2025
Debate 1: Radical Prostatectomy For the Right Patient With High-Risk Prostate Cancer
Sundaresan V, Leapman M. Debate 1: Radical Prostatectomy For the Right Patient With High-Risk Prostate Cancer. Seminars In Radiation Oncology 2025, 35: 385-392. PMID: 40516973, DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2025.05.001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAndrogen deprivation therapyRadical prostatectomyProstate cancerDeprivation therapyHigh riskEffect of long-term androgen-deprivation therapyLong-term androgen deprivation therapyAdequate randomized clinical trialsLong-term cancer controlHigh-risk prostate cancerRisk of gastrointestinal toxicityDisease-related survivalProportion of patientsDegrees of metastatic potentialResponse to treatmentRandomized clinical trialsCourse of treatmentSequence of surgeryLocal salvageRadiation therapySecondary malignanciesGastrointestinal toxicityInitial surgeryMultimodal treatmentHealth-related quality of lifeDiabetes Deprescribing in Older Adults
Grant R, Peterson I, McCloskey J, Lipska K, Nugent J, Karter A, Gilliam L. Diabetes Deprescribing in Older Adults. JAMA Internal Medicine 2025, 185 PMID: 40549370, PMCID: PMC12186576, DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.2015.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPrimary care physiciansType 2 diabetesMedication deprescribingParticipating primary care physiciansAD sessionsOlder patientsRandomized clinical trialsDeprescribing ratesCompare physiciansCare physiciansDeprescribing strategiesOlder AdultsDeprescribingMain OutcomesPrevisitSevere hypoglycemia episodesPrimary outcomeClinical trialsHemoglobin A1cActive armMonths of follow-upStatistically significant differencePhysiciansDiabetesFollow-upLate Permissive Hypercapnia for Mechanically Ventilated Preterm Infants: A Randomized Trial
Travers C, Gentle S, Shukla V, Aban I, Yee A, Armstead K, Benz R, Laney D, Ambalavanan N, Carlo W. Late Permissive Hypercapnia for Mechanically Ventilated Preterm Infants: A Randomized Trial. Pediatric Pulmonology 2025, 60: e71165. PMID: 40525736, PMCID: PMC12172392, DOI: 10.1002/ppul.71165.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPostnatal day 7Permissive hypercapniaPreterm infantsInstitutional review boardDay 7Ventilator-freeMechanically ventilated preterm infantsSingle-center randomized clinical trialReduced mechanical ventilation durationWeeks postmenstrual ageMechanical ventilation durationRespiratory distress syndromeVentilator-free daysRandomized clinical trialsPostmenstrual ageGestational ageWeeks gestationDistress syndromeVentilation durationBirth weightLung protectionRandomized trialsClinical trialsPrimary outcomeInfantsMulti-center randomized superiority clinical trial in the early phase of mechanically ventilated patients to preserve diaphragm thickness using non-invasive magnetic phrenic nerve stimulation: STIMIT ACTIVATOR 1 pivotal trial
Schreiber A, Subirà C, Sklar M, Santos M, Ko M, Panelli A, Schaller S, Theodore D, Rowley D, Watson D, Bonde P, Baedorf Kassis E, Talmor D, Ranieri M, Goligher E, Slutsky A, Brochard L. Multi-center randomized superiority clinical trial in the early phase of mechanically ventilated patients to preserve diaphragm thickness using non-invasive magnetic phrenic nerve stimulation: STIMIT ACTIVATOR 1 pivotal trial. Trials 2025, 26: 202. PMID: 40500715, PMCID: PMC12153206, DOI: 10.1186/s13063-025-08838-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsVentilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunctionPhrenic nerve stimulationMechanically ventilated patientsIntensive care unitNerve stimulationMechanical ventilationClinical trialsProcedure-related adverse eventsMagnetic phrenic nerve stimulationProlonged ventilatory dependencySevere chronic pulmonary diseaseRandomized multi-center studyDiaphragm thicknessMuscle thicknessMaximal inspiratory pressureMulti-center randomized clinical trialChronic pulmonary diseaseRandomized clinical trialsMeasure diaphragm thicknessMulti-center studyRandomized superiority clinical trialInvasive electrical stimulationVentilatory dependenceDiaphragmatic dysfunctionSuperiority clinical trialIntravenous Glyburide in Medical and Endovascular‐Treated Large‐Core Stroke: A Subgroup Analysis of the CHARM Randomized Clinical Trial
Kimberly W, Saver J, Campbell B, Albers G, Molyneaux B, Hinson H, Rocha M, Mittal S, Bacchi S, Sharma G, Cordonnier C, Steiner T, Toyoda K, Wintermark M, Nogueira R, Jacobson S, Simard J, Sheth K. Intravenous Glyburide in Medical and Endovascular‐Treated Large‐Core Stroke: A Subgroup Analysis of the CHARM Randomized Clinical Trial. Annals Of Neurology 2025 PMID: 40476628, DOI: 10.1002/ana.27268.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchRandomized clinical trialsIntravenous glyburideClinical trialsBaseline National Institutes of Health Stroke ScaleEndovascular thrombectomyNational Institutes of Health Stroke ScaleBaseline core volumeBaseline stroke volumeEfficacy of i.Health Stroke ScaleComputed tomography perfusionModified Rankin ScaleTissue plasminogen activatorPost-hocPost hoc studyPost hoc analysisMagnetic resonance imagingPrimary endpointCHARM trialMidline shiftStroke ScaleFavorable outcomeTreatment armsSubgroup analysisRankin ScalePrior Expectations of Volatility Following Psychotherapy for Delusions
Sheffield J, Sloan A, Corlett P, Rogers B, Vandekar S, Liu J, Beals K, Hall L, Gautier T, Moussa-Tooks A, Torregrossa L, Achee M, Armstrong K, Woodward N, Belt K, Freeman D, Isham L, Diamond R, Brinen A, Heckers S. Prior Expectations of Volatility Following Psychotherapy for Delusions. JAMA Network Open 2025, 8: e2517132. PMID: 40553472, PMCID: PMC12188364, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.17132.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDelusion severityPersecutory delusionsPrefrontal cortexBrain activityStandard careProbabilistic reversal learning taskPsychotic Symptom Rating ScalesCommunity mental health centerBlood oxygenation level-dependent signal changesFunctional magnetic resonance imagingRandomized clinical trialsReversal learning taskCognitive behavioral therapyModels of delusionsMental health centerBelief update taskSymptom Rating ScaleIntention-to-treat analysisCaudate activationAntipsychotic medicationAssociated with clinical improvementDelusional disorderSchizophrenia spectrumBehavioral therapyHealth centersPrognostic and Predictive Insights From Genomic Assays for Breast Cancer in Diverse Populations
Abdou Y, Kantor O, Racz J, Newman L, Pierce L, Winer E. Prognostic and Predictive Insights From Genomic Assays for Breast Cancer in Diverse Populations. JAMA Oncology 2025, 11: 655-663. PMID: 40178824, DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2025.0178.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEthnic disparitiesBreast cancer mortality ratesBreast cancerGenomic assaysCancer mortality ratesBiological characteristics of tumorsPredictive valueDiverse populationsGenomic assay resultsBreast cancer outcomesPersonalized clinical decision-makingBasal-like subtypeAggressive tumor phenotypeBreast cancer recurrenceCharacteristics of tumorsRandomized clinical trialsEthnic groupsSocial determinantsClinical decision-makingMultigene assaysLuminal BCancer outcomesDistribution of risk estimatesSurvival outcomesMolecular subtypesDepressive Personality Vulnerability and Adaptation to Breast Cancer: A Matter of Self‐Criticism?
Shahar G, Aslan C, Rüdiger Z, Elmar B, Globus O, Beutel M. Depressive Personality Vulnerability and Adaptation to Breast Cancer: A Matter of Self‐Criticism? Stress And Health 2025, 41: e70054. PMID: 40448936, DOI: 10.1002/smi.70054.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSelf-criticismPersonal vulnerabilitySupportive-expressive psychodynamic psychotherapyDepressive personality vulnerabilitySymptoms of depressionPsychodynamic psychotherapyPersonality dimensionsComorbid depressionAdaptive outcomesRandomized clinical trialsDepressionRank-orderConfounding roleGeneralized linear modelSymptomatic loadPersonal resilienceBreast cancerIllness managementDiagnosis of breast cancerSymptomsBreast symptomsPsychotherapyAnxietyNo effectVulnerabilityPeer online motivational interviewing and affirmative care for sexual and gender minority men who are survivors of sexual trauma: A randomized clinical trial
Cook J, Ellis A, Simiola V, Martino S, Bellamy C, O'Connell M, Livingston N. Peer online motivational interviewing and affirmative care for sexual and gender minority men who are survivors of sexual trauma: A randomized clinical trial. Journal Of Traumatic Stress 2025 PMID: 40444426, DOI: 10.1002/jts.23170.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSurvivors of sexual traumaSexual traumaMotivational interviewingPosttraumatic stress disorder symptomsReducing posttraumatic stress disorder symptomsStress disorder symptomsMental health service utilizationMental health treatmentGender minority menTrained peersEffectiveness of motivational interviewingAffirming careMental health servicesDisorder symptomsPsychiatric symptomsRandomized clinical trialsHealth care seekingBetween-group differencesHealth service utilizationHealth treatmentMinority stressOnline group sessionsMinority menCare-seekingService utilizationCombined Smoking Cessation and Alcohol Abstinence Treatment for People Experiencing Homelessness: A Randomized Trial
Onigbogi O, Pratt R, Luo X, Everson-Rose S, Cooney N, Specker S, Thomas J, Okuyemi K. Combined Smoking Cessation and Alcohol Abstinence Treatment for People Experiencing Homelessness: A Randomized Trial. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2025, ntaf085. PMID: 40375387, DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntaf085.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPoint prevalence smoking abstinenceAlcohol useSmoking abstinenceCombined smoking cessationAlcohol abstinenceWeeks post-interventionSmoking cessationHazardous alcohol useUsual careUrban homeless shelterPost-interventionCessation outcomesBio-behavioral interventionSmoking outcomesAbstinence treatmentAbstinenceBiobehavioral interventionsHomeless sheltersHomelessnessIntervention groupPrimary hypothesisRandomized clinical trialsSmoking combustible cigarettesSecondary hypothesisAlcoholStatus epilepticus in older adults: A critical review
Woodward M, Armahizer M, Wang T, Badjatia N, Johnson E, Gilmore E. Status epilepticus in older adults: A critical review. Epilepsia 2025 PMID: 40365943, DOI: 10.1111/epi.18453.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchEstablished Status Epilepticus Treatment TrialStatus epilepticusOlder adultsTreatment trialsMortality associated with SEIncidence of status epilepticusAssociated with poor outcomesSensitivity to benzodiazepinesMen aged >Analysis of older adultsPhysiologic changes of agingAdults aged <Incidence of SERandomized clinical trialsEfficacy of treatmentPost hoc analysisHigh morbidityPoor outcomeAntiseizure medicationsEstablished treatmentTreatment selectionChanges of agingOlder trialsHigher incidenceIncidence increasesPsychosocial Management of First-Episode Psychosis and Schizophrenia: Synopsis of the US Department of Veterans Affairs and US Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guidelines
Niv N, Issa F, Goldberg R, Khandekar P, McGraw K, Reston J, Ford S, Katz I, Resnick S. Psychosocial Management of First-Episode Psychosis and Schizophrenia: Synopsis of the US Department of Veterans Affairs and US Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guidelines. Schizophrenia Bulletin 2025, sbaf035. PMID: 40353586, DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaf035.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchClinical practice guidelinesVeterans AffairsVA/DOD Clinical Practice GuidelineFirst-episode psychosisPractice guidelinesUS Department of Veterans AffairsDevelopment of clinical practice guidelinesDepartment of Veterans AffairsPrimary care providersGuidelines Working GroupExpansion of treatmentDepartment of DefenseRehabilitation recommendationsCare providersMental healthPsychosocial managementRecommendations AssessmentInterdisciplinary panelSystematic reviewVA/DoDMeta-analysesRandomized clinical trialsComprehensive searchCritical outcomesTreatment recommendationsInitiating Injectable Buprenorphine in People Hospitalized With Infections
Seval N, Roth P, Frank C, Di Paola A, Litwin A, Vander Wyk B, Neirinckx V, Schlossberg E, Lawson P, Strong M, Schade M, Nunez J, Levin F, Brady K, Nunes E, Springer S. Initiating Injectable Buprenorphine in People Hospitalized With Infections. JAMA Network Open 2025, 8: e2513000. PMID: 40445619, PMCID: PMC12125644, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.13000.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLong-acting buprenorphineOpioid use disorderReceipt of MOUDRandomized clinical trialsTAU armIntent-to-treat outcomesClinical trialsModerate to severe opioid use disorderSevere opioid use disorderProportion of patientsMultisite randomized clinical trialHospital settingStatistically significant differenceNursing case management servicesInfectious diseasesTAU groupMedian ageMedication management interventionCase management servicesInjectable buprenorphineHospitalization periodPrimary outcomeBaseline valuesInitiate MOUDMOUD receiptWearable Intervention for Alcohol Use Risk and Sleep in Young Adults
Fucito L, Ash G, Wu R, Pittman B, Barnett N, Li C, Redeker N, O’Malley S, DeMartini K. Wearable Intervention for Alcohol Use Risk and Sleep in Young Adults. JAMA Network Open 2025, 8: e2513167. PMID: 40445615, PMCID: PMC12125640, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.13167.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSleep-related impairmentWorld Health OrganizationSecondary outcomesPrimary outcomeSelf-monitoringSleep-related impairment scoresSleep disturbanceYoung adultsSleep healthWearable feedbackRandomized clinical trialsExploratory outcomesPrevalence of alcohol use disordersAt-risk drinkingIntention-to-treat approachTechnology-based interventionsRisk level reductionMeasures of sleep healthOutcomes of sleep disturbancesSmartphone self-monitoringControl A groupWeek 4Heavy drinking occasionsIntervention groupAlcohol use riskAntithrombotic Trends Before and After Publication of Randomized Clinical Trials in Cervical Artery Dissection: A Secondary Analysis of the STOP‐CAD Study
Penckofer M, Shu L, Strelecky L, Yaghi S, Henninger N, Muppa J, Bakradze E, Heldner M, Antonenko K, Salehi Omran S, Seiffge D, Arnold M, Zedde M, Zubair A, Marto J, Ghannam M, Engelter S, Traenka C, Mac Grory B, Kam W, Elnazeir M, Romoli M, Saleh Velez F, Siegler J. Antithrombotic Trends Before and After Publication of Randomized Clinical Trials in Cervical Artery Dissection: A Secondary Analysis of the STOP‐CAD Study. Stroke Vascular And Interventional Neurology 2025, 5 DOI: 10.1161/svin.125.001728.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAcute cervical artery dissectionCervical artery dissectionBaseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scoreNational Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scoreAnticoagulant useVertebral artery involvementArtery dissectionRandomized clinical trialsStroke Scale scoreOral anticoagulantsArtery involvementClinical trialsDuration of oral anticoagulationMultinational observational cohort studyRate of anticoagulationTreated with anticoagulationOral anticoagulant useScale scorePublications of randomized clinical trialsObservational cohort studyMultivariate logistic regressionClinical practice dataPresence of infarctionSecondary analysisPartially occlusive thrombiEnzalutamide and Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels in Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Azad A, Petrylak D, Iguchi T, Shore N, Villers A, Gomez-Veiga F, Alcaraz A, Alekseev B, Szmulewitz R, Holzbeierlein J, Rosbrook B, Ma J, Zohren F, El-Chaar N, Haas G, Stenzl A, Armstrong A. Enzalutamide and Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels in Metastatic Prostate Cancer. JAMA Network Open 2025, 8: e258751. PMID: 40332939, PMCID: PMC12059972, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.8751.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMetastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancerProstate-specific antigen levelRadiographic progression-free survivalUndetectable prostate-specific antigenAndrogen deprivation therapyProstate-specific antigenProstate-specific antigen declineClinical outcomesOverall survivalProstate cancerClinical trialsHazard ratioPatients treated with enzalutamideHormone-sensitive prostate cancerPhase 3 randomized clinical trialAssociated with improved survivalStudy enrollmentProgression-free survivalMetastatic prostate cancerRadiographic disease progressionClinical end pointsPost hoc secondary analysisRandomized clinical trialsReduced riskSecondary analysisSafety of Stimulants Across Patient Populations
Oliva H, Prudente T, Mayerson T, Mignosa M, Oliva I, Potenza M, Jegede O, Angarita G. Safety of Stimulants Across Patient Populations. JAMA Network Open 2025, 8: e259492. PMID: 40343695, PMCID: PMC12065045, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.9492.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderRandomized clinical trialsAdverse eventsStimulant medicationData extractionSafety of stimulationRisk ratioIncreased riskMethodological quality assessmentPreferred Reporting ItemsPatient populationClinical conditionsDiverse patient populationsRisk of biasSafety of stimulant medicationsUnclear risk of biasTreatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderOverall AEsRandom-effects modelWeb of ScienceBinge eating disorderStimulant use disorderComprehensive literature searchMain OutcomesReporting ItemsDifferent Responses to Blood Pressure Reduction in Lobar and Deep Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Clocchiatti-Tuozzo S, Rivier C, Qureshi A, Renedo D, Huo S, Matouk C, Petersen N, de Havenon A, Sheth K, Rabinstein A, Falcone G, Hawkes M. Different Responses to Blood Pressure Reduction in Lobar and Deep Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Neurocritical Care 2025, 1-9. PMID: 40293696, DOI: 10.1007/s12028-025-02269-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchRenal adverse eventsDeep intracerebral hemorrhageIntensive BP reductionRisk of renal adverse eventsRisk of HEHematoma expansionBP reductionATACH-2Intracerebral hemorrhageLobar intracerebral hemorrhageFunctional outcomesAntihypertensive Treatment of Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage IIAcute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhageAcute intracerebral hemorrhageSpontaneous intracerebral hemorrhageAssociated with reduced riskUnfavorable functional outcomeBlood pressure reductionRandomized clinical trialsMultivariate logistic regression resultsPost hoc analysisAntihypertensive treatmentAdverse eventsClinical trialsIncreased riskComputational Phenomapping of Randomized Clinical Trial Participants to Enable Assessment of Their Real-World Representativeness and Personalized Inference
Thangaraj P, Oikonomou E, Dhingra L, Aminorroaya A, Jayaram R, Suchard M, Khera R. Computational Phenomapping of Randomized Clinical Trial Participants to Enable Assessment of Their Real-World Representativeness and Personalized Inference. Circulation Cardiovascular Quality And Outcomes 2025, 18: e011306. PMID: 40261065, PMCID: PMC12203226, DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.124.011306.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsElectronic health record patientElectronic health recordsDistance metricRandomized clinical trialsElectronic health record dataMachine learning methodsYale New Haven Health SystemElectronic health record cohortRandomized clinical trial participantsLearning methodsHeart failureClinical trial participationTOPCAT participantsReal worldMultidimensional metricRCT participantsHealth recordsTreatment effectsHealth systemCharacteristics of patientsRandomized clinical trial cohortsTrial participantsMetricsUnited StatesNovel statisticAdvancing patient evidence in XLH (APEX): rationale and design of a real-world XLH global data unification program
Brandi M, Carpenter T, Fukumoto S, Haffner D, Imel E, Kanematsu M, McCullough K, Ozono K. Advancing patient evidence in XLH (APEX): rationale and design of a real-world XLH global data unification program. Frontiers In Endocrinology 2025, 16: 1471127. PMID: 40260280, PMCID: PMC12009718, DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1471127.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsX-linked hypophosphatemiaRandomized clinical trialsExcessive fibroblast growth factor 23Human anti-FGF23 antibodyObservational studyPhosphate-regulating endopeptidase homologAnti-FGF23 antibodyFibroblast growth factor 23Renal phosphate wastingLong-term outcomesStudy of patientsLong-term observational studiesPatient-reported outcomesPatients evidenceOral phosphateDosing regimensBone turnoverDental healthSerum phosphateChronic hypophosphatemiaClinical decision-makingPhosphate wastingPathogenic variantsClinical trialsGastrointestinal disturbances
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