2025
Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Perfusion Scoring Improves the Diagnostic Accuracy of Myocardial Perfusion Imaging.
Miller R, Kavanagh P, Lemley M, Liang J, Sharir T, Einstein A, Fish M, Ruddy T, Kaufmann P, Sinusas A, Miller E, Bateman T, Dorbala S, Di Carli M, Hayes S, Friedman J, Berman D, Dey D, Slomka P. Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Perfusion Scoring Improves the Diagnostic Accuracy of Myocardial Perfusion Imaging. Journal Of Nuclear Medicine 2025, jnumed.124.268079. PMID: 39978815, DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.124.268079.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchObstructive coronary artery diseaseCoronary artery diseaseArea under the receiver operating characteristic curveMyocardial perfusion imagingPerfusion scoreDetection of obstructive coronary artery diseaseDiagnostic accuracy of myocardial perfusion imagingPerfusion imagingAccuracy of myocardial perfusion imagingInvasive coronary angiographyCohort of patientsHighest area under the receiver operating characteristic curveLeft main coronary arteryReceiver operating characteristic curveStress TPDDeep learningObstructive CADMedian ageCoronary angiographyArtificial intelligenceDiagnostic performanceDiagnostic accuracyArtery diseaseAI predictionsCoronary arteryEconomic Outcomes With Precision Diagnostic Testing Versus Usual Testing in Stable Chest Pain: Results From the PRECISE Randomized Trial
Chew D, Mark D, Li Y, Nanna M, Kelsey M, Daniels M, Davidson-Ray L, Baloch K, Rogers C, Patel M, Anstrom K, Curzen N, Vemulapalli S, Douglas P, Investigators O. Economic Outcomes With Precision Diagnostic Testing Versus Usual Testing in Stable Chest Pain: Results From the PRECISE Randomized Trial. Circulation Cardiovascular Quality And Outcomes 2025, 18: e011008. PMID: 39895495, PMCID: PMC11837965, DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.123.011008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAngina, StableComputed Tomography AngiographyCoronary AngiographyCoronary Artery DiseaseCost SavingsCost-Benefit AnalysisFemaleFractional Flow Reserve, MyocardialHospital CostsHumansMaleMiddle AgedPredictive Value of TestsProspective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeUnited StatesConceptsChest painObstructive coronary artery diseaseCoronary computed tomographic angiographyStable chest painCoronary artery bypass surgeryLow-risk patientsSecondary end pointsPrimary composite of deathPrecision strategyComputed tomographic angiographyHealth care system perspectiveComposite of deathUS health care system perspectiveArtery bypass surgeryMedical costsMean cost differenceNonfatal myocardial infarctionCoronary artery diseaseIntention-to-treatPercutaneous coronary interventionUsual testsEstimated total medical costTotal medical costsClinical practice guidelinesRisk patients
2024
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential is associated with increased risk of immune checkpoint inhibitor myocarditis in a prospective study of a cardio-oncology cohort
Jaber Chehayeb R, Singh J, Matute-Martinez C, Chen N, Guajardo A, Lin D, Jayakrishnan R, Christofides A, Leveille E, Im Y, Biancon G, VanOudenhove J, Ibrahim E, Ardasheva A, Jha A, Hwa J, Halene S, Kwan J. Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential is associated with increased risk of immune checkpoint inhibitor myocarditis in a prospective study of a cardio-oncology cohort. Cardio-Oncology 2024, 10: 84. PMID: 39587635, PMCID: PMC11590368, DOI: 10.1186/s40959-024-00289-z.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchImmune checkpoint inhibitor myocarditisImmune checkpoint inhibitorsImmune checkpoint inhibitor useICI-myocarditisIndeterminate potentialProspective studyImmune checkpoint inhibitor therapyCancer therapyClonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potentialCancer treated with immunotherapyIncreased T cell activationObstructive coronary artery diseaseMultivariate competing risk analysisCardiotoxic cancer therapyRisks Cox regressionAssociated with increased riskIncreased all-cause mortalityPatient co-morbiditiesRisk of cardiomyopathyT cell activationCompeting risk analysisCoronary artery calcificationCoronary artery diseaseAll-cause mortalityHeart failure patientsEvaluating Ischemic Heart Disease in Women: Focus on Angina With Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries (ANOCA)
Maayah M, Latif N, Vijay A, Gallegos C, Cigarroa N, Martinez E, Mazure C, Miller E, Spatz E, Shah S. Evaluating Ischemic Heart Disease in Women: Focus on Angina With Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries (ANOCA). Journal Of The Society For Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions 2024, 3: 102195. PMID: 39166160, PMCID: PMC11330936, DOI: 10.1016/j.jscai.2024.102195.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchIschemic heart diseaseNonobstructive coronary arteriesCoronary artery diseaseArtery diseaseObstructive coronary artery diseaseCoronary arteryLong-term cardiovascular prognosisHeart diseaseSuspected ischemic heart diseaseAtherosclerotic coronary artery diseaseCoronary vasomotor disordersPretest probability of diseasePragmatic diagnostic algorithmExpert consensus documentEvaluating ischemic heart diseaseImpact quality of lifeQuality of lifeSymptomatic patientsPretest probabilityANOCACardiovascular prognosisVasomotor disordersDiagnostic evaluationPersistent symptomsDiagnostic strategiesDetermining the Cause of Coronary Vasomotor Disorders in Patients With Ischemia and Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries: Design and Rationale of the DISCOVER INOCA Prospective, Multicenter Registry
Shah S, Tremmel J, Henry T, Smilowitz N, Prasad M, Kobayashi Y, Henry G, Samady H, Samuels B, Lerman A, Moses J, Pietras C, Zhang Z, Tirziu D, Parise H, Cristea E, Chamié D, Grubman D, Henrici K, Matmusaeva E, Latif N, Cigarroa N, Lansky A. Determining the Cause of Coronary Vasomotor Disorders in Patients With Ischemia and Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries: Design and Rationale of the DISCOVER INOCA Prospective, Multicenter Registry. Journal Of The Society For Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions 2024, 3: 102046. PMID: 39132594, PMCID: PMC11308755, DOI: 10.1016/j.jscai.2024.102046.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCoronary function testingObstructive coronary artery diseaseCoronary artery diseaseNonobstructive coronary arteriesLong-term outcomesFollow-upVasomotor disordersEnd pointsComposite of cardiovascular deathCoronary arteryLong-term follow-upCoronary microvascular dysfunctionDiagnostic coronary angiographyCardiovascular adverse eventsAdverse cardiovascular eventsCoronary vasomotor disordersOptical coherence tomographySymptomatic myocardial bridgingShort-term end pointsAtherosclerotic plaque burdenIschemic heart diseaseLong-term end pointsINOCA patientsAcetylcholine provocationPatient-reported outcome measuresImpact of cardiac size on diagnostic performance of single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging: insights from the REgistry of Fast Myocardial Perfusion Imaging with NExt generation single-photon emission computed tomography
Randazzo M, Elias P, Poterucha T, Sharir T, Fish M, Ruddy T, Kaufmann P, Sinusas A, Miller E, Bateman T, Dorbala S, Di Carli M, Castillo M, Liang J, Miller R, Dey D, Berman D, Slomka P, Einstein A. Impact of cardiac size on diagnostic performance of single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging: insights from the REgistry of Fast Myocardial Perfusion Imaging with NExt generation single-photon emission computed tomography. European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging 2024, 25: 996-1006. PMID: 38445511, DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeae055.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSPECT myocardial perfusion imagingMyocardial perfusion imagingCoronary artery diseaseCardiac sizeDetect obstructive coronary artery diseasePerfusion imagingObstructive coronary artery diseaseDetection of coronary artery diseaseNegative predictive valueLeft ventricular volumeSolid-state scannersSmall cardiac sizeCoronary angiographyMale patientsYounger patientsElderly patientsMale sexDiagnostic performanceVentricular volumeArtery diseaseVisual assessmentPatientsPredictive valueElderly ageSPECT
2023
Cardiac evaluation of the liver transplant candidate
Possick S, Khungar V, Deshpande R. Cardiac evaluation of the liver transplant candidate. Current Opinion In Organ Transplantation 2023, 29: 299-304. PMID: 37995156, DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000001122.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchObstructive coronary artery diseaseLiver transplant candidatesRight heart catheterizationCoronary artery diseaseRisk stratificationCirrhotic cardiomyopathyFractional flow reserveTransplant candidatesNegative predictive valueCirrhotic patientsCardiac evaluationArtery diseaseDiagnostic criteriaPredictive valueAdult liver transplant candidatesInferior vena cava sizeEvaluation of liverSpecific echocardiographic parametersKidney transplant candidatesSevere aortic stenosisProhibitive surgical riskDiastolic function assessmentPerioperative risk stratificationCoronary calcium scoringNew diagnostic criteriaIllness Perception and the Impact of a Definitive Diagnosis on Women With Ischemia and No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: A Qualitative Study.
Tseng L, Göç N, Schwann A, Cherlin E, Kunnirickal S, Odanovic N, Curry L, Shah S, Spatz E. Illness Perception and the Impact of a Definitive Diagnosis on Women With Ischemia and No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: A Qualitative Study. Circulation Cardiovascular Quality And Outcomes 2023, 16: 521-529. PMID: 37476997, DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.122.009834.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsObstructive coronary artery diseaseCoronary function testingCoronary artery diseaseInvasive coronary angiographyArtery diseaseCoronary angiographyFunction testingDefinitive diagnosisYale-New Haven HospitalNon-Hispanic blacksMore patient-centered careNew Haven HospitalPatient-centered careStructured telephone interviewQuality of lifeHealth care experiencesNon-Hispanic whitesGroup of womenCoronary functionIllness perceptionsMean ageINOCAUncertain causeMultidisciplinary teamPatient careAssociation of Beta-Blocker Therapy With Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease
Godoy L, Farkouh M, Austin P, Shah B, Qiu F, Jackevicius C, Wijeysundera H, Krumholz H, Ko D. Association of Beta-Blocker Therapy With Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2023, 81: 2299-2311. PMID: 37316110, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.04.021.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsStable coronary artery diseaseCoronary artery diseaseBeta-blocker groupRecent myocardial infarctionHeart failureMyocardial infarctionCardiovascular eventsCoronary angiographyPrescription claimsObstructive coronary artery diseaseIndex coronary angiographyBeta-blocker therapyBeta-blocker useHeart failure hospitalizationElective coronary angiographyNew-user designMyocardial infarction hospitalizationsCause deathCardiovascular outcomesCause mortalityFailure hospitalizationCardioprotective benefitsArtery diseasePrimary outcomeIschemic heart
2022
Young Women With Acute Myocardial Infarction: Risk Prediction Model for 1-Year Hospital Readmission
Dreyer R, Arakaki A, Raparelli V, Murphy T, Tsang S, D’Onofrio G, Wood M, Wright C, Pilote L. Young Women With Acute Myocardial Infarction: Risk Prediction Model for 1-Year Hospital Readmission. CJC Open 2022, 5: 335-344. PMID: 37377522, PMCID: PMC10290947, DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2022.12.004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAcute myocardial infarctionRisk prediction modelHospital readmissionYoung womenMyocardial infarctionYoung AMI Patients (VIRGO) studyObstructive coronary artery diseaseRisk of readmissionCongestive heart failureProspective observational studyCoronary artery diseaseYoung female patientHospital readmission riskHospital complicationsHospital stayYounger patientsArtery diseaseClinical factorsHeart failureFemale patientsReadmission riskObservational studyModest discriminationHigh riskDepressive symptomsMitigating bias in deep learning for diagnosis of coronary artery disease from myocardial perfusion SPECT images
Miller RJH, Singh A, Otaki Y, Tamarappoo BK, Kavanagh P, Parekh T, Hu LH, Gransar H, Sharir T, Einstein AJ, Fish MB, Ruddy TD, Kaufmann PA, Sinusas AJ, Miller EJ, Bateman TM, Dorbala S, Di Carli MF, Liang JX, Dey D, Berman DS, Slomka PJ. Mitigating bias in deep learning for diagnosis of coronary artery disease from myocardial perfusion SPECT images. European Journal Of Nuclear Medicine And Molecular Imaging 2022, 50: 387-397. PMID: 36194270, PMCID: PMC10042590, DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05972-w.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCoronary artery diseaseMyocardial perfusion imagingArtery diseaseInvasive angiographyObstructive coronary artery diseaseDisease probabilityLow-risk patientsLow-risk populationHigh-risk populationTotal perfusion deficitHigh diagnostic accuracyS-TPDPerfusion deficitsPatient managementPatientsPerfusion imagingDiagnostic accuracyPerfusion SPECT imagesLower likelihoodGood calibrationCharacteristic curveAngiographySPECT imagesSelection biasDiseaseThe Prognostic Value of CAC Zero Among Individuals Presenting With Chest Pain A Meta-Analysis
Agha AM, Pacor J, Grandhi GR, Mszar R, Khan SU, Parikh R, Agrawal T, Burt J, Blankstein R, Blaha MJ, Shaw LJ, Al-Mallah MH, Brackett A, Cainzos-Achirica M, Miller EJ, Nasir K. The Prognostic Value of CAC Zero Among Individuals Presenting With Chest Pain A Meta-Analysis. JACC Cardiovascular Imaging 2022, 15: 1745-1757. PMID: 36202453, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2022.03.031.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsObstructive coronary artery diseaseAcute chest painCoronary artery calciumCoronary artery diseaseStable chest painNonobstructive coronary artery diseaseMajor adverse cardiac eventsAdverse cardiac eventsChest painCardiac eventsLow prevalenceAbsence of CACHealth care delivery modelsCare delivery modelsA Meta-AnalysisNegative predictive valueCAC assessmentArtery calciumCAC scoreIntermediate riskArtery diseaseCoronary CTACTA assessmentPrognostic valueTomography angiographyExplainable Deep Learning Improves Physician Interpretation of Myocardial Perfusion Imaging.
Miller RJH, Kuronuma K, Singh A, Otaki Y, Hayes S, Chareonthaitawee P, Kavanagh P, Parekh T, Tamarappoo BK, Sharir T, Einstein AJ, Fish MB, Ruddy TD, Kaufmann PA, Sinusas AJ, Miller EJ, Bateman TM, Dorbala S, Carli MD, Cadet S, Liang JX, Dey D, Berman DS, Slomka PJ. Explainable Deep Learning Improves Physician Interpretation of Myocardial Perfusion Imaging. Journal Of Nuclear Medicine 2022, 63: 1768-1774. PMID: 35512997, PMCID: PMC9635672, DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.263686.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMyocardial perfusion imagingCoronary artery diseaseObstructive coronary artery diseasePhysician interpretationDiagnostic accuracyPerfusion imagingLeft main arteryOverall net reclassification improvementInvasive coronary angiographyNet reclassification improvementTotal perfusion deficitArtery diseaseCoronary angiographyMedian agePhysician diagnosisReclassification improvementPerfusion deficitsClinical historyCoronary segmentsRepresentative cohortMeaningful improvementsMain arteryPatientsDL resultsQuantitative perfusionAre risk factors necessary for pretest probability assessment of coronary artery disease? A patient similarity network analysis of the PROMISE trial
Kolossváry M, Mayrhofer T, Ferencik M, Karády J, Pagidipati NJ, Shah SH, Nanna MG, Foldyna B, Douglas PS, Hoffmann U, Lu MT. Are risk factors necessary for pretest probability assessment of coronary artery disease? A patient similarity network analysis of the PROMISE trial. Journal Of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography 2022, 16: 397-403. PMID: 35393245, PMCID: PMC9452442, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2022.03.006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCoronary artery diseaseCoronary CT angiographyCalcium scoreRisk factorsLuminal narrowingPTP scoreArtery diseasePatient characteristicsPROMISE trialStable chest pain patientsObstructive coronary artery diseasePretest probability assessmentChest pain patientsSimilar risk profilesCT angiographyImaging markerRisk profileDiagnostic accuracyCAD predictionSex groupsProbability calculatorScoresSubanalysesDiseaseGroup individuals
2021
The prospective randomized trial of the optimal evaluation of cardiac symptoms and revascularization: Rationale and design of the PRECISE trial
Nanna MG, Vemulapalli S, Fordyce CB, Mark DB, Patel MR, Al-Khalidi HR, Kelsey M, Martinez B, Yow E, Mullen S, Stone GW, Ben-Yehuda O, Udelson JE, Rogers C, Douglas PS. The prospective randomized trial of the optimal evaluation of cardiac symptoms and revascularization: Rationale and design of the PRECISE trial. American Heart Journal 2021, 245: 136-148. PMID: 34953768, PMCID: PMC8979644, DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2021.12.004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCoronary artery diseaseStable chest painChest painDiagnostic strategiesUsual careCardiac symptomsMajor adverse cardiac eventsNon-acute chest painObstructive coronary artery diseaseInitial diagnostic strategyInvasive cardiac catheterizationUse of CCTAUsual care strategyAdverse cardiac eventsProspective randomized trialsClinical care teamFractional flow reserveQuality of lifeHealth care costsOptimal evaluationPrimary endpointRevascularization TrialSecondary endpointsCardiac eventsArtery diseaseImpact of age, sex, and cardiac size on the diagnostic performance of myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography: insights from the REFINE SPECT registry
Randazzo M, Elias P, Poterucha T, Sharir T, Fish M, Ruddy T, Kaufmann P, Sinusas A, Miller E, Bateman T, Dorbala S, Di Carli M, Berman D, Slomka P, Einstein A. Impact of age, sex, and cardiac size on the diagnostic performance of myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography: insights from the REFINE SPECT registry. European Heart Journal 2021, 42: ehab724.0254. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.0254.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCoronary artery diseaseElderly patientsImpact of ageSingle photon emissionDiagnostic performanceYounger patientsFemale patientsCardiac sizeSPECT-MPILower EDVCardiac volumesObstructive coronary artery diseasePrediction of CADTomography myocardial perfusion imagingMyocardial perfusion single-photon emissionDiagnostic accuracyPerfusion single-photon emissionCardiac event rateStress total perfusion deficitReceiver-operating characteristic curveInvasive coronary angiographyEnd-diastolic volumeCardiac chamber sizeAlternative diagnostic modalityTotal perfusion deficitDiagnostic safety of a machine learning-based automatic patient selection algorithm for stress-only myocardial perfusion SPECT
Eisenberg E, Miller RJH, Hu LH, Rios R, Betancur J, Azadani P, Han D, Sharir T, Einstein AJ, Bokhari S, Fish MB, Ruddy TD, Kaufmann PA, Sinusas AJ, Miller EJ, Bateman TM, Dorbala S, Di Carli M, Liang JX, Otaki Y, Tamarappoo BK, Dey D, Berman DS, Slomka PJ. Diagnostic safety of a machine learning-based automatic patient selection algorithm for stress-only myocardial perfusion SPECT. Journal Of Nuclear Cardiology 2021, 29: 2295-2307. PMID: 34228341, PMCID: PMC9020793, DOI: 10.1007/s12350-021-02698-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsObstructive coronary artery diseaseCoronary artery diseaseHigh-risk coronary artery diseaseMyocardial perfusion imagingPatient selection algorithmTriple-vessel coronary artery diseasePrediction of CADML thresholdsStress-first protocolInvasive coronary angiographyReceiver operator characteristic curveOperator characteristic curveMyocardial perfusion SPECTArtery diseaseCoronary angiographyAnterior descendingClinical variablesClinical algorithmReader diagnosisRest imagingPerfusion SPECTPerfusion imagingDiagnostic safetyRadiation doseCharacteristic curveEstimating the real-world performance of the PROMISE minimal-risk tool
Nanna MG, Wang TY, Chiswell K, Sun JL, Vemulapalli S, Hoffmann U, Patel MR, Udelson JE, Fordyce CB, Douglas PS. Estimating the real-world performance of the PROMISE minimal-risk tool. American Heart Journal 2021, 239: 100-109. PMID: 34077743, DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2021.05.016.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAngina, StableComputed Tomography AngiographyCoronary AngiographyCoronary StenosisCoronary VesselsFemaleHeart Disease Risk FactorsHumansMaleMedical OveruseMiddle AgedMyocardial InfarctionMyocardial RevascularizationOutcome and Process Assessment, Health CarePrognosisRisk AssessmentUnited StatesConceptsObstructive coronary artery diseaseNon-low risk patientsLow-risk patientsCoronary artery diseaseStable chest painRisk patientsCardiac catheterizationArtery diseaseChest painMyocardial infarctionLower riskProspective Multicenter Imaging StudyStable chest pain patientsCardiovascular adverse outcomesMI-free survivalChest pain patientsObstructive coronary diseaseElective cardiac catheterizationLikelihood of freedomLogistic regression modelingOutcomes of interestPositive predictive valueAlternative cut pointsIndex angiographyIndex catheterizationAn EAPCI Expert Consensus Document on Ischaemia with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries in Collaboration with European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Coronary Pathophysiology & Microcirculation Endorsed by Coronary Vasomotor Disorders International Study Group.
Kunadian V, Chieffo A, Camici PG, Berry C, Escaned J, Maas AHEM, Prescott E, Karam N, Appelman Y, Fraccaro C, Buchanan GL, Manzo-Silberman S, Al-Lamee R, Regar E, Lansky A, Abbott JD, Badimon L, Duncker DJ, Mehran R, Capodanno D, Baumbach A. An EAPCI Expert Consensus Document on Ischaemia with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries in Collaboration with European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Coronary Pathophysiology & Microcirculation Endorsed by Coronary Vasomotor Disorders International Study Group. EuroIntervention 2021, 16: 1049-1069. PMID: 32624456, PMCID: PMC9707543, DOI: 10.4244/eijy20m07_01.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNon-obstructive coronary arteriesConsensus documentCoronary arteryObstructive coronary artery diseaseCardiology Working GroupCoronary artery diseasePercutaneous Cardiovascular InterventionsInternational Study GroupExpert consensus documentQuality of lifeHealth care costsCoronary vasospasmINOCA patientsCardiovascular eventsMicrovascular dysfunctionAngina pectorisArtery diseaseHospital admissionCoronary pathophysiologyInvasive angiographyAsymptomatic individualsINOCAStudy groupClinical practiceCare costs
2020
Outcomes in Guideline‐Based Class I Indication Versus Earlier Referral for Surgical Myectomy in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy
Alashi A, Smedira NG, Hodges K, Popovic ZB, Thamilarasan M, Wierup P, Lever HM, Desai MY. Outcomes in Guideline‐Based Class I Indication Versus Earlier Referral for Surgical Myectomy in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy. Journal Of The American Heart Association 2020, 10: e016210. PMID: 33342243, PMCID: PMC7955478, DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016210.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsCardiac Surgical ProceduresCardiomyopathy, HypertrophicDissectionEarly Medical InterventionEchocardiography, StressExercise TestFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedOutcome and Process Assessment, Health CarePatient SelectionPractice Guidelines as TopicSeverity of Illness IndexSurvival AnalysisUnited StatesConceptsVentricular outflow tract gradientObstructive coronary artery diseaseBetter long-term survivalSurgical myectomyOutflow tract gradientObstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathyCoronary artery diseaseLong-term survivalClass ITract gradientEarly surgeryArtery diseaseHypertrophic cardiomyopathyLeft ventricular outflow tract gradientAppropriate internal defibrillator dischargePrimary composite end pointBasal septal thicknessClass I indicationsPrimary composite eventsHypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathyComposite end pointLong-term outcomesComposite eventsEarly referralObstructive cardiomyopathy
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