8.917.
  • Surgical implantation of adipose tissue reverses diabetes in lipoatrophic miceGavrilova O, Marcus-Samuels B, Graham D, Kim J, Shulman G, Castle A, Vinson C, Eckhaus M, Reitman M. Surgical implantation of adipose tissue reverses diabetes in lipoatrophic mice. Journal Of Clinical Investigation 2000, 105: 271-278. PMID: 10675352, PMCID: PMC377444, DOI: 10.1172/jci7901.
  • Glycogen loading alters muscle glycogen resynthesis after exercisePrice T, Laurent D, Petersen K, Rothman D, Shulman G. Glycogen loading alters muscle glycogen resynthesis after exercise. Journal Of Applied Physiology 2000, 88: 698-704. PMID: 10658040, DOI: 10.1152/jappl.2000.88.2.698.
  • Intramuscular Glycogen and Intramyocellular Lipid Utilization during Prolonged Exercise and Recovery in Man: A 13C and 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study1Krssak M, Petersen K, Bergeron R, Price T, Laurent D, Rothman D, Roden M, Shulman G. Intramuscular Glycogen and Intramyocellular Lipid Utilization during Prolonged Exercise and Recovery in Man: A 13C and 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study1. The Journal Of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2000, 85: 748-754. DOI: 10.1210/jcem.85.2.6354.
  • Intense exercise stimulates albumin synthesis in the upright postureNagashima K, Cline G, Mack G, Shulman G, Nadel E. Intense exercise stimulates albumin synthesis in the upright posture. Journal Of Applied Physiology 2000, 88: 41-46. PMID: 10642360, DOI: 10.1152/jappl.2000.88.1.41.
  • Metabolic control analysis of insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in rat skeletal muscleJucker B, Barucci N, Shulman G. Metabolic control analysis of insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in rat skeletal muscle. American Journal Of Physiology 1999, 277: e505-e512. PMID: 10484363, DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1999.277.3.e505.
  • 35th Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of DiabetesMelander A, Olsson J, Lindberg G, Salzman A, Howard T, Stang P, Lydick E, Emslie-Smith A, Boyle DI, Evans JM, Macdonald TM, Bain J, Sullivan F, Juhl C, Pørksen N, Sturis J, Hollingdal M, Pincus S, Veldhuis J, Dejgaard A, Schmitz O, Kristensen J, Frandsen K, Bayer T, Müller P, Dunning B, Paladini S, Gutierrez C, Deacon R, Valentin M, Grunberger G, Weston W, Patwardhan R, Rappaport E, Sargeant L, Wareham N, Khaw K, Zethelius B, Lithell H, Hales C, Berne C, Lakka H, Oksanen L, Tuomainen T, Kontula K, Salonen J, Dekker J, de Boks P, de Vegt F, Stehouwer C, Nijpels G, Bouter L, Heine R, Bruno G, Cavallo-Perin P, Bargero G, D’Errico N, Borra M, Macchia G, Pagano G, Newton R, Ruta D, New J, Wallace C, Roxburgh M, Young R, Vaughan N, Elliott P, Brennan G, Devers M, MacAlpine R, Steinke D, Lawson D, Decallonne B, Casteels K, Gysemans C, Bouillon R, Mathieu C, Linn T, Strate C, Schneider K, Funda D, Jirsa M, Kozáková H, Kaas A, Kofronová O, Tlaskalová-Hogenová H, Buschard K, Wanka H, Hartmann A, Kuttler B, Rasmussen S, Sørensen T, Markholst H, Petersen J, Karounos D, Dyrberg T, Mabley J, Haskó G, Szabó C, Seissler J, Nguyen T, Steinbrenner H, Scherbaum W, Cipriani R, Gabriele A, Sensi M, Guidobaldi L, Pantellini F, Cerrito M, Scarpa S, Di Mario U, Morano S, Ceolotto G, Iori E, Baritono E, Del Prato S, Semplicini A, Trevisan R, Zerbini G, Meregalli G, Asnaghi V, Tentori F, Maestroni A, Mangili R, Marescotti C, Vedovato M, Tiengo A, Tadjieva J, Mankovsky B, Van Aken S, Raes A, Vande Walle J, Matthys D, Craen M, Hansen H, Lund S, Rossing P, Jensen T, Parving H, Andersen S, Tarnow L, Hansen B, Trautner C, Haastert B, Ennenbach N, Willich S, Tabák Á, Orchard T, Spranger J, Preissner K, Schatz H, Pfeiffer A, Cantón A, Burgos R, Hernández C, Lecube A, Mesa J, Segura R, Mateo C, Simó R, Fathallah L, Greene D, Obrosova I, Gilbert R, Kelly D, Cox A, Berka-Wilkinson J, Taylor H, Panagiotopoulos S, Lee V, Jerums G, Cooper M, Hitman G, Aganna E, Ogunkolade W, Rema M, Deepa R, Shanthi-Rani C, Barakat K, Kumarajeewa T, Cassell P, McDermott M, Mohan V, Ways K, Bursell S, Devries T, Woodworth J, Alatorre C, King G, Aiello L, Karisen A, Pavlovic D, Nielsen K, Jensen J, Andersen H, Pociot F, Mandrup-Poulsen T, Eizirik D, Nerup J, Lortz S, Tiedge M, Lenzen S, Lally F, Bone A, Darville M, Ho Y, Sternesjö J, Sandler S, Chen M, Schuit F, Pipeleers D, Merezak S, Hardikar A, Hoet J, Remacle C, Reusens B, Bréant B, Garofano A, Czernichow P, Kubota N, Terauchi Y, Miki H, Tamemoto H, Yamauchi T, Nakano R, Komeda K, Eto K, Tobe K, Kimura S, Kadowaki T, Ide T, Murakami K, Tsunoda M, Mochizuki T, Ozanne S, Nave B, Wang C, Dorling M, Petry C, Koopmans S, van der Bent C, Que I, Radder J, Sebokova E, Sana A, Klimes I, Ruderman N, Morviducci L, Pastore L, Morelli S, Sagratella E, Zorretta D, Buongiomo A, Tamburrano G, Giaccari A, Martinenghi S, De Angelis G, Ravasi F, Bifari F, Bordignon C, Falqui L, Kessler A, Dransfeld O, Sasson S, Tomas E, Zorzano A, Eckel J, Thorsby P, Rosenfalck A, Kjems L, Hanssen K, Madsbad S, Birkeland K, Hamilton-Wessler M, Markussen J, Bergman R, Melki V, Hanaire-Broutin H, Bessières-Lacombe S, Tauber J, Home P, Lindholm A, Riis A, Rosenstock J, Schwartz S, Clark C, Edwards M, Donley D, Swift P, Mortensen H, Lynggaard H, Hougaard P, Cull C, Neil H, Frighi V, Manley S, Holman R, Turner R, Steiner G, Davis W, Weeraratna T, Bruce D, Davis T, Vergès B, Duvillard L, Pont F, Florentin E, Gambert P, Benko B, Ljubić S, Turk Z, Granić M, März W, Wollschläger H, Klein G, Neiss A, Wehling M, Huxtable S, Saker P, Walker M, Frayling T, Levy J, O’Rahilly S, Hattersley A, McCarthy M, Orecchio A, Giacchini A, Dominici R, Canettieri G, Trinti B, Zani M, Andreoli M, Sciacchitano S, de Silva A, Whitecross K, Pasco J, Kotowicz M, Nicholson G, Zimmet P, Boyko E, Collier G, Frittitta L, Pizzuti A, Argiolas A, Graci S, Goldfine I, Bozzali M, Ercolino T, Costanzo B, Iacoviello L, Tassi V, Trischitta V, Wauters M, Rankinen T, Mertens I, Chagnon M, Bouchard C, Van Gaal L, Sivenius K, Valve R, Hakkarainen V, Niskanen L, Laakso M, Uusitupa M, Beridze N, Japaridze M, Kurashvili R, Dundua M, Kebuladze G, Kazakhashvili N, Offley-Shore B, Thomas B, Ghebremeskel K, Crawford M, Lowy C, Eriksson U, Martin Simán C, Wisse B, Gittenberger-de Groot A, Wentzel P, Eriksson U, Wender-Ożegowska E, Drews K, Biczysko R, Bronisz A, Rość D, Graczykowska-Koczorowska A, Kotschy M, Sokup A, Kohnert K, Besch W, Strese J, Frick U, Zander E, Kemer W, Škrha J, Kvasnička J, Kalvodová B, Hilgertová J, Schatteman K, Goossens F, Scharpé S, De Leeuw I, Hendriks D, Legakis I, Panayiotou D, Mountokalakis T, Enderle M, Beckmann P, Balletshofer B, Rittig K, Maerker E, Volk A, Meisner C, Jacob S, Matthaei S, Häring H, Rett K, Ueda K, Nakagawa T, Shimajiri Y, Kokawa M, Matsumoto E, Sasaki H, Sanke T, Nanjo K, McKinnon C, Macfarlane W, Docherty K, Furukawa N, Shirotani T, Kishikawa H, Kaneko K, Araki E, Shichiri M, Prentki M, Roduit R, Susini S, Buteau J, Ejrnæs A, Andersen N, Osterhoff M, Möhlig M, Ortmann J, Bikashaghi F, Mayer C, Bikashagi F, Ackermans M, Pereira Arias A, Bisschop P, Endert E, Sauerwein H, Romijn J, Gastaldelli A, Baldi S, Pettiti M, Natali A, Frascerra S, Camastra S, Toschi E, Ferrannini E, Stingl H, Krssak M, Bischof M, Krebs M, Fürnsinn C, Nowotny P, Waldhäusl W, Roden M, Neeft M, Meijer A, Båvenholm P, Pigon J, Efendic S, Kästenbauer T, Sauseng S, Sokol G, Auinger M, Irsigler K, Abbott C, Carrington A, Faragher B, Kulkarni J, Van Ross E, Boulton A, Armstrong D, Hadi S, Nguyen H, Harkless L, Jirkovská A, Kasalicky P, Hosová J, Skibova J, Uccioli L, Caselli A, Giacomozzi C, Macellari V, Giurato L, Lardieri L, Menzinger G, Pham H, Rosenblum B, Lyons T, Giurini J, Smakowski P, Chrzan J, Habershaw G, Veves A, Foster A, Bates M, Doxford M, Edmonds M, Kecha O, Winkler R, Martens H, Collette J, Lefèbvre P, Greiner D, Geenen V, Atlan-Gepner C, Naspetti M, Valéro R, Barad M, Lepault F, Vialettes B, Naquet P, de Galan B, Netea M, Hancu N, Smits P, Van der Meer J, Osterbye T, Jørgensen K, Tranum-Jensen J, Fredman P, Høy M, Bokvist K, Olsen H, Horn T, Gromada J, Laub R, Lohmann T, Hahn H, Adler T, Emmrich F, Rabuazzo A, Lupi R, Dotta F, Patanè G, Marselli L, Realacci M, Piro S, Del Guerra S, Santangelo C, Navalesi R, Purrello F, Marchetti P, de Vos P, Visser L, de Haan B, Klok P, van Schilfgaarde R, Poppema S, Juang J, Kuo C, Hsu B, Nacher V, Pérez M, Biarnés M, Raurell M, Soler J, Montanya E, Ritzel R, Maubach J, Büsing M, Becker T, Klempnauer J, Hücking K, Schmiegel W, Nauck M, Bouček P, Saudek F, Adamec M, Kožitarová R, Jedináková T, Vlasáková Z, Skibová J, Bartoš V, Maffi P, Bertuzzi F, Aldrighetti L, Taglietti M, Castelnuovo A, Pozza G, Di Carlo V, Secchi A, Renier G, Mamputu J, Gillespie J, McMaster D, Mercer C, Trimble E, Lecomte M, Véricel E, Paget C, Ruggiero D, Lagarde M, Wiernsperger N, Pricci F, Leto G, Amadio L, Cordone S, Iacobini C, Catalano S, Violi F, Rotella C, Pugliese G, Zicari A, Gradini R, Sale P, Pala L, Cresci B, Giannini S, Manuelli C, Dahlfors G, Arnqvist H, Gonelle-Gispert C, Halnan P, Sadoul K, Wolter S, Lang J, Niwa T, Yu W, Hidaka H, Senda T, Niki I, Fukasawa T, Renstrom E, Barg S, Seward E, Rorsman P, Rutter G, Molinete M, Lilla V, Ravazzola M, Halban P, Efanov A, Bertorello A, Zaitsev S, Zwiller J, Berggren P, MŞengül A, Salman F, Sargrn M, Özer E, Karşidaǧ K, Salman S, Gedik S, Satman İ, Dinççaǧ N, Yılmaz M, Lloyd A, Hopkinson P, Testa M, Blonde L, Turner R, Hayes J, Simonson D, van der Ven N, Lubach C, Snoek F, Mollema E, van der Ploeg H, Danne T, Hoey H, McGee H, Fitzgerald H, Lernmark B, Thernlund G, Fredin K, Hägglöf B, Lugari R, Dell’Anna C, Ugolotti D, Dei Cas A, Barilli A, Sard L, Marani B, Iotti M, Zandomeneghi R, Gnudi A, Kjems L, Volund A, Toft-Nielsen M, Damholt M, Hilsted L, Hughes T, Krarup T, Holst J, Young A, Gottlieb A, Fineman M, Kolterman O, Cancelas J, García-Martínez J, Villanueva-Peñacarrillo M, Valverde I, Malaisse W, Filipsson K, Ahrén B, Balkan B, Kwasnik L, Battle B, Li X, Egan J, Clocquet A, Elahi D, Petrella E, Pricket K, Petersen K, Sullivan J, Amatruda J, Livingston J, Shulman G, Freyse E, Knospe S, Glund K, Demuth H, Walker D, Malik R, Reljanovic M, Barada A, Milicevic Z, Tack C, Goldstein D, Van Huysen C, Stevens M, Cao X, Sundkvist G, Dahlin L, Eriksson K, Rosén I, Lattimer S, Sima A, Sullivan K, Shaw J, de Courten M, Zimmet P, Gourdy P, Ruidavets J, Arveiler D, Amouyel P, Bingham A, Tauber J, Lam K, Wat N, Lam T, Janus E, de Pablos P, Rodriguez F, Martínez J, Sánchez V, Santana C, García I, Macías A, Levin K, Hother-Nielsen O, Henriksen J, Beck-Nielsen H, Brechtel K, Machann J, Koch M, Nielsen M, Löblein K, Becker R, Denignger M, Renn W, Machicao F, Claussen C, Schick F, Diraison F, Moulin P, Beylot M, Thams P, Capito K, Eliasson L, Barg S, Göpel S, Kanno T, Renström E, Meda P, Charollais A, Gjnovci A, Calabrese A, Wonkam A, Caton D, Wisznievski L, Serre V, Cogne F, Bauquis J, Bosco D, Huarte J, Herrera P, Gotfredsen C, Vessby B, Manuel y Keenoy B, Engelen W, Vertommen J, Schrans S, Louheranta A, Lindström J, Tuomilehto J, Segal K, Heymsfield S, Hauptman J, Boldrin M, Lucas C, Pandolfi A, Cetrullo D, Polishchuck R, Alberta M, Pellegrini G, Calafiore A, Vitacolonna E, Capani F, Consoli A, Halleux C, Gillot E, Brichard S, Van der Planken M, Corthouts B, Peiffer F, Scholten D, Walke M, Assert R, Pirags V, Pedula K, Hillier T, Brown J, Santini S, Marra G, Cotroneo P, Manto A, Di Leo M, Di Gregorio S, Tordi A, Pitocco D, Ruotolo V, Ghirlanda G, Temelkova-Kurktschiev T, Schaper F, Koehler C, Henkel E, Hanefeld M, Mancini L, Citterio F, Cotroneo A, Ceroone S, Castagneto M, Rajbhandari S, Dent M, Plater M, Harris N, Tesfaye S, Ward J, Dupuy O, Mayaudon H, Lecoules S, Bauduceau B, Palou M, Farret O, Molinié C, Antonelli-Incalzi R, Fuso L, Giordano A, Calcagni M, Todaro L, Basso S, Tramaglino L, Troncone L, Pistelli R, Guillot R, Bringuier A, Porokhov B, Guillausseau P, Feldmann G, Zivanic S, Cizmic M, Dragojevic R, Vanovic M, Borghouts L, van Kranenburg G, Schaart G, Keizer H, Niess A, Dickuth H, Lutz O, Barbe P, Calazel-Fournier C, Hernandez G, Saint-Martin F, Galitzky J, Gonçalves A, da Silva E, Brito I, da Silva C, Lawrence N, Kousta E, Mulnier H, Penny A, Millauer B, Johnston D, Robinson S, Perriello G, Pimenta W, Pampanelli S, Lucidi P, Lepore M, Porcellati F, Cordoni M, De Feo P, Bolli G, Sjöstrand M, Holmäng A, Lönnroth P, Hauer B, Grauer P, Artzner S, Lang R, Stumvoll M, Monti L, Piatti P, Gemone F, Valsecchi G, Magni M, Barbieri E, Setola E, Sandoli E, Galli-Kienle M, Pontiroli A, Nichols G, Brown J, Salzsieder E, Boltz H, Ramirez J, Rutscher A, Fischer U, Koenig C, Friske M, Schramm W, Landgraf R, Bachmann W, Bangemann M, Groeneveld G, Edvell A, Lindström P, Tsiotra P, Koukourava A, Raptis S, Tsigos C, Boutou E, Triandaffilopoulou A, Egido E, Rodríguez-Gallardo J, Gutiérrez E, García P, Silvestre R, Marco J, Khan A, Ling Z, Ahren B, Efendic S, Bünting C, Du X, Zhi Sui G, Rösen P, Koschinsky T, Kearney T, Sharp P, Lapolla A, Fedele D, Martano L, Garbeglio M, Seraglia R, Favretto D, Traldi P, Meerwaldt R, Smit A, Links T, v. Roon A, Graaf R, Gans R, Deynelİ O, Ersöz H, Gogas D, Fak A, Akalin S, Veglio M, Sivieri R, Chinaglia A, Scaglione L, Le T, Wong N, Detrano R, Charles M, Colhoun H, Francis D, Rubens M, Underwood S, Fuller J, Knudsen E, Sato A, Nielsen F, Bonora E, Kiechl S, Willeit J, Oberhollenzer F, Egger G, Bonadonna R, Muggeo M, Festa A, D’Agostino R, Howard G, Mykkänen L, Tracy R, Haffner S, Poulsen P, Vach K, Ijzerman R, Bakker S, Truster J, Crowther N, Cameron N, Gray I, Chaillous L, Carel J, Thivolet C, Boitard C, Charbonnel B, Saï P, Decochez K, Keymeulen B, Somers G, Dorchy H, Rottiers R, Winnock F, ver Elst K, Weets I, Pipeleers D, Gorus F, Seebaum S, Schumm-Draeger P, Petzoldt R, Federlin K, Bonnevie-Nielsen V, Martensen P, Justesen J, Worsaa A, Karlsson M, Sederholm S, Ludvigsson J, Bélicar P, Dale C, Vague P, Alessis C, Lassmann-Vague V, Bode B, Gross T, Ghegan M, Steed R, Davidson P, Ordoñez A, Rubio J, Sulleiro J, Buendía J, Zamora J, Castillo M, Schaupp L, Ellmerer M, Brunner G, Sendlhofer G, Schlack C, Skrabal F, Wach P, Pieber T, Heinemann L, Krämer U, Klötzer H, Hermann M, Cosgrove K, Chapman J, Shepherd R, McIntyre S, Butler P, Dunne M, Brekardin E, Dörschner H, Schwanstecher C, Schwanstecher M, Uhde I, Emmanouilidou E, Teschemacher A, Pouli A, Gylfe E, Tengholm A, Hellman B, Perfetti R, Aggarwal S, Müller G, Welte S, Wied S, Valverde A, Mur C, Kahn C, Benito M, Rondinone C, Peterson T, Laviola L, Belsanti G, Logoluso F, Napoli R, Davalli A, Weir G, Giorgino R, Giorgino F, Flesch S, Hompesch B, Rave K, Susanto F, Kühn-Velten W, Heise T, Rendell M, Dole J, Esper R, Stein E, Lemme L, Rubinstein A, Maritz F, Soule S, Market A, Chajek-Shaul T, Maislos M, Tal S, Stolero D, Josefsen K, Beckmann H, Petersen C, Ekman R, Efanova I, Zaitsev S, Berggren P, Birkenbach M, Holl R, Rosenbauer J, Grabert M, Icks A, Schwab O, Reile K, Janssen M, de Jongh R, Casteleijn S, Masurel N, Hoogma R, Santeusanio F, Brunetti P, Fanelli C, Laureti S, Bartocci L, Maran A, Crepaldi C, 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Betzholtz C, Bretzel R, Manti R, Gallo M, Molinar Hin A, Brignardello E, Boccuzzi G, Li S, Xiang K, Zhang R, Shangguan X, Wu J, Donnan P, Broomhall J, Hunter K, Morris A, Ioannidis G, Peppa M, Rontogianni E, Kallifronas M, Lekatsas I, Chrysanthopoulou G, Anthopoulos L, Kesse M, Thalassinos N, Neves C, Medina J, Lopes F, Yılmaz M, Güvener N, Güvener M, Kocagöz T, Böke E, Paşaoglu I, Bascil Tutuncu N, Oto A, Karvonen M, Koulu M, Pesonen U, Mercuri M, Rauramaa R, Rutter M, Kestevan P, McComb J, Marshall S, Sobieska M, Wiktorowicz K, Kanters S, Banga J, Algra A, Frijns C, Beutler J, Fijnheer R, Nicoloff G, Baydanoff S, Stanimirova N, Petrova C, Lario S, Campistol J, Cases A, Clària J, Iñigo P, Esmatjcs E, Sármán B, Tóth M, Kocsis I, Somogyi A, Bumbure A, Jachimowicz K, Samson J, Tomasiak M, Sobol A, Stańczyk L, Watala C, Stradina P, Wiśniewska-Jarosińska M, Marciniak D, Więcławska B, Watała C, Golański J, Zinnat R, Mahmud I, Büyükasik Y, Demiroğlu H, Szczepanik A, Skowroński M, Murawska A, Meeking D, Allard S, Munday J, Chowienczyk P, Shaw K, Cummings M, Šimková R, Jirsa M, Hadoke P, McIntyre C, Jones G, Williams B, Elliott A, McKnight J, Pernow J, Bombonato G, Finucci G, Zotta L, Senses V, Ozyazgan S, Ince E, Tunçdemir M, Oztürk M, Sultuybek G, Akkan A, Özyazgan S, Unlücerci Y, Bekpınar S, Meyer M, Lee B, Shore A, Humphreys J, Tooke J, Dell’Omo G, Giovannitti G, Caricato F, Mariani M, Pedrinelli R, Kiviet-Boehm C, Schwelling V, Matthäei S, Pfohl M, McInerney D, Itoh H, Ohno T, Katoh N, Baumgartner-Parzer S, Artwohl M, Graier W, Ludwig C, Tachi Y, Bannai C, Shinohara M, Shimpuku H, Ohura K, Bertacca A, Sasvári M, Szaleczki E, Pusztai P, Boes U, Klaus E, Dittrich P, Wagner Z, Wittmann I, Pótó L, Wagner L, Mazák I, Nagy J, Feletto F, Taboga C, Tonutti L, Lizzio S, Russo A, Selmo V, Ceriello A, Lekakis J, Papamichael C, Stamatelopoulos K, Stamatelopoulos S, Yillar D, Gay M, Lillaz E, Passaro A, Vanini A, Calzoni F, D’Elia K, Carantoni M, Zuliani G, Fellin R, Solini A, Chwatko G, Bald E, Dramais A, Wallemacq P, Vandeleene B, Ciaria M, Ariano M, Strom R, Gibney J, Weiss U, Turner B, O’Gorman P, Watts G, Powrie J, Crook M, Shaw K, Cummings M. 35th Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetologia 1999, 42: a1-a330. PMID: 27770183, DOI: 10.1007/bf03375458.
  • Translocation of myocardial GLUT-4 and increased glucose uptake through activation of AMPK by AICARRussell R, Bergeron R, Shulman G, Young L. Translocation of myocardial GLUT-4 and increased glucose uptake through activation of AMPK by AICAR. American Journal Of Physiology 1999, 277: h643-h649. PMID: 10444490, DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1999.277.2.h643.
  • Impaired Glucose Transport as a Cause of Decreased Insulin-Stimulated Muscle Glycogen Synthesis in Type 2 DiabetesCline G, Petersen K, Krssak M, Shen J, Hundal R, Trajanoski Z, Inzucchi S, Dresner A, Rothman D, Shulman G. Impaired Glucose Transport as a Cause of Decreased Insulin-Stimulated Muscle Glycogen Synthesis in Type 2 Diabetes. New England Journal Of Medicine 1999, 341: 240-246. PMID: 10413736, DOI: 10.1056/nejm199907223410404.
  • Determination of the rate of the glutamate/glutamine cycle in the human brain by in vivo 13C NMRShen J, Petersen K, Behar K, Brown P, Nixon T, Mason G, Petroff O, Shulman G, Shulman R, Rothman D. Determination of the rate of the glutamate/glutamine cycle in the human brain by in vivo 13C NMR. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 1999, 96: 8235-8240. PMID: 10393978, PMCID: PMC22218, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.14.8235.
  • Cellular mechanisms of insulin resistance in humansShulman G. Cellular mechanisms of insulin resistance in humans. The American Journal Of Cardiology 1999, 84: 3-10. PMID: 10418851, DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(99)00350-1.
  • A critical evaluation of mass isotopomer distribution analysis of gluconeogenesis in vivoPrevis S, Cline G, Shulman G. A critical evaluation of mass isotopomer distribution analysis of gluconeogenesis in vivo. American Journal Of Physiology 1999, 277: e154-e160. PMID: 10409139, DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1999.277.1.e154.
  • Regulation of myocardial glucose uptake and transport during ischemia and energetic stressYoung L, Russell R, Yin R, Caplan M, Ren J, Bergeron R, Shulman G, Sinusas A. Regulation of myocardial glucose uptake and transport during ischemia and energetic stress. The American Journal Of Cardiology 1999, 83: 25-30. PMID: 10750583, DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(99)00253-2.
  • Effect of AMPK activation on muscle glucose metabolism in conscious ratsBergeron R, Russell R, Young L, Ren J, Marcucci M, Lee A, Shulman G. Effect of AMPK activation on muscle glucose metabolism in conscious rats. American Journal Of Physiology 1999, 276: e938-e944. PMID: 10329989, DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1999.276.5.e938.
  • Contributions of net hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis to glucose production in cirrhosisPetersen K, Krssak M, Navarro V, Chandramouli V, Hundal R, Schumann W, Landau B, Shulman G. Contributions of net hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis to glucose production in cirrhosis. American Journal Of Physiology 1999, 276: e529-e535. PMID: 10070020, DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1999.276.3.e529.
  • Effects of free fatty acids on glucose transport and IRS-1–associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activityDresner A, Laurent D, Marcucci M, Griffin M, Dufour S, Cline G, Slezak L, Andersen D, Hundal R, Rothman D, Petersen K, Shulman G. Effects of free fatty acids on glucose transport and IRS-1–associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity. Journal Of Clinical Investigation 1999, 103: 253-259. PMID: 9916137, PMCID: PMC407880, DOI: 10.1172/jci5001.
  • Intramyocellular lipid concentrations are correlated with insulin sensitivity in humans: a 1H NMR spectroscopy studyKrssak M, Falk Petersen K, Dresner A, DiPietro L, Vogel SM, Rothman DL, Shulman G, Roden M. Intramyocellular lipid concentrations are correlated with insulin sensitivity in humans: a 1H NMR spectroscopy study. Diabetologia 1999, 42: 113-116. PMID: 10027589, DOI: 10.1007/s001250051123.
  • NMR Studies on the Mechanism of Insulin ResistancePerseghin G, Petersen K, Shulman G. NMR Studies on the Mechanism of Insulin Resistance. 1999, 159-177. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59259-716-1_9.
  • Additive Effects of Hyperinsulinemia and Ischemia on Myocardial GLUT1 and GLUT4 Translocation In VivoRussell R, Yin R, Caplan M, Hu X, Ren J, Shulman G, Sinusas A, Young L. Additive Effects of Hyperinsulinemia and Ischemia on Myocardial GLUT1 and GLUT4 Translocation In Vivo. Circulation 1998, 98: 2180-2186. PMID: 9815873, DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.98.20.2180.
  • EFFECTIVENESS OF TWO CARBOHYDRATE LOADING PROTOCOLS TO ACHIEVE AND MAINTAIN SUPERCOMPENSATED MUSCLE GLYCOGENGoforth H, Schneider K, Prusaczyk W, Laurent D, Petersen K, Shulman G. EFFECTIVENESS OF TWO CARBOHYDRATE LOADING PROTOCOLS TO ACHIEVE AND MAINTAIN SUPERCOMPENSATED MUSCLE GLYCOGEN. Medicine & Science In Sports & Exercise 1998, 30: 246. DOI: 10.1097/00005768-199805001-01401.
  • CAFFEINE HAS NO EFFECT ON MUSCLE GLYCOGEN USE DURING EXERCISE AFTER CARBOHYDRATE LOADINGPrusaczyk W, Schneider K, Laurent D, Goforth H, Petersen K, Shulman G. CAFFEINE HAS NO EFFECT ON MUSCLE GLYCOGEN USE DURING EXERCISE AFTER CARBOHYDRATE LOADING. Medicine & Science In Sports & Exercise 1998, 30: 248. DOI: 10.1097/00005768-199805001-01410.
  • THE RELIABILITY OF THE HYPERINSULINEMIC/EUGLYCEMIC CLAMP IN ACTIVE HEALTHY ADULTS.L D, Petersen K, Shulman G, Nadel E. THE RELIABILITY OF THE HYPERINSULINEMIC/EUGLYCEMIC CLAMP IN ACTIVE HEALTHY ADULTS. Medicine & Science In Sports & Exercise 1998, 30: 245. DOI: 10.1097/00005768-199805001-01393.
  • THE RELIABILITY OF THE HYPERINSULINEMIC/EUGLYCEMIC CLAMP IN ACTIVE HEALTHY ADULTS.DiPietro L, Petersen K, Shulman G, Nadel E. THE RELIABILITY OF THE HYPERINSULINEMIC/EUGLYCEMIC CLAMP IN ACTIVE HEALTHY ADULTS. Medicine & Science In Sports & Exercise 1998, 30: 245. DOI: 10.1097/00005768-199805001-01393.
  • Effect of insulin on glycerol production in obese adolescentsRobinson C, Tamborlane W, Maggs D, Enoksson S, Sherwin R, Silver D, Shulman G, Caprio S. Effect of insulin on glycerol production in obese adolescents. American Journal Of Physiology 1998, 274: e737-e743. PMID: 9575836, DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1998.274.4.e737.
  • Efficacy and Metabolic Effects of Metformin and Troglitazone in Type II Diabetes MellitusInzucchi S, Maggs D, Spollett G, Page S, Rife F, Walton V, Shulman G. Efficacy and Metabolic Effects of Metformin and Troglitazone in Type II Diabetes Mellitus. New England Journal Of Medicine 1998, 338: 867-873. PMID: 9516221, DOI: 10.1056/nejm199803263381303.
  • Disruption of IRS-2 causes type 2 diabetes in miceWithers D, Gutierrez J, Towery H, Burks D, Ren J, Previs S, Zhang Y, Bernal D, Pons S, Shulman G, Bonner-Weir S, White M. Disruption of IRS-2 causes type 2 diabetes in mice. Nature 1998, 391: 900-904. PMID: 9495343, DOI: 10.1038/36116.
  • A novel 13C NMR method to assess intracellular glucose concentration in muscle, in vivoCline G, Jucker B, Trajanoski Z, Rennings A, Shulman G. A novel 13C NMR method to assess intracellular glucose concentration in muscle, in vivo. American Journal Of Physiology 1998, 274: e381-e389. PMID: 9486172, DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1998.274.2.e381.
  • Effect of epinephrine on muscle glycogenolysis and insulin-stimulated muscle glycogen synthesis in humansLaurent D, Petersen K, Russell R, Cline G, Shulman G. Effect of epinephrine on muscle glycogenolysis and insulin-stimulated muscle glycogen synthesis in humans. American Journal Of Physiology 1998, 274: e130-e138. PMID: 9458758, DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1998.274.1.e130.
  • Effects of insulin-like growth factor I on glucose metabolism in rats with liver cirrhosisPetersen K, Jacob R, West A, Sherwin R, Shulman G. Effects of insulin-like growth factor I on glucose metabolism in rats with liver cirrhosis. American Journal Of Physiology 1997, 273: e1189-e1193. PMID: 9435535, DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1997.273.6.e1189.
  • Metabolic Defects in Lean Nondiabetic Offspring of NIDDM Parents: A Cross-Sectional StudyPerseghin G, Ghosh S, Gerow K, Shulman G. Metabolic Defects in Lean Nondiabetic Offspring of NIDDM Parents: A Cross-Sectional Study. Diabetes 1997, 46: 1001-1009. PMID: 9166672, DOI: 10.2337/diab.46.6.1001.
  • Metabolic defects in lean nondiabetic offspring of NIDDM parents: a cross-sectional studyPerseghin G, Ghosh S, Gerow K, Shulman G. Metabolic defects in lean nondiabetic offspring of NIDDM parents: a cross-sectional study. Diabetes 1997, 46: 1001-1009. DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.46.6.1001.
  • TIMECOURSE AND MECHANISM OF GLYCOGEN SUPERCOMPENSATION IN MAN 252Price T, Petersen K, Laurent D, Shulman G. TIMECOURSE AND MECHANISM OF GLYCOGEN SUPERCOMPENSATION IN MAN 252. Medicine & Science In Sports & Exercise 1997, 29: 44. DOI: 10.1097/00005768-199705001-00252.
  • 13C and 31P NMR Studies on the Effects of Increased Plasma Free Fatty Acids on Intramuscular Glucose Metabolism in the Awake Rat*Jucker B, Rennings A, Cline G, Shulman G. 13C and 31P NMR Studies on the Effects of Increased Plasma Free Fatty Acids on Intramuscular Glucose Metabolism in the Awake Rat*. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 1997, 272: 10464-10473. PMID: 9099689, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.16.10464.
  • Low-flow ischemia leads to translocation of canine heart GLUT-4 and GLUT-1 glucose transporters to the sarcolemma in vivo.Young L, Renfu Y, Russell R, Hu X, Caplan M, Ren J, Shulman G, Sinusas A. Low-flow ischemia leads to translocation of canine heart GLUT-4 and GLUT-1 glucose transporters to the sarcolemma in vivo. Circulation 1997, 95: 415-22. PMID: 9008459, DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.95.2.415.
  • The Effect of Leptin Is Enhanced by Microinjection Into the Ventromedial HypothalamusJacob R, Dziura J, Medwick M, Leone P, Caprio S, During M, Shulman G, Sherwin R. The Effect of Leptin Is Enhanced by Microinjection Into the Ventromedial Hypothalamus. Diabetes 1997, 46: 150-152. PMID: 8971096, DOI: 10.2337/diab.46.1.150.
  • The effect of leptin is enhanced by microinjection into the ventromedial hypothalamusJacob R, Dziura J, Medwick M, Leone P, Caprio S, During M, Shulman G, Sherwin R. The effect of leptin is enhanced by microinjection into the ventromedial hypothalamus. Diabetes 1997, 46: 150-152. DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.46.1.150.
  • Human IAPP/amylin overproducing transgenic mice: Characterization of an animal model to study the role of IAPP in the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetesHöppener J, Oosterwijk C, Shulman G, Jiménez-Chillarón J, Guinovart J, Chico S, Gómez-Foix A, Ahrén B, Lips C. Human IAPP/amylin overproducing transgenic mice: Characterization of an animal model to study the role of IAPP in the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes. Experimental And Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes 1997, 105: 69-69. DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1211891.
  • Time course of the defective α-cell response to hypoglycemia in diabetic BB ratsJacob R, Dziura J, Morgen J, Shulman G, Sherwin R. Time course of the defective α-cell response to hypoglycemia in diabetic BB rats. Metabolism 1996, 45: 1422-1426. PMID: 8931649, DOI: 10.1016/s0026-0495(96)90125-0.
  • Mass and Positional Isotopomer Analysis of Glucose Metabolism in Periportal and Pericentral Hepatocytes(*)Cline G, Shulman G. Mass and Positional Isotopomer Analysis of Glucose Metabolism in Periportal and Pericentral Hepatocytes(*). Journal Of Biological Chemistry 1995, 270: 28062-28067. PMID: 7499292, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.47.28062.
  • Triiodothyronine treatment increases substrate cycling between pyruvate carboxylase and malic enzyme in perfused rat liverPetersen K, Blair J, Shulman G. Triiodothyronine treatment increases substrate cycling between pyruvate carboxylase and malic enzyme in perfused rat liver. Metabolism 1995, 44: 1380-1383. PMID: 7476321, DOI: 10.1016/0026-0495(95)90133-7.
  • Contribution of Hepatic Glycogenolysis to Glucose Production in Humans in Response to a Physiological Increase in Plasma Glucagon ConcentrationMagnusson I, Rothman D, Gerard D, Katz L, Shulman G. Contribution of Hepatic Glycogenolysis to Glucose Production in Humans in Response to a Physiological Increase in Plasma Glucagon Concentration. Diabetes 1995, 44: 185-189. PMID: 7859939, DOI: 10.2337/diab.44.2.185.
  • Local Ventromedial Hypothalamus Glucopenia Triggers Counterregulatory Hormone ReleaseBorg W, Sherwin R, During M, Borg M, Shulman G. Local Ventromedial Hypothalamus Glucopenia Triggers Counterregulatory Hormone Release. Diabetes 1995, 44: 180-184. PMID: 7859938, DOI: 10.2337/diab.44.2.180.
  • Local ventromedial hypothalamus glucopenia triggers counterregulatory hormone releaseBorg W, Sherwin R, During M, Borg M, Shulman G. Local ventromedial hypothalamus glucopenia triggers counterregulatory hormone release. Diabetes 1995, 44: 180-184. DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.44.2.180.
  • Contribution of hepatic glycogenolysis to glucose production in humans in response to a physiological increase in plasma glucagon concentrationMagnusson I, Rothman D, Gerard D, Katz L, Shulman G. Contribution of hepatic glycogenolysis to glucose production in humans in response to a physiological increase in plasma glucagon concentration. Diabetes 1995, 44: 185-189. DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.44.2.185.
  • Localized 13C NMR Spectroscopy in the Human Brain of Amino Acid Labeling from d‐[1‐13C]GlucoseGruetter R, Novotny E, Boulware S, Mason G, Rothman D, Shulman G, Prichard J, Shulman R. Localized 13C NMR Spectroscopy in the Human Brain of Amino Acid Labeling from d‐[1‐13C]Glucose. Journal Of Neurochemistry 1994, 63: 1377-1385. PMID: 7931289, DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.63041377.x.
  • Progesterone administration induced impairment of insulin suppression of hepatic glucose productionNelson T, Shulman G, Grainger D, Diamond M. Progesterone administration induced impairment of insulin suppression of hepatic glucose production. Fertility And Sterility 1994, 62: 491-496. PMID: 8062943, DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)56936-2.
  • Validation of 13C NMR measurements of liver glycogen in vivoGruetter R, Magnusson I, Rothman D, Avison M, Shulman R, Shulman G. Validation of 13C NMR measurements of liver glycogen in vivo. Magnetic Resonance In Medicine 1994, 31: 583-588. PMID: 8057810, DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1910310602.
  • PL-4: NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE PATHOGENESIS OF TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS WITH NMRShulman G. PL-4: NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE PATHOGENESIS OF TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS WITH NMR. European Journal Of Endocrinology 1994, 130: ss7-ss8. DOI: 10.1530/eje.0.130s007.
  • Inhibitory Effect of Pregnancy on Counterregulatory Hormone Responses to Hypoglycemia in Awake RatRossi G, Lapaczewski P, Diamond M, Jacob R, Shulman G, Sherwin R. Inhibitory Effect of Pregnancy on Counterregulatory Hormone Responses to Hypoglycemia in Awake Rat. Diabetes 1993, 42: 1440-1445. PMID: 8375583, DOI: 10.2337/diab.42.10.1440.
  • Inhibitory effect of pregnancy on counterregulatory hormone responses to hypoglycemia in awake ratRossi G, Lapaczewski P, Diamond M, Jacob R, Shulman G, Sherwin R. Inhibitory effect of pregnancy on counterregulatory hormone responses to hypoglycemia in awake rat. Diabetes 1993, 42: 1440-1445. DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.42.10.1440.
  • Comparative Effects of Monomethylsuccinate and Glucose on Insulin Secretion from Perifused Rat IsletsZawalich W, Zawalich K, Cline G, Shulman G, Rasmussen H. Comparative Effects of Monomethylsuccinate and Glucose on Insulin Secretion from Perifused Rat Islets. Diabetes 1993, 42: 843-850. PMID: 8388341, DOI: 10.2337/diab.42.6.843.
  • Comparative effects of monomethylsuccinate and glucose on insulin secretion from perifused rat isletsZawalich W, Zawalich K, Cline G, Shulman G, Rasmussen H. Comparative effects of monomethylsuccinate and glucose on insulin secretion from perifused rat islets. Diabetes 1993, 42: 843-850. DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.42.6.843.
  • Non-Invasive Measurements of the Cerebral Steady-State Glucose Concentration and Transport in Humans by 13C Nuclear Magnetic ResonanceGruetter R, Novotny E, Boulware S, Rothman D, Mason G, Shulman G, Tamborlane W, Shulman R. Non-Invasive Measurements of the Cerebral Steady-State Glucose Concentration and Transport in Humans by 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. 1993, 331: 35-40. PMID: 8333347, DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-2920-0_7.
  • Cerebral Lactate Turnover after Electroshock: In vivo Measurements by 1H/13C Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyPetroff O, Novotny E, Avison M, Rothman D, Alger J, Ogino T, Shulman G, Prichard J. Cerebral Lactate Turnover after Electroshock: In vivo Measurements by 1H/13C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Cerebrovascular And Brain Metabolism Reviews 1992, 12: 1022-1029. PMID: 1400641, DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.1992.139.
  • Validation of 13c nmr measurement of human skeletal muscle glycogen by direct biochemical assay of needle biopsy samplesTaylor R, Price T, Rothman D, Shulman R, Shulman G. Validation of 13c nmr measurement of human skeletal muscle glycogen by direct biochemical assay of needle biopsy samples. Magnetic Resonance In Medicine 1992, 27: 13-20. PMID: 1435198, DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1910270103.
  • Detection and assignment of the glucose signal in 1h nmr difference spectra of the human brainGruetter R, Rothman D, Novotny E, Shulman G, Prichard J, Shulman R. Detection and assignment of the glucose signal in 1h nmr difference spectra of the human brain. Magnetic Resonance In Medicine 1992, 27: 183-188. PMID: 1435204, DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1910270118.
  • Simultaneous Insulinlike Growth Factor I and Insulin Resistance in Obese Zucker RatsJacob R, Sherwin R, Greenawalt K, Shulman G. Simultaneous Insulinlike Growth Factor I and Insulin Resistance in Obese Zucker Rats. Diabetes 1992, 41: 691-697. PMID: 1587396, DOI: 10.2337/diab.41.6.691.
  • Simultaneous insulinlike growth factor I and insulin resistance in obese Zucker ratsJacob R, Sherwin R, Greenawalt K, Shulman G. Simultaneous insulinlike growth factor I and insulin resistance in obese Zucker rats. Diabetes 1992, 41: 691-697. DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.41.6.691.
  • Hypopituitarism associated with a hypothalamic CMV infection in a patient with AIDSSullivan W, Kelley G, O'Connor P, Dickey P, Kim J, Robbins R, Shulman G. Hypopituitarism associated with a hypothalamic CMV infection in a patient with AIDS. The American Journal Of Medicine 1992, 92: 221-223. PMID: 1311901, DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(92)90119-v.
  • Rates and pathways of liver glycogen synthesis after ingestion of a mixed meal in humansMagnusson I, Rothman D, Taylor R, Price T, Katz L, Shulman G. Rates and pathways of liver glycogen synthesis after ingestion of a mixed meal in humans. Clinical Nutrition 1992, 11: 27. DOI: 10.1016/0261-5614(92)90161-i.
  • N.m.r. studies of muscle glycogen synthesis in normal and non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjectsRothman D, Shulman R, Shulman G. N.m.r. studies of muscle glycogen synthesis in normal and non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. Biochemical Society Transactions 1991, 19: 992-994. PMID: 1794599, DOI: 10.1042/bst0190992.
  • Quantitation of Hepatic Glycogenolysis And Gluconeogenesis in Fasting Humans With 13C NMRRothman D, Magnusson I, Katz L, Shulman R, Shulman G. Quantitation of Hepatic Glycogenolysis And Gluconeogenesis in Fasting Humans With 13C NMR. Science 1991, 254: 573-576. PMID: 1948033, DOI: 10.1126/science.1948033.
  • The effect of CP 68,722, a thiozolidinedione derivative, on insulin sensitivity in lean and obese Zucker ratsBowen L, Stein P, Stevenson R, Shulman G. The effect of CP 68,722, a thiozolidinedione derivative, on insulin sensitivity in lean and obese Zucker rats. Metabolism 1991, 40: 1025-1030. PMID: 1943727, DOI: 10.1016/0026-0495(91)90124-f.
  • Effect of metformin treatment on insulin action in diabetic rats: In vivo and in vitro correlationsRossetti L, DeFronzo R, Gherzi R, Stein P, Andraghetti G, Falzetti G, Shulman G, Klein-Robbenhaar E, Cordera R. Effect of metformin treatment on insulin action in diabetic rats: In vivo and in vitro correlations. Metabolism 1990, 39: 425-435. PMID: 2157941, DOI: 10.1016/0026-0495(90)90259-f.
  • 2 CURRENT CONCEPTS IN LACTATE EXCHANGE.Brooks G, Slainsby W, Shulman G, Wasserman D, Stanley W, Roth D, Lehman S. 2 CURRENT CONCEPTS IN LACTATE EXCHANGE. Medicine & Science In Sports & Exercise 1990, 22: s1. DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199004000-00003.
  • Quantitation of Muscle Glycogen Synthesis in Normal Subjects and Subjects with Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes by 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyShulman G, Rothman D, Jue T, Stein P, DeFronzo R, Shulman R. Quantitation of Muscle Glycogen Synthesis in Normal Subjects and Subjects with Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes by 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. New England Journal Of Medicine 1990, 322: 223-228. PMID: 2403659, DOI: 10.1056/nejm199001253220403.
  • Quantification of Muscle Glycogen Synthesis in Normal Subjects and Subjects With Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes by13 C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.Shulman G, Rothman D, Jue T, Jette D. Quantification of Muscle Glycogen Synthesis in Normal Subjects and Subjects With Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes by13 C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal 1990, 1: 12-13. DOI: 10.1097/01823246-199001020-00010.
  • Physiological Role of Cholecystokinin in Meal-Induced Insulin Secretion in Conscious Rats: Studies With L 364718, A Specific Inhibitor of CCK-Receptor BindingRossetti L, Shulman G, Zawalich W. Physiological Role of Cholecystokinin in Meal-Induced Insulin Secretion in Conscious Rats: Studies With L 364718, A Specific Inhibitor of CCK-Receptor Binding. Diabetes 1987, 36: 1212-1215. PMID: 3308589, DOI: 10.2337/diab.36.10.1212.
  • Physiological role of cholecystokinin in meal-induced insulin secretion in conscious rats. Studies with L 364718, a specific inhibitor of CCK-receptor bindingRossetti L, Shulman G, Zawalich W. Physiological role of cholecystokinin in meal-induced insulin secretion in conscious rats. Studies with L 364718, a specific inhibitor of CCK-receptor binding. Diabetes 1987, 36: 1212-1215. DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.36.10.1212.
  • Plasma level of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2 in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis and in normal fasting subjectsAxelrod L, Shulman G, Blackshear P, Bornstein W, Roussell A, Aoki T. Plasma level of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2 in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis and in normal fasting subjects. Diabetes 1986, 35: 1004-1010. DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.35.9.1004.
  • Metabolic response to three years of continuous, basal rate intravenous insulin infusion in type II diabetic patients.BLACKSHEAR P, SHULMAN G, ROUSSELL A, NATHAN D, MINAKER K, ROWE J, ROBBINS D, COHEN A. Metabolic response to three years of continuous, basal rate intravenous insulin infusion in type II diabetic patients. The Journal Of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 1985, 61: 753-60. PMID: 3897260, DOI: 10.1210/jcem-61-4-753.
  • A pulse sequence for simplifying hydrogen NMR spectra of biological tissuesRothman D, Arias-Mendoza F, Shulman G, Shulman R. A pulse sequence for simplifying hydrogen NMR spectra of biological tissues. Journal Of Magnetic Resonance (1969) 1984, 60: 430-436. DOI: 10.1016/0022-2364(84)90054-4.
  • Implantable Insulin Infusion DevicesBlackshear P, Nathan D, Cohen A, Hurxthal K, Shulman G. Implantable Insulin Infusion Devices. JAMA 1982, 248: 2111-2111. PMID: 7120635, DOI: 10.1001/jama.1982.03330170019006.
  • Differential time course of glucagon's effect on glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the conscious dogCherrington A, Williams P, Shulman G, Lacy W. Differential time course of glucagon's effect on glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the conscious dog. Diabetes 1981, 30: 180-187. DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.30.3.180.
  • Effect of hyperglycemia independent of changes in insulin or glucagon on lipolysis in the conscious dogShulman G, Williams P, Liljenquist J, Lacy W, Keller U, Cherrington A. Effect of hyperglycemia independent of changes in insulin or glucagon on lipolysis in the conscious dog. Metabolism 1980, 29: 317-320. PMID: 6103495, DOI: 10.1016/0026-0495(80)90004-9.
  • Glucose Disposal during Insulinopenia in Somatostatin-Treated DogsShulman G, Liljenquist J, Williams P, Lacy W, Cherrington A. Glucose Disposal during Insulinopenia in Somatostatin-Treated Dogs. Journal Of Clinical Investigation 1978, 62: 487-491. PMID: 670404, PMCID: PMC371787, DOI: 10.1172/jci109150.

Clinical Trials

ConditionsStudy Title
Children's Health; Diseases of the Endocrine System; Immune SystemStudy to investigate adipocyte cell and lipid turnover in obese adolescents
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