Breast Imaging
Specialized physicians comprise the Yale Breast Imaging Division, devoted to state-of-the-art breast imaging and diagnosis. As a comprehensive breast center, radiologist physicians and staff are each highly specialized which allows us to offer the best care possible. Our team works closely with breast surgeons, oncologists and pathologists, providing multi-disciplinary care.
Clinical Interests
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The Yale Breast Imaging physicians are experts in screening and diagnostic mammography, ultrasound, 3T MRI and interventional procedures such as pre-operative needle localization plus stereotactic, US, and MR core biopsy.
The Yale Breast Imaging home base is located at Smilow Cancer Hospital and the Yale School of Medicine, but there are also eight additional offices located in New Haven and Fairfield counties. Each office provides state-of-the-art equipment and radiologist physicians focused on breast imaging. As a high volume division, we care for women throughout Connecticut. By serving also as a referral center for complicated cases, many women who seek specialized care after a new cancer diagnosis seek our expertise.
Section's Statistics (per year)
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| Total | Type |
|---|---|
| 95,000 | Total studies |
| 60,000 | Screening Mammograms |
| 11,000 | Diagnostic Exams |
| 30,000 | Breast Ultrasounds |
| 3,000 | Procedures |
| 1,800 | MRI |
Research Directions
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- Breast cancer screening, including high risk screening and screening breast ultrasound
- Digital breast tomosynthesis
- Breast ultrasound
- Breast MR
- Artificial Intelligence
- Breast biopsy improvements
- Best practices to optimize patient care
The Yale Breast Imaging physicians are nationally and internationally recognized radiology leaders in breast imaging, who publish regularly in high impact, prestigious peer-reviewed medical journals, while also lecturing at radiology meetings worldwide.
Education
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The Breast Imaging Division is an integral part of the Yale New Haven Breast Center at Yale New Haven Hospital. In addition to teaching Yale Medical students and Diagnostic Radiology residents, our Division hosts two Breast Imaging fellowships each year. For more information regarding the Yale Breast Imaging Fellowship, click here.
Community and Global Outreach
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Members of our Breast Imaging Division regularly participate in community outreach, to inform women throughout Connecticut via talks and gatherings at local libraries, schools, women’s clubs and other venues.
The Division also actively participates in Rad-Aid, whose mission is to help improve breast cancer outcomes and survival in low and middle-income countries. Recently, Yale Breast Imaging conducted assessments of breast imaging needs at the two main teaching hospitals in Ghana, and is exploring opportunities for virtual learning/teaching during the pandemic.
Leadership
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Eastern Division Section Chief
- Office
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- Clinic Fax
Western Division Section Chief
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- Clinic Fax
Publications
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2026
USPSTF Recommendations and Sociodemographic Factors Impact Mammography Use.
Butler R. USPSTF Recommendations and Sociodemographic Factors Impact Mammography Use. American Journal Of Roentgenology 2026 PMID: 42308096, DOI: 10.2214/ajr.26.35395.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAltmetricUser-Friendly Summary of BI-RADS v2025: What Practicing Radiologists Want to Know.
Philpotts L. User-Friendly Summary of BI-RADS v2025: What Practicing Radiologists Want to Know. American Journal Of Roentgenology 2026 PMID: 42308100, DOI: 10.2214/ajr.26.35404.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchUsing artificial intelligence (AI) as a decision support tool in clinic.
Jahanzeb M, Haines K, Shonkwiler E, Kiyani M, Beg S, Benson A, Butler R, Curran W, Drakaki A, Gradishar W, King T, Lieu C, Liu S, Mahtani R, Nabhan C, Nooka A, Rini B, Rugo H, Shah C, Thirman M. Using artificial intelligence (AI) as a decision support tool in clinic. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2026, 44: e13647-e13647. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2026.44.16_suppl.e13647.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMultidisciplinary review panelCancer casesClinical decision support toolMultidisciplinary reviewMaximum achievable scoreClinically meaningful changeDecision support toolComplex cancer casesGenitourinary (GU) cancersMultidisciplinary careGastrointestinal (GI)Competence scoresCancer typesMeaningful changeSupport toolHuman expert reviewExpert recommendationsPanel recommendationsExpert reviewAI modelsAggregate scoreArtificial intelligenceCancer DatabaseDiscordant casesScoresTraining AI to Improve Distinction of Triple-Negative Invasive Breast Cancer from Cysts and Fibroadenomas on Ultrasound
Berg W, Bandos A, Larsen L, Heller S, Hooley R, Ha R, Siddique M, Berg J, Cao Y, McClennan R, Jairaj A. Training AI to Improve Distinction of Triple-Negative Invasive Breast Cancer from Cysts and Fibroadenomas on Ultrasound. Diagnostics 2026, 16: 1354. PMID: 42122057, PMCID: PMC13163247, DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics16091354.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInvasive breast cancerBI-RADSArtificial intelligenceInstitutional review board-approved HIPAA-compliant protocolBreast cancerTriple-negative invasive breast cancerHIPAA-compliant protocolTriage managementOne-year follow-upMass 2 cmMalignancy risk predictionBreast imaging radiologistsAI performanceTrain AIPatient ageComplicated cystsHypoechoic massFollow-upAcademic medical centerBenign massesLesion classesROC analysisImaging radiologistsBreast ultrasoundMedical CenterMixed Solid and Cystic Masses of the Breast: A Multimodality Imaging Review
Merriam C, Kaur M, Andrijauskis D, Borse R, Andrejeva L. Mixed Solid and Cystic Masses of the Breast: A Multimodality Imaging Review. Roentgen Ray Review 2026, 2 DOI: 10.2214/r3j.24.01043.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAltmetricBreast US: State of the Art.
Chang J, Leung J, Heacock L, Lee S, Moon W, Hooley R. Breast US: State of the Art. Radiology 2026, 318: e233101. PMID: 41528223, DOI: 10.1148/radiol.233101.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsCitationsAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsBreast USPercutaneous biopsyLymph nodesBreast massesBreast cancer risk assessmentPalpable breast massesAxillary lymph nodesBiopsy of breast massesPrimary imaging modalityContrast-enhanced USWhole-breast USArtificial intelligenceClinical breast examinationBreast imaging toolUS technologyCancer risk assessmentBackground echotexturePreoperative stagingUS examinationDense breastsBreast cancerDiagnostic accuracyBreast examinationScreening mammographyAccurate diagnosis
2025
Echogenic Rind Improves Prediction of Malignancy and Tumor Size.
Butler R. Echogenic Rind Improves Prediction of Malignancy and Tumor Size. American Journal Of Roentgenology 2025, 225: e2533927. PMID: 40990585, DOI: 10.2214/ajr.25.33927.Commentaries, Editorials and LettersThe Real and Reliable Finding of Nonmass Lesions at Breast US.
Hooley R. The Real and Reliable Finding of Nonmass Lesions at Breast US. Radiology 2025, 317: e253599. PMID: 41363977, DOI: 10.1148/radiol.253599.Commentaries, Editorials and LettersAltmetricThe Quest for Mammography's Crystal Ball: Predicting Risk of Interval Cancers at Screening.
Philpotts L. The Quest for Mammography's Crystal Ball: Predicting Risk of Interval Cancers at Screening. Radiology 2025, 317: e252826. PMID: 41147904, DOI: 10.1148/radiol.252826.Commentaries, Editorials and LettersAltmetricImaging Overview of Cosmetic Procedures and Their Complications
Dixe de Oliveira Santo I, Solomon N, Sorkun M, Calle F, Luchs J, Andrejeva L, Lubner M, Pickhardt P, Mellnick V, Katz D, Revzin M. Imaging Overview of Cosmetic Procedures and Their Complications. Roentgen Ray Review 2025, 1 DOI: 10.2214/r3j.24.01059.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAltmetricEvaluating Whether Standalone AI Really Stands Up.
Philpotts L. Evaluating Whether Standalone AI Really Stands Up. Radiology 2025, 315: e250364. PMID: 40197094, DOI: 10.1148/radiol.250364.Commentaries, Editorials and LettersAltmetricEditorial Comment: Nonmass Lesions on Breast Ultrasound-Emerging Characteristics and Challenges.
Philpotts L. Editorial Comment: Nonmass Lesions on Breast Ultrasound-Emerging Characteristics and Challenges. American Journal Of Roentgenology 2025, 224: e2432572. PMID: 39772588, DOI: 10.2214/ajr.24.32572.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2024
Complex Cystic and Solid Masses
Harigopal M, Cole K, Podany P, Verma A, Andrejeva L. Complex Cystic and Solid Masses. 2024, 57-95. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-65711-5_3.ChaptersConceptsCystic lesionsSolid massAspiration of cystsBenign papillary tumorsPapillary apocrine metaplasiaCore needle biopsyComplex cystic lesionsMalignant cystic lesionsPresence of calcificationLeakage of cyst contentsFindingsThe vast majorityPapillary tumorsApocrine carcinomaPapillary carcinomaDuctal carcinomaNipple dischargeCystic componentNeedle biopsyApocrine metaplasiaDuct ectasiaBenign lesionsReactive lesionsComplicated cystsPerimenopausal womenFat necrosisDiscordances Between Radiology and Pathology
Harigopal M, Verma A, Andrejeva L, Lewin J. Discordances Between Radiology and Pathology. 2024, 375-391. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-65711-5_14.ChaptersConceptsPathological findingsImaging characteristicsMRI-guided biopsyFalse-negative diagnosesRadiology-pathology correlationH&E levelsPreoperative biopsyStereotactic biopsySurgical excisionPercutaneous biopsyDiscordant casesSonographic guidanceBreast biopsyAncillary stainsHistopathological findingsBiopsyMammographic lesionsLesionsIndividual pathologistsPathologistsPotential causesUltrasoundWeekly conferencesImage featuresDiscordanceRare Breast Tumors
Harigopal M, Podany P, Andrejeva L, Singh K. Rare Breast Tumors. 2024, 343-374. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-65711-5_13.ChaptersCitationsConceptsSubtypes of breast cancerBreast cancerRare subtypeWorld Health OrganizationRare subtype of breast cancerHistological subtype of breast cancerWorld Health Organization Classification of TumorsCore needle biopsy specimensWorld Health Organization classificationTall cell carcinomaNeedle biopsy specimensRare histologic typeClassification of tumorsRare cancer typesRare tumorHistological subtypesHistological typeCell carcinomaUnusual subtypeBiopsy specimensPrognostic implicationsGenetic alterationsHistological featuresHistologic cluesAncillary testsCircumscribed Masses
Harigopal M, Raghu M, Pham R, Rende A, Podany P, Andrejeva L. Circumscribed Masses. 2024, 11-55. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-65711-5_2.ChaptersConceptsTerminal duct lobular unitsEncapsulated papillary carcinomaInvasive ductal carcinomaCircumscribed massFibroepithelial neoplasmsStromal componentsScreening mammographyPhyllodes tumorFibroepithelial lesionsPapillary carcinomaDuctal carcinomaInvasive carcinomaComplicated cystsCellular fibroadenomaHigh-grade invasive ductal carcinomaBI-RADSDuctal carcinoma in situOuter layer of myoepithelial cellsAggressive breast malignancyBasal-like carcinomasBenign fibroepithelial lesionsBenign fibroepithelial neoplasmBorderline phyllodes tumorMalignant phyllodes tumorSmooth muscle metaplasiaSpiculated Masses
Harigopal M, Andrejeva L, Lanjewar S, Podany P. Spiculated Masses. 2024, 127-158. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-65711-5_5.ChaptersConceptsInvasive ductal carcinomaInvasive lobular carcinomaDuctal carcinoma in situLobular carcinomaDuctal carcinomaSpiculated massesTumor cellsBenign entitySclerosing adenosisCorrelation of imaging findingsDesmoplastic stromal responseDiscohesive tumor cellsCore needle biopsyPseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasiaCarcinoma in situInvasive mammary carcinomaFalse-negative mammogramsGranular cell tumorInvasive tumor cellsDiabetic mastopathyMucinous carcinomaStromal hyperplasiaInvasive cancerPleomorphic calcificationsDesmoplastic stromaIntroduction and General Consideration of Radiology-Pathology Correlation
Harigopal M, Andrejeva L, Podany P, Lewin J, Raghu M, Singh K. Introduction and General Consideration of Radiology-Pathology Correlation. 2024, 1-9. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-65711-5_1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFull-field digital mammographyInterval cancer rateIncreased cancer detection ratesCancer detection rateScreen-film mammographyCancer ratesBreast pathologistsYears of experiencePatient careNational expertsMultidisciplinary meetingComplex exerciseCore needle biopsyDiagnosis of breast lesionsDigital mammographyMammographyField of radiologyRadiology-pathology correlationTissue samplesRadiology reportsBreastAccurate diagnosis of breast lesionsCharacterization of lesionsBreast tissue samplesBreast imagingArchitectural Distortions
Butler R, Durand M, Lanjevar S, Podany P, Andrejeva L, Harigopal M. Architectural Distortions. 2024, 185-207. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-65711-5_7.ChaptersConceptsInvasive lobular carcinomaLikelihood of malignancyRadial sclerosing lesionsLobular carcinomaSclerosing lesionsTubular carcinomaArchitectural distortionBenign entityDegree of proliferative changeRadial scar/complex sclerosing lesionDuctal carcinoma in situCarcinoma in situInvasive ductal carcinomaChance of malignancyIncidental microscopic findingAbsence of enhancementPost-contrast imagesMyoepithelial cell layerEntrapped glandsField digital mammographyDiscohesive cellsSonographic correlateDuctal carcinomaInvasive carcinomaPalpable massMasses with Indistinct Margins
Singh K, Lee J, Harigopal M, Andrejeva L. Masses with Indistinct Margins. 2024, 97-125. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-65711-5_4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSkin Thickening and Vascular Lesions
Andrejeva L, Lanjewar S, Woolf G, Killelea B, Brownson K, Podany P, Harigopal M. Skin Thickening and Vascular Lesions. 2024, 297-323. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-65711-5_11.ChaptersConceptsRare group of neoplasmsInflammatory breast carcinomaInvasive lobular carcinomaMalignant vascular tumorsGroup of neoplasmsIll-defined marginsLobular carcinomaBreast carcinomaBenign tumorsClinical presentationBenign lesionsVascular tumorsBreast parenchymaClinical historyWell-circumscribedSkin thickeningMalignant processVascular lesionsRare groupImaging appearanceSubcutaneous tissueContrast enhancementBreastCarcinomaTumorCalcifications
Singh K, Sheiman L, Killelea B, Brownson K, Andrejeva L. Calcifications. 2024, 209-233. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-65711-5_8.ChaptersConceptsPost-biopsy mammogramGroups of calcificationsDistribution of calcificationHistological sectionsBreast tissueTarget calcificationMagnification viewsBreast imagingNeoplastic epithelial proliferationCore needle biopsyStereotactic core biopsyTissue levelsRad-path correlationH&E-stained sectionsMilk of calciumAssociation of calcificationMammographic guidanceAmount of calcificationBiopsy planningCore biopsyNeedle biopsyDiagnostic dilemmaBiopsy siteDilated ductsEpithelial proliferationMRI Breast Findings
Narasimhamurthy M, O’Brien S, Andrejeva L, Nayak A. MRI Breast Findings. 2024, 235-267. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-65711-5_9.ChaptersConceptsMagnetic resonance imagingNon-mass enhancementBreast lesionsBreast magnetic resonance imagingPracticing pathologistsMagnetic resonance imaging findingsRadiologic-pathologic correlationBreast core biopsiesMalignant breast lesionsDiagnosing breast lesionsCore biopsyMRI findingsBreast biopsyImaging examinationsFalse-positive rateBiopsyResonance imagingLesionsBreastImaging techniquesPathologistsImage patternsLesions of Nipple and Axilla
Andrejeva L, Venkateswaran J, Vidhun R, Killelea B, Brownson K, Singh K. Lesions of Nipple and Axilla. 2024, 269-295. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-65711-5_10.ChaptersConceptsSquamous metaplasia of lactiferous ductsMammary duct ectasiaIntraductal papillomaSubareolar tissueDuct ectasiaMalignant lesionsNipple adenomaSubareolar ductsCase of incomplete excisionPaget's diseaseMammographically occult malignanciesBenign epithelial lesionsIntraductal epithelial proliferationRisk of recurrenceTreatment of choicePeriareolar regionOccult malignancyNegative marginsIncomplete excisionSurgical excisionSyringomatous adenomaBreast carcinomaInvasive carcinomaNegative mammogramEpithelial lesionsFocal and Developing Asymmetries
Tamayo S, Andrejeva L, Singh K. Focal and Developing Asymmetries. 2024, 159-184. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-65711-5_6.ChaptersConceptsFocal asymmetryBreast cancerBreast tissueBenign breast tissueFibroglandular tissue densityLikelihood of malignancyComparison mammogramsFibroadenomatoid changeMalignant causesBaseline mammogramMammographic findingsBenign causesSonographic abnormalitiesNon-palpableFat necrosisImaging findingsScreening mammographyArchitectural distortionPosttreatment changesMammographic viewsBreastMalignancyTissue densityCancerMammograms
Contact Us
Smilow Cancer Hospital, 35 Park Street New Haven, CT 06520-8042