Skip to Main Content
DownloadHi-Res Photo

Grace S Lee, MD, FACS

Assistant Professor of Surgery ( Endocrine)

Contact Information

Grace S Lee, MD, FACS

Related Links

Yale Medicine

Patient Care

Are you a patient?Please visit the Yale Medicine website for information about the services we offer and making an appointment.View Doctor Profile

Research Summary

Dr. Lee’s clinical interests include innovative techniques in endocrine surgery, image-guided surgery, and radiofrequency ablation of thyroid nodules. Her current research interests are utilization of surgeon-performed ultrasound, parathyroid imaging modalities, intraoperative parathyroid localization techniques, thyroid and parathyroid surgery outcome, quality improvement, among other topics.

Research Interests

Diagnostic Imaging; Graves Disease; Parathyroid Diseases; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary

Selected Publications

  • Impact of surgery versus medical management on cardiovascular manifestations in Graves disease.Elnahla A, Attia AS, Khadra HS, Munshi R, Shalaby H, Lee GS, Kandil E. Impact of surgery versus medical management on cardiovascular manifestations in Graves disease. Surgery 2021, 169: 82-86. PMID: 32402541, DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2020.03.023.
  • Prevalence and Risk of Metastatic Thyroid Cancers and Management Outcomes: A National Perspective.Al-Qurayshi Z, Sullivan CB, Pagedar N, Lee GS, Tufano R, Kandil E. Prevalence and Risk of Metastatic Thyroid Cancers and Management Outcomes: A National Perspective. The Laryngoscope 2021, 131: 237-244. PMID: 32574405, DOI: 10.1002/lary.28722.
  • Impact of psychiatric comorbidities on outcomes related to thyroid and parathyroid operations.Attia AS, Elnahla A, Hussein MH, Khadra HS, Lee GS, Toraih E, Kandil E. Impact of psychiatric comorbidities on outcomes related to thyroid and parathyroid operations. Surgery 2021, 169: 209-219. PMID: 32762873, DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2020.05.041.
  • Robotic and Laparoscopic Approaches for Adrenal Surgery in Obese Patients.Shalaby H, Abdelgawad M, Omar Md M, Zora Md G, Alawwad S, Alameer E, Youssef M, Attia AS, Buell J, Grace L, Kandil E. Robotic and Laparoscopic Approaches for Adrenal Surgery in Obese Patients. The American Surgeon 2021, 87: 588-594. PMID: 33131284, DOI: 10.1177/0003134820951498.
  • Ultrasound Elastography Predicts Thyroid Nodule Volume Reduction Rate After Percutaneous Ethanol Ablation.Abdelgawad M, Shalaby H, Akkera M, Rashad Y, Grace L, Ibraheem K, Kandil E. Ultrasound Elastography Predicts Thyroid Nodule Volume Reduction Rate After Percutaneous Ethanol Ablation. The American Surgeon 2021, 87: 581-587. PMID: 33131289, DOI: 10.1177/0003134820951491.
  • Presentation and outcomes of patients with undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma: a national perspective.Al-Qurayshi Z, Sullivan CB, Khadra H, Shama M, Lee GS, Kandil E. Presentation and outcomes of patients with undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma: a national perspective. Gland Surgery 2021, 10: 1971-1979. PMID: 34268081, PMCID: PMC8258884, DOI: 10.21037/gs-20-927.
  • Thyroid cancer histological subtypes based on tumor size: National perspective.Al-Qurayshi Z, Foggia MJ, Pagedar N, Lee GS, Tufano R, Kandil E. Thyroid cancer histological subtypes based on tumor size: National perspective. Head & Neck 2020, 42: 2257-2266. PMID: 32275122, DOI: 10.1002/hed.26159.
  • Nuclear morphometry in indeterminate thyroid nodules.Razavi MA, Wong J, Akkera M, Shalaby M, Shalaby H, Sholl A, Haddad A, Behl P, Kandil E, Lee GS. Nuclear morphometry in indeterminate thyroid nodules. Gland Surgery 2020, 9: 238-244. PMID: 32420247, PMCID: PMC7225500, DOI: 10.21037/gs.2020.02.02.
  • Impact of Surgeon-Performed Ultrasound on Treatment of Thyroid Cancer Patients.Shalaby M, Hadedeya D, Lee GS, Toraih E, Kandil E. Impact of Surgeon-Performed Ultrasound on Treatment of Thyroid Cancer Patients. The American Surgeon 2020, 86: 1148-1152. PMID: 32853031, DOI: 10.1177/0003134820945229.
  • METASTATIC THYROID CANCER IN A MAN WITH TUMOR-FREE THYROID.Souza SS, Alameer ES, Kandil E, Lee GS. METASTATIC THYROID CANCER IN A MAN WITH TUMOR-FREE THYROID. AACE Clinical Case Reports 2020, 6: e225-e229. PMID: 32984526, PMCID: PMC7511103, DOI: 10.4158/ACCR-2019-0464.
  • A Single Surgeon's 10-Year Experience in Remote-Access Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery.Kandil E, Akkera M, Shalaby H, Munshi R, Attia A, Elnahla A, Shalaby M, Abdelgawad M, Grace L, Kang SW. A Single Surgeon's 10-Year Experience in Remote-Access Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery. The American Surgeon 2020, 3134820950300. PMID: 33142070, DOI: 10.1177/0003134820950300.
  • Innovations in Modern Endocrine SurgeryAlameer ES, Lee GS, Kandil E. Ch: Robotic Transaxillary Thyroidectomy. eds. D.J. Terris and M.C. Singer. pp. 245-256
  • Robotic single-site adrenalectomy.Lee GS, Arghami A, Dy BM, McKenzie TJ, Thompson GB, Richards ML. Robotic single-site adrenalectomy. Surgical Endoscopy 2016, 30: 3351-6. PMID: 26487220, DOI: 10.1007/s00464-015-4611-1.
  • A Multimodal Imaging Protocol, (123)I/(99)Tc-Sestamibi, SPECT, and SPECT/CT, in Primary Hyperparathyroidism Adds Limited Benefit for Preoperative Localization.Lee GS, McKenzie TJ, Mullan BP, Farley DR, Thompson GB, Richards ML. A Multimodal Imaging Protocol, (123)I/(99)Tc-Sestamibi, SPECT, and SPECT/CT, in Primary Hyperparathyroidism Adds Limited Benefit for Preoperative Localization. World Journal Of Surgery 2016, 40: 589-94. PMID: 26732668, DOI: 10.1007/s00268-015-3389-6.
  • J. Aidan CarneyDy BM, Lee GS, Richards ML. Ch 37: J. Aidan Carney In Surgical Endocrinopathies: Clinical Management and the Founding Figures. eds. J.L. Pasieka and J.A. Lee, Springer International
  • Migration of CD11b+ accessory cells during murine lung regeneration.Chamoto K, Gibney BC, Lee GS, Ackermann M, Konerding MA, Tsuda A, Mentzer SJ. Migration of CD11b+ accessory cells during murine lung regeneration. Stem Cell Research 2013, 10: 267-77. PMID: 23376466, PMCID: PMC3622126, DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2012.12.006.
  • Alveolar epithelial dynamics in postpneumonectomy lung growth.Chamoto K, Gibney BC, Ackermann M, Lee GS, Konerding MA, Tsuda A, Mentzer SJ. Alveolar epithelial dynamics in postpneumonectomy lung growth. Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) 2013, 296: 495-503. PMID: 23408540, PMCID: PMC3576046, DOI: 10.1002/ar.22659.
  • Cross-circulation and cell distribution kinetics in parabiotic mice.Gibney BC, Chamoto K, Lee GS, Simpson DC, Miele LF, Tsuda A, Konerding MA, Wagers A, Mentzer SJ. Cross-circulation and cell distribution kinetics in parabiotic mice. Journal Of Cellular Physiology 2012, 227: 821-8. PMID: 21503883, PMCID: PMC3160515, DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22796.
  • CD34+ progenitor to endothelial cell transition in post-pneumonectomy angiogenesis.Chamoto K, Gibney BC, Lee GS, Lin M, Collings-Simpson D, Voswinckel R, Konerding MA, Tsuda A, Mentzer SJ. CD34+ progenitor to endothelial cell transition in post-pneumonectomy angiogenesis. American Journal Of Respiratory Cell And Molecular Biology 2012, 46: 283-9. PMID: 21921238, PMCID: PMC3326434, DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0249OC.
  • Spatial dependence of alveolar angiogenesis in post-pneumonectomy lung growth.Konerding MA, Gibney BC, Houdek JP, Chamoto K, Ackermann M, Lee GS, Lin M, Tsuda A, Mentzer SJ. Spatial dependence of alveolar angiogenesis in post-pneumonectomy lung growth. Angiogenesis 2012, 15: 23-32. PMID: 21969134, PMCID: PMC3268013, DOI: 10.1007/s10456-011-9236-y.
  • Alveolar macrophage dynamics in murine lung regeneration.Chamoto K, Gibney BC, Ackermann M, Lee GS, Lin M, Konerding MA, Tsuda A, Mentzer SJ. Alveolar macrophage dynamics in murine lung regeneration. Journal Of Cellular Physiology 2012, 227: 3208-15. PMID: 22105735, PMCID: PMC4438671, DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24009.
  • Mechanostructural adaptations preceding postpneumonectomy lung growth.Gibney BC, Houdek JP, Chamoto K, Lee GS, Ackermann M, Lin M, Collings-Simpson D, Konerding MA, Tsuda A, Mentzer SJ. Mechanostructural adaptations preceding postpneumonectomy lung growth. Experimental Lung Research 2012, 38: 396-405. PMID: 22905715, PMCID: PMC4020359, DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2012.715364.
  • Intravascular pillars and pruning in the extraembryonic vessels of chick embryos.Lee GS, Filipovic N, Lin M, Gibney BC, Simpson DC, Konerding MA, Tsuda A, Mentzer SJ. Intravascular pillars and pruning in the extraembryonic vessels of chick embryos. Developmental Dynamics : An Official Publication Of The American Association Of Anatomists 2011, 240: 1335-43. PMID: 21448976, PMCID: PMC3092841, DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22618.
  • Dynamic determination of oxygenation and lung compliance in murine pneumonectomy.Gibney BC, Lee GS, Houdek JP, Lin M, Miele LF, Chamoto K, Konerding MA, Tsuda A, Mentzer SJ. Dynamic determination of oxygenation and lung compliance in murine pneumonectomy. Experimental Lung Research 2011, 37: 301-9. PMID: 21574875, PMCID: PMC3324589, DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2011.561399.
  • Angiogenesis gene expression in murine endothelial cells during post-pneumonectomy lung growth.Lin M, Chamoto K, Gibney BC, Lee GS, Collings-Simpson D, Houdek J, Konerding MA, Tsuda A, Mentzer SJ. Angiogenesis gene expression in murine endothelial cells during post-pneumonectomy lung growth. Respiratory Research 2011, 12: 98. PMID: 21794125, PMCID: PMC3199770, DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-12-98.
  • Blood flow shapes intravascular pillar geometry in the chick chorioallantoic membrane.Lee GS, Filipovic N, Miele LF, Lin M, Simpson DC, Giney B, Konerding MA, Tsuda A, Mentzer SJ. Blood flow shapes intravascular pillar geometry in the chick chorioallantoic membrane. Journal Of Angiogenesis Research 2010, 2: 11. PMID: 20609245, PMCID: PMC2911408, DOI: 10.1186/2040-2384-2-11.
  • Spatial calibration of structured illumination fluorescence microscopy using capillary tissue phantoms.Lee GS, Miele LF, Turhan A, Lin M, Hanidziar D, Konerding MA, Mentzer SJ. Spatial calibration of structured illumination fluorescence microscopy using capillary tissue phantoms. Microscopy Research And Technique 2009, 72: 85-92. PMID: 18937249, PMCID: PMC2628970, DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20647.
  • Vascular microarchitecture of murine colitis-associated lymphoid angiogenesis.Turhan A, Lin M, Lee GS, Miele LF, Tsuda A, Konerding MA, Mentzer SJ. Vascular microarchitecture of murine colitis-associated lymphoid angiogenesis. Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) 2009, 292: 621-32. PMID: 19382226, PMCID: PMC2861777, DOI: 10.1002/ar.20902.
  • Blood flow patterns spatially associated with platelet aggregates in murine colitis.Miele LF, Turhan A, Lee GS, Lin M, Ravnic D, Tsuda A, Konerding MA, Mentzer SJ. Blood flow patterns spatially associated with platelet aggregates in murine colitis. Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) 2009, 292: 1143-53. PMID: 19645018, PMCID: PMC2867238, DOI: 10.1002/ar.20954.
  • Computational flow dynamics in a geometric model of intussusceptive angiogenesis.Filipovic N, Tsuda A, Lee GS, Miele LF, Lin M, Konerding MA, Mentzer SJ. Computational flow dynamics in a geometric model of intussusceptive angiogenesis. Microvascular Research 2009, 78: 286-93. PMID: 19715707, PMCID: PMC2785026, DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2009.08.004.
  • Effect of intraluminal pillars on particle motion in bifurcated microchannels.Turhan A, Tsuda A, Konerding MA, Lin M, Miele L, Lee G, Mentzer SJ. Effect of intraluminal pillars on particle motion in bifurcated microchannels. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology. Animal 2008, 44: 426-33. PMID: 18807100, PMCID: PMC3319927, DOI: 10.1007/s11626-008-9134-9.
  • Prophylactic external beam radiation therapy for keloid prevention in thyroid surgery patients.Hadedeya D, Shalaby M, Akkera M, Lee G, Harris K, Kholmatov R, Anwar M, Murad F, Alawaad S, Kandil E. Prophylactic external beam radiation therapy for keloid prevention in thyroid surgery patients. Gland Surgery 2021, 10: 65-72. PMID: 33633963, PMCID: PMC7882325, DOI: 10.21037/gs-20-511.
  • Evaluation of YouTube videos as a patient education source for novel surgical techniques in thyroid surgery.Starks C, Akkera M, Shalaby M, Munshi R, Toraih E, Lee GS, Kandil E, Shama MA. Evaluation of YouTube videos as a patient education source for novel surgical techniques in thyroid surgery. Gland Surgery 2021, 10: 697-705. PMID: 33708552, PMCID: PMC7944056, DOI: 10.21037/gs-20-734.
  • Predictive factors of radioiodine therapy failure in Graves' Disease: A meta-analysis.Shalaby M, Hadedeya D, Toraih EA, Razavi MA, Lee GS, Hussein MH, Weidenhaft MC, Serou MJ, Ibraheem K, Abdelgawad M, Kandil E. Predictive factors of radioiodine therapy failure in Graves' Disease: A meta-analysis. American Journal Of Surgery 2022, 223: 287-296. PMID: 33865565, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2021.03.068.
  • Investigation of the Readability and Reliability of Online Health Information for Cancer Patients During the Coronavirus Pandemic.Schluter C, Fefer M, Lee G, Alty IG, Dee EC. Investigation of the Readability and Reliability of Online Health Information for Cancer Patients During the Coronavirus Pandemic. Journal Of Cancer Education : The Official Journal Of The American Association For Cancer Education 2022 PMID: 35469115, PMCID: PMC9038169, DOI: 10.1007/s13187-022-02140-4.
Edit Profile