2025
Vascular segmental exclusion for recurrent vulvar squamous cell carcinoma invading the femoral vessels
Schwartz A, Azodi M, Cardella J, Chaar C. Vascular segmental exclusion for recurrent vulvar squamous cell carcinoma invading the femoral vessels. Journal Of Vascular Surgery Cases And Innovative Techniques 2025, 11: 101753. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvscit.2025.101753.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchRecurrent vulvar squamous cell carcinomaVulvar squamous cell carcinomaInvasive vulvar carcinomaExtensive local invasionProgression of oncological diseasesSquamous cell carcinomaLower limb ischemiaSuperficial femoral arteryVulvar carcinomaFemoral artery embolismAbdomen-pelvisUnresectable tumorsArtery embolizationCell carcinomaLeft axillaryPopliteal artery bypassWide resectionThree-month follow-upLocal invasionArtery bypassComputed tomographyFollow-upNecrotic massLimb ischemiaFemoral veinReal-world outcomes with T-VEC in patients with anti-PD-1 resistant in-transit disease from melanoma and Merkel cell carcinoma
Su D, McNamara M, Kaszycki M, Frey A, Ishizuka J, Costa P, Tran T, Kluger H, Clune J, Weiss S, Olino K. Real-world outcomes with T-VEC in patients with anti-PD-1 resistant in-transit disease from melanoma and Merkel cell carcinoma. Surgical Oncology Insight 2025, 2: 100120. DOI: 10.1016/j.soi.2024.100120.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMerkel cell carcinomaMerkel cell carcinoma casesT-VECCell carcinomaMedian numberAnti-PD-1 blockadeStage IIIB-IV melanomaAdvanced Merkel cell carcinomaIn-transit melanomaIn-transit diseaseICI therapyTalimogene laherparepvecAdvanced melanomaCancer immunotherapyMetastatic sitesPartial responseIn-transitRegional metastasesMedian ageGrade 3Adverse eventsTreatment cyclesDisease progressionMelanomaPatients831 AXL Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Expression in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Insights from the METEOR trial
Laimon Y, Paul M, Jammihal T, Ghandour F, Ahmar N, Simsek B, Matar S, Denize T, Mohanna R, De Oliveira G, Delcea A, Shukla S, Braun D, Sun M, Aftab D, Saad E, Machaalani M, Xie W, Choueiri T, Signoretti S. 831 AXL Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Expression in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Insights from the METEOR trial. Laboratory Investigation 2025, 105: 103064. DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2024.103064.Peer-Reviewed Original Research796 Tertiary Lymphoid Structures Predict Response to First-Line Nivolumab Therapy in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: Findings from the HCRN GU16-260 Clinical Trial
Ahmar N, Simsek B, Jegede O, Matar S, Savla V, Laimon Y, Mohanna R, De Oliveira G, Sheshdeh A, Delcea A, Paul M, Choueiri T, Xie W, Freeman G, Braun D, Haas N, Hammers H, Bilen M, Stein M, Sosman J, Wu C, McDermott D, Atkins M, Signoretti S. 796 Tertiary Lymphoid Structures Predict Response to First-Line Nivolumab Therapy in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: Findings from the HCRN GU16-260 Clinical Trial. Laboratory Investigation 2025, 105: 103029. DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2024.103029.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchNeoadjuvant cabozantinib for locally advanced nonmetastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a phase 2 trial
Bilen M, Vo B, Liu Y, Greenwald R, Davarpanah A, McGuire D, Shiradkar R, Li L, Midya A, Nazha B, Brown J, Williams S, Session W, Russler G, Caulfield S, Joshi S, Narayan V, Filson C, Ogan K, Kucuk O, Carthon B, Del Balzo L, Cohen A, Boyanton A, Prokhnevska N, Cardenas M, Sobierajska E, Jansen C, Patil D, Nicaise E, Osunkoya A, Kissick H, Master V. Neoadjuvant cabozantinib for locally advanced nonmetastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a phase 2 trial. Nature Cancer 2025, 6: 432-444. PMID: 40016487, DOI: 10.1038/s43018-025-00922-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNonmetastatic clear cell renal cell carcinomaRenal cell carcinomaClear cell renal cell carcinomaCell renal cell carcinomaCD8+ T cellsT cellsCell carcinomaAdverse eventsStem-like CD8+ T cellsMetastatic renal cell carcinomaPalmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndromeSingle-arm clinical trialOral multikinase inhibitorDisease-free survivalPhase 2 trialSecondary end pointsCabozantinib treatmentNeoadjuvant settingStable diseaseBiopsy-provenPartial responseSurgical resectionOverall survivalMultikinase inhibitorMyeloid populationsHIF regulates multiple translated endogenous retroviruses: Implications for cancer immunotherapy
Jiang Q, Braun D, Clauser K, Ramesh V, Shirole N, Duke-Cohan J, Nabilsi N, Kramer N, Forman C, Lippincott I, Klaeger S, Phulphagar K, Chea V, Kim N, Vanasse A, Saad E, Parsons T, Carr-Reynolds M, Carulli I, Pinjusic K, Jiang Y, Li R, Syamala S, Rachimi S, Verzani E, Stevens J, Lane W, Camp S, Meli K, Pappalardi M, Herbert Z, Qiu X, Cejas P, Long H, Shukla S, Van Allen E, Choueiri T, Churchman L, Abelin J, Gurer C, MacBeath G, Childs R, Carr S, Keskin D, Wu C, Kaelin W. HIF regulates multiple translated endogenous retroviruses: Implications for cancer immunotherapy. Cell 2025 PMID: 40023154, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.01.046.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchClear cell renal cell carcinomaCancer immunotherapyAntigen-specific T cell responsesAllogeneic stem cell transplantationEndogenous retrovirusesClear cell renal cell carcinoma patientsLow mutational burdenCell renal cell carcinomaStem cell transplantationT cell responsesRenal cell carcinomaVHL tumor suppressor geneTumor suppressor geneHLA-bound peptidesEndogenous retrovirus expressionNon-ccRCCCell transplantationMutational burdenSpontaneous regressionCell carcinomaT cellsCase reportSuppressor geneHIF transcription factorsImmunotherapyPresence of tertiary lymphoid structures and exhausted tissue-resident T cells determines clinical response to PD-1 blockade in renal cell carcinoma.
Hugaboom M, Wirth L, Street K, Ruthen N, Jegede O, Schindler N, Shah V, Zaemes J, El Ahmar N, Matar S, Savla V, Choueiri T, Denize T, West D, McDermott D, Plimack E, Sosman J, Haas N, Stein M, Alter R, Bilen M, Hurwitz M, Hammers H, Signoretti S, Atkins M, Wu C, Braun D. Presence of tertiary lymphoid structures and exhausted tissue-resident T cells determines clinical response to PD-1 blockade in renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Discovery 2025, of1-of21. PMID: 39992403, DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-24-0991.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTertiary lymphoid structuresRenal cell carcinomaCD8+ T cellsAnti-PD1 monotherapyImmune checkpoint inhibitorsT cellsCell carcinomaLymphoid structuresClinical outcomesClinical response to PD-1 blockadeTreatment of advanced renal cell carcinomaResponse to PD-1 blockadePresence of tertiary lymphoid structuresAdvanced renal cell carcinomaTissue-resident T cellsPD-1 blockadePhase II clinical trialPD-1 pathwayCheckpoint inhibitorsICI resistancePD-1Responding patientsTumor microenvironmentTherapeutic responseTissue-residentPD-1H (VISTA) expression in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is correlated with T cell infiltration and activation
Kidacki M, Cho C, Lopez-Giraldez F, Huang B, He J, Gaule P, Chen L, Vesely M. PD-1H (VISTA) expression in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is correlated with T cell infiltration and activation. Journal Of Investigative Dermatology 2025 PMID: 39983979, DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2025.01.030.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCutaneous squamous cell carcinomaPD-L1 expressionT cell infiltrationPD-L1Squamous cell carcinomaVISTA expressionPD-1HCell carcinomaT cellsBlockade of PD-1Proliferation marker Ki-67Multiplexed quantitative immunofluorescencePD-L1 coexpressionTreatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomaControl T cellsPreclinical cancer studiesMyeloid cell functionImmunosuppressive microenvironmentPD-1Receptor antagonismKi-67Individual tumorsGranzyme B.Clinical trialsCancer clinical trialsLocal definitive therapy (LDT) utilization patterns and outcomes in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) with metachronous metastasis: A multi-institution study.
Dizman N, Doshi S, Knezevic A, Feinaj A, Sayegh N, Hobeika C, Alaghehbandan R, Rives H, Zengin Z, Braun D, Zibelman M, McGregor B, Hammers H, Ged Y, Ornstein M, Msaouel P, Hahn A, Voss M. Local definitive therapy (LDT) utilization patterns and outcomes in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) with metachronous metastasis: A multi-institution study. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2025, 43: 503-503. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2025.43.5_suppl.503.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchLocal definitive therapySarcomatoid dedifferentiationMetachronous metastasesSystemic treatmentST cohortDuration of disease controlChromophobe renal cell carcinomaTreatment characteristics of patientsMetastatic disease diagnosisSingle-organ metastasisTreatment-free intervalTreatment-free survivalKaplan-Meier methodRenal cell carcinomaFisher's exact testCharacteristics of patientsMulti-institutional studyWilcoxon rank sum testRank sum testMetastatic sitesSurgical resectionDefinitive therapyRare subtypeMedian intervalCell carcinomaDose finding study of CBM588 in combination with nivolumab and ipilimumab in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: A phase I study.
Agarwal R, Ebrahimi H, Zengin Z, Barragán Carrillo R, Dizman N, Zugman M, Jaime-Casas S, Meza L, Li X, Hsu J, Castro D, Mercier B, Lee P, Takahashi M, Tripathi A, Dorff T, Caporaso G, Lee K, Pal S, Chehrazi-Raffle A. Dose finding study of CBM588 in combination with nivolumab and ipilimumab in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: A phase I study. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2025, 43: tps611-tps611. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2025.43.5_suppl.tps611.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMetastatic renal cell carcinomaImmune checkpoint inhibitorsProgression-free survivalMaximum tolerated dosePhase I studyRenal cell carcinomaDose levelsCell carcinomaClinical outcomesEfficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitorsMetastatic renal cell carcinoma patientsModulation of immune pathwaysImmune checkpoint inhibitor therapyStandard-of-care treatmentIMDC risk groupsPlanned dose levelsCombination of nivolumabDose-limiting toxicityDose-escalation designDose-escalation studyECOG performance statusDose-finding studyGut microbiomeCheckpoint inhibitorsDose escalationSurvival of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma with or without brain metastases.
Hurwitz M, Considine B, Hasson N, Savion Gaiger N, Nelson M, Chiang V, Kluger H, Braun D, Schoenfeld D, Sznol M, Leapman M. Survival of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma with or without brain metastases. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2025, 43: 476-476. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2025.43.5_suppl.476.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMetastatic renal cell carcinomaImmune checkpoint inhibitorsClear cell RCCRenal cell carcinomaImmune checkpoint inhibitor therapyMetastatic clear cell RCCBrain metastasesOverall survivalCell carcinomaImmune checkpoint inhibitor eraPrevalence of brain metastasesMultivariate Cox proportional hazards modelAssociated with poor survivalMedian overall survivalAssociated with poor prognosisCompare overall survivalImproved overall survivalAdverse prognostic indicatorDevelopment of BMSurvival of patientsKaplan-Meier analysisYale Cancer CenterRetrospective cohort studyCox proportional hazards modelsProportional hazards modelA comprehensive evaluation of gene expression-based signatures for detecting tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).
Saad E, El Ahmar N, Simsek B, Jegede O, Matar S, Mohanna R, Yekeduz E, McDermott D, Plimack E, Sosman J, Haas N, Hurwitz M, Hammers H, Van Allen E, Choueiri T, Atkins M, Signoretti S, Braun D. A comprehensive evaluation of gene expression-based signatures for detecting tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2025, 43: 591-591. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2025.43.5_suppl.591.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMetastatic renal cell carcinomaMature tertiary lymphoid structuresTertiary lymphoid structuresTLS signatureArea under the receiver operating characteristicSignature scoreGene set variation analysisExpression-based signaturesCD8 densityStaining of tumor sectionsTertiary lymphoid structure densityResponse to immunotherapyTreatment naive patientsGene signature scoresGene expression-based signaturesRenal cell carcinomaSpearman correlationGene expression signaturesReceiver operating characteristicPrimary tumorAlternative diagnostic toolCell carcinomaTumor sectionsLymphoid structuresLymphoid aggregatesModeling survival outcomes of KEYNOTE-564 with standard of care control arm treatment: A simulation study.
Ghali F, Rahman S, James S. Modeling survival outcomes of KEYNOTE-564 with standard of care control arm treatment: A simulation study. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2025, 43: 517-517. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2025.43.5_suppl.517.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchStandard of careKEYNOTE-564KEYNOTE-426Renal cell carcinomaCheckpoint inhibitorsUnadjusted hazard ratioOverall survivalControl armHazard ratioPatient-level survival dataFirst-line settingImproved overall survivalProportion of patientsKaplan-Meier plotsMortality riskSurvival parametersControl group patientsOne-year mortality riskCell carcinomaFirst-lineSurvival outcomesControl patientsGroup patientsSurvival curvesArm treatmentMetabolic determinants of exceptional response to immune checkpoint inhibition in renal cell carcinoma.
Saliby R, Labaki C, Jammihal T, Soulati H, Gallegos J, Peris A, McCurry D, Shah V, Poduval D, El Zarif T, El Ahmar N, Nabil Laimon Y, Bagheri Sheshdeh A, Eid M, Krajewski K, Signoretti S, Van Allen E, Shukla S, Choueiri T, Braun D. Metabolic determinants of exceptional response to immune checkpoint inhibition in renal cell carcinoma. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2025, 43: 571-571. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2025.43.5_suppl.571.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchProgression-free survivalImmune checkpoint inhibitorsRenal cell carcinomaComplete responsePartial responseProgressive diseaseWhole-exome sequencingMetabolic gene signatureOverall survivalVEGF inhibitorsCell carcinomaGene set enrichment analysisER patientsSignature scorePatients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitorsResponse to immune checkpoint inhibitionResponse to ICIExceptional responseAdvanced clear cell renal cell carcinomaProgression-free survival predictorsProlonged progression-free survivalMetastatic renal cell carcinomaMultivariate Cox proportional hazards analysisGene signaturePhase III clinical trialsAssociation between PD-1 expression on tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells and resistance to first-line nivolumab in advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma: Insights from the HCRN GU16-260 clinical trial.
Mohanna R, Simsek B, El Ahmar N, Jegede O, Matar S, Paul M, Nabil Laimon Y, Roberti De Oliveira G, Delcea A, Choueiri T, Braun D, Haas N, Hammers H, Bilen M, Stein M, Sosman J, Wu C, McDermott D, Atkins M, Signoretti S. Association between PD-1 expression on tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells and resistance to first-line nivolumab in advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma: Insights from the HCRN GU16-260 clinical trial. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2025, 43: 590-590. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2025.43.5_suppl.590.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAdvanced clear cell renal cell carcinomaClear cell renal cell carcinomaProgression-free survivalPD-1 expressionTumor-infiltrating TregsCell renal cell carcinomaRegulatory T cellsPD-1Renal cell carcinomaClinical trialsCell carcinomaT cellsEfficacy of PD-1 blockadeInhibition of PD-1 signalingLevel of PD-1 expressionShorter median progression-free survivalTumor-infiltrating regulatory T cellsAssociated with progression-free survivalMedian progression-free survivalPercentage of PD-1First-line nivolumabFirst-line settingPD-1 blockadePD-1 signalingLog-rank testA neoantigen vaccine generates antitumour immunity in renal cell carcinoma
Braun D, Moranzoni G, Chea V, McGregor B, Blass E, Tu C, Vanasse A, Forman C, Forman J, Afeyan A, Schindler N, Liu Y, Li S, Southard J, Chang S, Hirsch M, LeBoeuf N, Olive O, Mehndiratta A, Greenslade H, Shetty K, Klaeger S, Sarkizova S, Pedersen C, Mossanen M, Carulli I, Tarren A, Duke-Cohan J, Howard A, Iorgulescu J, Shim B, Simon J, Signoretti S, Aster J, Elagina L, Carr S, Leshchiner I, Getz G, Gabriel S, Hacohen N, Olsen L, Oliveira G, Neuberg D, Livak K, Shukla S, Fritsch E, Wu C, Keskin D, Ott P, Choueiri T. A neoantigen vaccine generates antitumour immunity in renal cell carcinoma. Nature 2025, 639: 474-482. PMID: 39910301, PMCID: PMC11903305, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08507-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedAntigens, NeoplasmCancer VaccinesCarcinoma, Renal CellClass I Phosphatidylinositol 3-KinasesDNA-Binding ProteinsFemaleHumansIpilimumabKidney NeoplasmsMaleMiddle AgedMutationPrecision MedicineT-LymphocytesTranscription FactorsTumor Suppressor ProteinsUbiquitin ThiolesteraseVon Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor ProteinConceptsPersonalized cancer vaccinesRenal cell carcinomaDriver mutationsAntitumour immunityCell carcinomaI trialResected clear cell renal cell carcinomaImmune responseT cell immune responsesClear cell renal cell carcinomaHigh-risk RCCDose-limiting toxicityLow mutational burdenCell renal cell carcinomaEffective adjuvant therapyPhase I trialT cell reactivityAbsence of recurrenceCirculating immune responsesCell immune responseAutologous tumorNeoantigen vaccinesCancer vaccinesAdjuvant therapyMutational burdenA Call for a Neoadjuvant Kidney Cancer Consortium: Lessons Learned from Other Cancer Types
Bex A, Jewett M, Lewis B, Abel E, Albiges L, Berg S, Bratslavsky G, Braun D, Brugarolas J, Choueiri T, Finelli A, George D, Haas N, Hakimi A, Hammers H, Hirsch M, Jonasch E, Kapur P, Linehan W, Master V, McGregor B, McKay R, Mehra R, Pal S, Poteat S, Powles T, Rossi S, Shapiro D, Signoretti S, Singer E, Stravin C, Tannir N, Vaishampayan U, Xu W, Stewart G. A Call for a Neoadjuvant Kidney Cancer Consortium: Lessons Learned from Other Cancer Types. European Urology 2025, 87: 385-389. PMID: 39855942, DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2025.01.007.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPostoperative Radiotherapy ± Cetuximab for Intermediate-Risk Head and Neck Cancer.
Machtay M, Torres-Saavedra P, Thorstad W, Nguyen-Tân P, Siu L, Holsinger F, El-Naggar A, Chung C, Cmelak A, Burtness B, Bednarz G, Quon H, Breen S, Gwede C, Dicker A, Yao M, Jordan R, Dorth J, Lee N, Chan J, Dunlap N, Bar-Ad V, Stokes W, Chakravarti A, Sher D, Rao S, Harris J, Yom S, Le Q, Bar-Ad V, Bednarz G, Bowles D, Breen S, Burtness B, Chakravarti A, Chan J, Chung C, Cmelak A, Dicker A, Dorth J, Dunlap N, El-Naggar A, Gwede C, Harris J, Holsinger F, Jones C, Jordan R, Krempl G, Le Q, Lee N, Lominska C, Ma D, Machtay M, Mell L, Nguyen-Tan P, Quon H, Raben A, Rao S, Samuels S, Sher D, Siu L, Spencer S, Stokes W, Takiar V, Thorstad W, Torres-Saavedra P, Wilke C, Yao M, Yom S, Young M. Postoperative Radiotherapy ± Cetuximab for Intermediate-Risk Head and Neck Cancer. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2025, jco2401829. PMID: 39841939, DOI: 10.1200/jco-24-01829.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDisease-free survivalOverall survivalToxicity ratesEpidermal growth factor receptor expressionGrowth factor receptor expressionHead and neck cancerHPV-negative diseaseIntermediate-risk cancerIntensity-modulated RTStratified log-rank testAcute toxicity ratesSecondary end pointsOral cavity cancerSquamous cell carcinomaLog-rank testHead and neckLong-term toxicityBenefit of RTFisher's exact testPostoperative RTCell carcinomaReceptor expressionNeck cancerOral cavityRadiotherapyProgressive natural killer cell dysfunction in advanced-stage clear-cell renal cell carcinoma and association with clinical outcomes
Xu W, Birch G, Meliki A, Moritz V, Bharadwaj M, Schindler N, Labaki C, Saliby R, Dinh K, Horst J, Sun M, Kashima S, Hugaboom M, Dighe A, Machaalani M, Lee G, Hurwitz M, McGregor B, Hirsch M, Shukla S, McDermott D, Signoretti S, Romee R, Choueiri T, Braun D. Progressive natural killer cell dysfunction in advanced-stage clear-cell renal cell carcinoma and association with clinical outcomes. ESMO Open 2025, 10: 104105. PMID: 39813824, PMCID: PMC11783098, DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2024.104105.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsClear-cell renal cell carcinomaAdvanced clear-cell renal cell carcinomaNK cell phenotypeNK cell functionNK cellsRenal cell carcinomaClinical outcomesCell carcinomaCell phenotypeRestoration of NK cell functionNormal kidneyNatural killer (NK) cellsMarkers of tissue residencyNatural killer cell dysfunctionAssociated with worse overall survivalClear-cell renal cell carcinoma patientsLocalized clear-cell renal cell carcinomaTumor-infiltrating NK cellsAnalyzed single-cell RNA sequencing dataAssociated with worse survivalExpression of cytotoxic genesPaired normal kidneyLocal tumor extensionNK cell subsetsPrimary tumor specimensImmunogenomic determinants of exceptional response to immune checkpoint inhibition in renal cell carcinoma
Jammihal T, Saliby R, Labaki C, Soulati H, Gallegos J, Peris A, McCurry D, Yu C, Shah V, Poduval D, El Zarif T, El Ahmar N, Laimon Y, Eid M, Sheshdeh A, Krajewski K, Büttner F, Schwab M, Heng D, Casellas R, Rai K, Zacharias Millward N, Msaouel P, Karam J, Signoretti S, Van Allen E, Choueiri T, Braun D, Shukla S. Immunogenomic determinants of exceptional response to immune checkpoint inhibition in renal cell carcinoma. Nature Cancer 2025, 6: 372-384. PMID: 39789182, PMCID: PMC12121501, DOI: 10.1038/s43018-024-00896-w.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTertiary lymphoid structuresVascular endothelial growth factorRenal cell carcinomaCell carcinomaCytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 inhibitorsResponse to immune checkpoint inhibitionExceptional responseMetastatic clear cell renal cell carcinomaStandard-of-care immunotherapiesTertiary lymphoid structure formationCytotoxic T cell responsesClear cell renal cell carcinomaIO-based treatmentsTreatment-naive personsImmune checkpoint inhibitionImmune checkpoint inhibitorsCell renal cell carcinomaT cell responsesT-cell-directedEndothelial growth factorCell death proteinAntitumor immunityCheckpoint inhibitionCheckpoint inhibitorsNeoantigen load
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