Ultrasound
The Ultrasound (US) section at Yale offers a complete range of US studies using state of the art equipment. The section is composed of world class faculty who provide sub-specialty US expertise in both vascular and non-vascular pathology that encompass a full range of diseases in adults. We are closely allied with our clinical colleagues through our collaboration in tumor boards and research projects, and we routinely provide same-day add-on services, such as fine needle aspiration for thyroid nodules and intra-operative assistance, to our referring providers. Our facilities at both the Smilow Cancer Center and our outpatient sites provide an unparalleled experience for all our patients
Clinical Information
The US section performs diagnostic ultrasound imaging of the abdomen, pelvis (gynecologic and first trimester pregnancy), and extremities. In addition, the section performs all vascular imaging including transcranial Doppler Imaging, evaluation of neck (carotid), abdomen, and pelvic vasculature, pre and post-op evaluation of peripheral vascular disease including stents and bypass grafts, renal artery stenosis, and hemodialysis access grafts. Specialized examinations including renal, pancreas, and liver transplant, elastography, transrectal US, musculoskeletal US, endocrine US (thyroid and parathyroid), scrotal US, and contrast enhanced US are also performed.
The section also performs non-invasive vascular screening studies including ABIs, PVRs and measurement of IMT (fibrointimal thickness) in the carotid arteries (a screen for asymptomatic cardiovascular disease). Yale US is accredited in vascular ultrasound by the ACR/AIUM.
Research Directions
- GYN and first trimester US
- Dialysis graft US
- Carotid US
- IV US contrast
- Transplant complications imaged with US
- Prediction of thyroid cancer and location of Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty (PTA)'s by US imaging
- Correlation of vascular US with Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA), Computer assisted tomography (CTA) and cardiac echo
- Cranial ultrasound
- Vascular ultrasound
- Radiofrequency ablation and chemoembolization of liver tumors
- Venous access in oncology and hemodialysis patients
- Therapeutic ultrasound
- HIFU
- HIDU
- Histotripsy
Education
The faculty in the US section are dedicated educators provide teaching services to medical students, sonography students, residents, fellows, and technologists. Resident education takes place on a daily basis through interactive readout sessions and there is a dedicated resident conference with a curriculum which cycles every 1.5 years.
The faculty also participate in the weekly Body Division Club conference where they lend their expertise to interesting cases shown by the fellows. The US section faculty also provides a separate fellowship lecture series which is given on Wednesdays and is divided amongst the faculty in the Body Division.
Medical students and physicians from other services (vascular surgery) routinely rotate through our various services and we regularly provide our expertise to help educate our technologist and sonography students.
Publications
2025
- Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchRetroperitoneal fibrosisSecondary causesEvaluation of retroperitoneal fibrosisAssociated with autoimmune diseasesNonspecific clinical presentationIgG4 related diseasePotential diagnostic pitfallsDiffusion weighted imagingMagnetic resonance imagingAdvanced imaging techniquesPET/CT imagingClinical presentationMultimodality imaging reviewVenous stenosisClinical featuresDiagnostic pitfallsFibroinflammatory diseaseImaging findingsAutoimmune diseasesImaging reviewInflammatory disordersIdiopathic diseaseTreatment approachesImaging appearanceImaging modalities
Comparative Performance of Machine Learning Models in Reducing Unnecessary Targeted Prostate Biopsies
Chen F, Esmaili R, Khajir G, Zeevi T, Gross M, Leapman M, Sprenkle P, Justice A, Arora S, Weinreb J, Spektor M, Huber S, Humphrey P, Levi A, Staib L, Venkataraman R, Martin D, Onofrey J. Comparative Performance of Machine Learning Models in Reducing Unnecessary Targeted Prostate Biopsies. European Urology Oncology 2025 PMID: 39924390, DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2025.01.005.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricConceptsProstate cancerPrediction of clinically significant prostate cancerClinical dataProstate-specific antigen levelClinically significant prostate cancerProstate magnetic resonance imagingSeverity of prostate cancerCombination of clinical featuresPrediction of csPCaSignificant prostate cancerProstate Imaging-ReportingCore needle biopsyRetrospective analysis of dataDecision curve analysisReducing unnecessary biopsiesProstate cancer diagnosisReceiver operating characteristic curveArea under the receiver operating characteristic curveFalse-negative rateMagnetic resonance imagingPersonalized risk assessmentAntigen levelsNeedle biopsyPatient ageUnnecessary biopsies
2024
Renal transplant ultrasound: assessment of complications and advanced applications
Langdon J, Sharbidre K, Garner M, Robbin M, Scoutt L. Renal transplant ultrasound: assessment of complications and advanced applications. Abdominal Radiology 2024, 1-28. PMID: 39643733, DOI: 10.1007/s00261-024-04731-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRenal transplantationSurgical techniqueUltrasound evaluationSolid organ transplant proceduresComplication of renal transplantationLong-term complications of renal transplantationManagement of transplant patientsAssessment of complicationsComprehensive ultrasound evaluationLong-term complicationsRenal transplant evaluationOrgan transplant proceduresTransplant patientsUltrasound findingsSonographic findingsTransplant proceduresTransplant evaluationComplicationsTransplantationUltrasoundSurgeryPracticing radiologistsRelative prevalenceAllograftPatientsMRI after focal therapy for prostate cancer: what radiologists must know?
Jalilianhasanpour R, Arora S, Mansoori B, Raman S, Greenwood B, Sprenkle P, Schade G, Camacho M, Hosseini N, Westphalen A. MRI after focal therapy for prostate cancer: what radiologists must know? Abdominal Radiology 2024, 1-20. PMID: 39542951, DOI: 10.1007/s00261-024-04670-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchRenovascular hypertension – a primer for the radiologist
Dixe de Oliveira Santo I, Sindoni J, Czeyda-Pommersheim F, Solomon N, Sailer A, Bhatt S, Fananapazir G, Pellerito J, Revzin M. Renovascular hypertension – a primer for the radiologist. Abdominal Radiology 2024, 1-13. PMID: 39542950, DOI: 10.1007/s00261-024-04677-y.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAltmetricConceptsRenovascular hypertensionRenal arteryCause of renovascular hypertensionComputed tomography angiographyMagnetic resonance angiographyDiagnosing RVHExtrinsic compressionSecondary hypertensionRare conditionImaging findingsPolyarteritis nodosaSurgical interventionFibromuscular dysplasiaAnatomical variantsPage kidneyPictorial reviewHypertension casesAccurate diagnosisMedical managementDiagnostic criteriaTreatment approachesImaging modalitiesHypertensionImpact diagnosisYoung femalesCoordinate-Independent 3-D Ultrasound Principal Stretch and Direction Imaging
Jeng G, Chen P, Hsieh M, Liu Z, Langdon J, Ahn S, Staib L, Stendahl J, Thorn S, Sinusas A, Duncan J, O'Donnell M. Coordinate-Independent 3-D Ultrasound Principal Stretch and Direction Imaging. IEEE Transactions On Biomedical Engineering 2024, 71: 3312-3323. PMID: 38941195, PMCID: PMC11637688, DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2024.3420220.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPrincipal stretchesAxial displacement componentsSpeckle tracking methodSpeckle tracking approachTracking methodRobust filterDisplacement componentsTissue incompressibilityDisplacement estimationStrain componentsDisplacement gradientsStrain informationLocalized diseased regionStrain imagingLagrangian strainLeast-squares methodTracking approachTracking frameworkCoordinate systemCardiac coordinate systemProbe orientationFilterHigher spatial resolutionCardiac datasetsEnhanced accuracyUltrasound of the Upper Urinary Tract
Revzin M, Srivastava B, Pellerito J. Ultrasound of the Upper Urinary Tract. Radiologic Clinics Of North America 2024, 63: 57-82. PMID: 39510663, DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2024.09.002.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchResidual Ultrasound-Enhancing Agents Mimicking Portal Venous Gas
Bitar R, Langdon J, Kaur M, Crandall I, McNamara R, Revzin M. Residual Ultrasound-Enhancing Agents Mimicking Portal Venous Gas. Ultrasound Quarterly 2024, 40: e00694. PMID: 39466239, DOI: 10.1097/ruq.0000000000000694.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsUltrasound enhancing agentsPortal venous gasBowel ischemiaAbdominal ultrasoundVenous gasEchogenic fociContrast-enhanced echocardiographyEvaluation of cardiac functionPortal venous systemSeries of casesSonographic detectionCardiac functionDifferential diagnosisPortal veinVenous systemObservational studyLiver parenchymaPortal triadsVascular patencyBowelIschemiaEchocardiographyLiverUltrasoundUltrasound Contrast Agents Current Role in Adults and Children for Various Indications
Mundada K, Pellerito J, Srivastava B, Revzin M. Ultrasound Contrast Agents Current Role in Adults and Children for Various Indications. Radiologic Clinics Of North America 2024, 62: 1035-1062. PMID: 39393849, DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2024.07.010.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsUltrasound Evaluation of the Abdominal Aorta and Mesenteric Arteries
Gunabushanam G, Robbin M, Scoutt L. Ultrasound Evaluation of the Abdominal Aorta and Mesenteric Arteries. Radiologic Clinics Of North America 2024, 63: 123-135. PMID: 39510656, DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2024.07.009.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsProposed Updates to the First-Trimester US Reporting Lexicon: A Laudable Goal.
Scoutt L, Norton M. Proposed Updates to the First-Trimester US Reporting Lexicon: A Laudable Goal. Radiology 2024, 312: e242013. PMID: 39189903, PMCID: PMC11366668, DOI: 10.1148/radiol.242013.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConventional and Contrast-enhanced US of the Lung: From Performance to Diagnosis.
Jiménez-Serrano S, Páez-Carpio A, Doménech-Ximenos B, Cornellas L, Sánchez M, Revzin M, Vollmer I. Conventional and Contrast-enhanced US of the Lung: From Performance to Diagnosis. RadioGraphics 2024, 44: e230171. PMID: 38935548, DOI: 10.1148/rg.230171.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsPeripheral lung diseaseContrast-enhanced USDiagnosis of peripheral lung diseasePercutaneous biopsyLung USEnhancement patternLung diseaseImage-guided percutaneous biopsyAccurate differential diagnosisDiagnostic chest imagingLung biopsySubpleural lesionsConventional USDifferential diagnosisPathological findingsPulmonary physiologyChest imagingArterial supplyBiopsyLungDiagnostic testsDiagnosisSoft tissueDiseaseImaging timeRenal bleeding: imaging and interventions in patients with tumors
Singer E, Karbasian N, Katz D, Wong V, Abdelsalam M, Stanietzky N, Nguyen T, Shenoy-Bhangle A, Badawy M, Revzin M, Shehata M, Eltaher M, Elsayes K, Korivi B. Renal bleeding: imaging and interventions in patients with tumors. Diagnostic And Interventional Radiology 2024 PMID: 38874163, DOI: 10.4274/dir.2024.242822.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsConceptsRenal bleedingComputed tomographyRenal tumorsSpontaneous renal bleedingMalignant renal tumorsRenal cell carcinomaCross-sectional imaging techniquesFollow-up evaluationEffective patient managementMagnetic resonance imagingAdvanced imaging techniquesCell carcinomaClinical presentationCoagulation disordersImaging techniquesImaging findingsVascular anomaliesUreteral obstructionTreatment optionsEnhancing massBleedingPatient managementTumorResonance imagingPatientsUltrasound evaluation of portal venous gas and its mimics
Bitar R, Kaur M, Crandall I, McNamara R, Revzin M. Ultrasound evaluation of portal venous gas and its mimics. Abdominal Radiology 2024, 49: 2756-2769. PMID: 38735019, DOI: 10.1007/s00261-024-04328-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAltmetricConceptsMulti-Task Learning for Motion Analysis and Segmentation in 3D Echocardiography
Ta K, Ahn S, Thorn S, Stendahl J, Zhang X, Langdon J, Staib L, Sinusas A, Duncan J. Multi-Task Learning for Motion Analysis and Segmentation in 3D Echocardiography. IEEE Transactions On Medical Imaging 2024, 43: 2010-2020. PMID: 38231820, DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2024.3355383.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsConceptsMulti-task learning networkCross-stitch unitsComposite loss functionAccurate motion estimationTask-specific networksMotion estimationSegmentation masksLearning networkLoss functionSegmentation stepEchocardiography datasetNetworkMotion displacementMotion analysisMultiple time framesTaskAnalysis pipelineSegmentsStrain measurementsDatasetRepresentationPeer Learning in Neuroradiology: Easier Than It Sounds
Kunst M, Sharpe R, Pahade J, Donnelly L, Broder J. Peer Learning in Neuroradiology: Easier Than It Sounds. American Journal Of Neuroradiology 2024, 45: e12-e13. PMID: 38697795, PMCID: PMC11288595, DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a8263.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricMultimodality Imaging of Postmastectomy Breast Reconstruction Techniques, Complications, and Tumor Recurrence.
Thai J, Sodagari F, Colwell A, Winograd J, Revzin M, Mahmoud H, Mozayan S, Chou S, Destounis S, Butler R. Multimodality Imaging of Postmastectomy Breast Reconstruction Techniques, Complications, and Tumor Recurrence. RadioGraphics 2024, 44: e230070. PMID: 38573814, DOI: 10.1148/rg.230070.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsTumor recurrencePostoperative evaluation of patientsFlap reconstruction methodsImplant-based reconstructionMultimodal imagingBreast reconstruction techniquesFat graft placementBreast cancer recurrenceTissue flap reconstructionEvaluation of patientsNipple-sparing techniquesTissue donor sitesFlap-based reconstructionNipple-areolar complex reconstructionDiagnostic breast imagingUnique patient populationAutologous tissue flapsAbnormal imaging appearancesBreast cancer screeningMastectomy optionLocal recurrenceOncoplastic surgeryDisease recurrenceFlap reconstructionReconstructed breastDoppler Ultrasound of the Renal Vasculature
Gunabushanam G, Chaubal R, Scoutt L. Doppler Ultrasound of the Renal Vasculature. Journal Of Ultrasound In Medicine 2024, 43: 1543-1562. PMID: 38654477, DOI: 10.1002/jum.16466.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsAltmetricConceptsRenal artery stent placementFirst-line imaging modalityUnexplained renal dysfunctionArtery stent placementSuspected renovascular diseaseUltrasound imaging findingsRenal dysfunctionStent placementRenovascular hypertensionImaging findingsRenovascular diseaseRenal vesselsRenal arteryRenal vasculatureDoppler ultrasoundAtherosclerotic stenosisImaging modalitiesUltrasoundImaging of Antepartum and Postpartum Hemorrhage.
Melamud K, Wahab S, Smereka P, Dighe M, Glanc P, Kamath A, Maheshwari E, Scoutt L, Hindman N. Imaging of Antepartum and Postpartum Hemorrhage. RadioGraphics 2024, 44: e230164. PMID: 38547034, DOI: 10.1148/rg.230164.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsPostpartum hemorrhageQuarter of maternal deathsSevere obstetric hemorrhagePuerperal genital hematomaPlacenta accreta spectrum disordersMaternal mortalityBladder flap hematomaMaternal deathsObstetric hemorrhageUterine atonyCesarean deliveryProducts of conceptionUterine ruptureUterine dehiscenceAntepartum hemorrhageAntepartum periodFlap hematomaPlacenta previaPlacental abruptionVasa previaInfectious complicationsBleeding complicationsRectus sheathVascular anomaliesHemorrhageAdded Value of Contrast-enhanced US for Evaluation of Female Pelvic Disease.
Olinger K, Liu X, Khoshpouri P, Khoshpouri P, Scoutt L, Khurana A, Chaubal R, Moshiri M. Added Value of Contrast-enhanced US for Evaluation of Female Pelvic Disease. RadioGraphics 2024, 44: e230092. PMID: 38175802, DOI: 10.1148/rg.230092.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsContrast-enhanced USFemale pelvisUS contrast agentEnd-stage renal diseaseContrast-enhanced CTExcellent safety profileModality of choiceUterine cavity morphologyVisualization of lesionsRenal diseaseGynecologic diseaseGynecologic tumorsPelvic diseaseSafety profileTubal patencyPelvic fistulasAdditional imagingIndeterminate lesionsContrast agentsDiseasePelvisImaging modalitiesExcellent optionLesionsCharacterization of diseaseThe disproportionate impact of peer learning on emergency radiology
Czerminski J, Pahade J, Davis M, Mezrich J. The disproportionate impact of peer learning on emergency radiology. Emergency Radiology 2024, 31: 133-139. PMID: 38261134, DOI: 10.1007/s10140-024-02207-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricConceptsEmergency radiologistsPotential learning opportunitiesFollow-up reviewEmergency department patientsPost hoc analysisIncreasing case volumePediatric patientsCT examsAttending radiologistsAcademic medical centerCase volumeLearning methodsDepartment patientsPurposeThe useHoc analysisShorter turn-around timeMedical CenterRadiologistsAttending coveragePeer learning methodLearning feedbackHospital systemPatientsAnalysis of variance
2023
Reply
Pahade J, Sodagari F. Reply. Journal Of The American College Of Radiology 2023, 21: 849-850. PMID: 37956882, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2023.11.007.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDeferral of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Testing Before Contrast-Enhanced CT in Low-Risk Emergency Department Patients: Assessment of Safety and Impact on Throughput
Gunabushanam G, Asch D, van Luling J, Kuehne A, Alkukhun A, Staib L, Venkatesh A, Pahade J. Deferral of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Testing Before Contrast-Enhanced CT in Low-Risk Emergency Department Patients: Assessment of Safety and Impact on Throughput. Journal Of The American College Of Radiology 2023, 21: 52-60. PMID: 37939813, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2023.11.003.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAltmetricConceptsAcute kidney injuryChronic kidney diseaseContrast-enhanced CTLower riskED providersMedian OSEGFR testingContrast-induced acute kidney injuryLow-risk emergency department patientsLow-risk ED patientsProportion of patientsEmergency department patientsClinical risk assessmentGlomerular filtration rate testingAssessment of safetyChronic dialysisKidney injuryDepartment patientsED patientsEGFR valuesKidney diseaseRisk factorsPatientsCECT studiesRiskManagement of Severe Allergic-Like Contrast Media Reactions: Pitfalls and Strategies, From the AJR Special Series on Contrast Media.
Asch D, Callahan M, Thomas K, Desai S, Pahade J. Management of Severe Allergic-Like Contrast Media Reactions: Pitfalls and Strategies, From the AJR Special Series on Contrast Media. American Journal Of Roentgenology 2023, 223: e2330044. PMID: 37818959, DOI: 10.2214/ajr.23.30044.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricGrading Abdominal Trauma: Changes in and Implications of the Revised 2018 AAST-OIS for the Spleen, Liver, and Kidney.
Dixe de Oliveira Santo I, Sailer A, Solomon N, Borse R, Cavallo J, Teitelbaum J, Chong S, Roberge E, Revzin M. Grading Abdominal Trauma: Changes in and Implications of the Revised 2018 AAST-OIS for the Spleen, Liver, and Kidney. RadioGraphics 2023, 43: e230040. PMID: 37590162, DOI: 10.1148/rg.230040.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsBlunt abdominal traumaOrgan Injury ScaleAAST-OISOrgan injuryVascular injuryTrauma Organ Injury ScaleLow-grade injuriesMultidetector CT findingsSolid organ injuryHospital mortalityAbdominal traumaCT findingsOrgan damageTrauma centerArteriovenous fistulaTreatment successPatient managementInjury ScaleEarly diagnosisMultidetector CTInjury severityInjuryDisease controlClinical researchInjury detection