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Gain-of-function Nav1.8 mutations in painful neuropathy. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2012, 109:19444-9.\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"}\"},{\"schemaName\":\"MedicalScholarlyArticle\",\"jsonData\":\"{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"MedicalScholarlyArticle\\\",\\\"publicationType\\\":\\\"Journal Article\\\",\\\"inLanguage\\\":\\\"en-US\\\",\\\"headline\\\":\\\"The Na(V)1.7 sodium channel: from molecule to man.\\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23232607\\\",\\\"author\\\":[{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"Person\\\",\\\"mainEntityOfPage\\\":{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"WebPage\\\",\\\"@id\\\":\\\"https://medicine.yale.edu/ysm/profile/stephen_waxman/\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"},\\\"name\\\":\\\"Stephen Waxman\\\",\\\"description\\\":\\\"Stephen G. Waxman, MD, PhD\\\\n \\\\n Stephen Waxman is the Bridget Flaherty Professor of Neurology, Neurobiology, and Pharmacology at Yale University, and served as Chairman of Neurology at Yale from 1986 until 2009. He founded the Neuroscience & Regeneration Research Center at Yale in 1988 and is its Director. Prior to moving to Yale, he worked at Harvard, MIT, and Stanford. He is a Visiting Professor at University College London. \\\\n \\\\n Dr. Waxman received his BA from Harvard, and his MD and PhD degrees from Albert Einstein College of Medicine. His research uses tools from the “molecular revolution” to find new therapies that will promote recovery of function after injury to the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. \\\\n Dr. Waxman’s first paper in Nature was published in 1970. His research has defined the ion channel architecture of nerve fibers, and demonstrated its importance for axonal conduction (Science, 1985). 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He has used atomic-level modeling to advance pharmacogenomics, first in the laboratory (Nature Comm., 2012), and then in the clinic in a paper (JAMA Neurology, 2016) that was accompanied by an editorial stating “there are still relatively few examples in medicine where molecular reasoning has been rewarded with a comparable degree of success”. An entirely new class of medications for neuropathic pain, based largely on his work, is currently in Phase II clinical trials.\\\\n \\\\n Dr. Waxman has published more than 700 scientific papers. His H-index is 109 and his papers have been cited more than 40,000 times. He has edited nine books, and is the author of Spinal Cord Compression and of Clinical Neuroanatomy (translated into eight languages). He has served on the editorial boards of many journals including Annals of Neurology, Brain, Journal of Physiology, Trends in Neurosciences, Nature Reviews Neurology, and Trends in Molecular Medicine, and is Editor-in-Chief of The Neuroscientist and Neuroscience Letters. He has trained more than 200 academic neurologists and neuroscientists who lead research teams around the world.\\\\n \\\\n A member of the National Academy of Medicine, Dr. Waxman has served on many advisory councils, including the Board of Scientific Counselors of NINDS. His many honors include the Tuve Award (NIH), the Distinguished Alumnus Award (Albert Einstein College of Medicine), the Dystel Prize and Wartenberg Award (American Academy of Neurology), the Middleton Award and the Magnuson Award from the Veterans Administration, and the Soriano Award from the American Neurological Association. 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Waxman, MD, PhD\\\\n \\\\n Stephen Waxman is the Bridget Flaherty Professor of Neurology, Neurobiology, and Pharmacology at Yale University, and served as Chairman of Neurology at Yale from 1986 until 2009. He founded the Neuroscience & Regeneration Research Center at Yale in 1988 and is its Director. Prior to moving to Yale, he worked at Harvard, MIT, and Stanford. He is a Visiting Professor at University College London. \\\\n \\\\n Dr. Waxman received his BA from Harvard, and his MD and PhD degrees from Albert Einstein College of Medicine. His research uses tools from the “molecular revolution” to find new therapies that will promote recovery of function after injury to the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. \\\\n Dr. Waxman’s first paper in Nature was published in 1970. His research has defined the ion channel architecture of nerve fibers, and demonstrated its importance for axonal conduction (Science, 1985). 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He has served on the editorial boards of many journals including Annals of Neurology, Brain, Journal of Physiology, Trends in Neurosciences, Nature Reviews Neurology, and Trends in Molecular Medicine, and is Editor-in-Chief of The Neuroscientist and Neuroscience Letters. He has trained more than 200 academic neurologists and neuroscientists who lead research teams around the world.\\\\n \\\\n A member of the National Academy of Medicine, Dr. Waxman has served on many advisory councils, including the Board of Scientific Counselors of NINDS. His many honors include the Tuve Award (NIH), the Distinguished Alumnus Award (Albert Einstein College of Medicine), the Dystel Prize and Wartenberg Award (American Academy of Neurology), the Middleton Award and the Magnuson Award from the Veterans Administration, and the Soriano Award from the American Neurological Association. 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Structural modelling and mutant cycle analysis predict pharmacoresponsiveness of a Na(V)1.7 mutant channel. Nature Communications 2012, 3:1186.\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"}\"},{\"schemaName\":\"MedicalScholarlyArticle\",\"jsonData\":\"{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"MedicalScholarlyArticle\\\",\\\"publicationType\\\":\\\"Journal Article\\\",\\\"inLanguage\\\":\\\"en-US\\\",\\\"headline\\\":\\\"Mechanisms of disease: sodium channels and neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis-current status.\\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18227822\\\",\\\"author\\\":[{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"Person\\\",\\\"mainEntityOfPage\\\":{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"WebPage\\\",\\\"@id\\\":\\\"https://medicine.yale.edu/ysm/profile/stephen_waxman/\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"},\\\"name\\\":\\\"Stephen Waxman\\\",\\\"description\\\":\\\"Stephen G. Waxman, MD, PhD\\\\n \\\\n Stephen Waxman is the Bridget Flaherty Professor of Neurology, Neurobiology, and Pharmacology at Yale University, and served as Chairman of Neurology at Yale from 1986 until 2009. He founded the Neuroscience & Regeneration Research Center at Yale in 1988 and is its Director. Prior to moving to Yale, he worked at Harvard, MIT, and Stanford. He is a Visiting Professor at University College London. \\\\n \\\\n Dr. Waxman received his BA from Harvard, and his MD and PhD degrees from Albert Einstein College of Medicine. His research uses tools from the “molecular revolution” to find new therapies that will promote recovery of function after injury to the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. \\\\n Dr. Waxman’s first paper in Nature was published in 1970. His research has defined the ion channel architecture of nerve fibers, and demonstrated its importance for axonal conduction (Science, 1985). 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He has used atomic-level modeling to advance pharmacogenomics, first in the laboratory (Nature Comm., 2012), and then in the clinic in a paper (JAMA Neurology, 2016) that was accompanied by an editorial stating “there are still relatively few examples in medicine where molecular reasoning has been rewarded with a comparable degree of success”. An entirely new class of medications for neuropathic pain, based largely on his work, is currently in Phase II clinical trials.\\\\n \\\\n Dr. Waxman has published more than 700 scientific papers. His H-index is 109 and his papers have been cited more than 40,000 times. He has edited nine books, and is the author of Spinal Cord Compression and of Clinical Neuroanatomy (translated into eight languages). 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Mechanisms of disease: sodium channels and neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis-current status. Nature Clinical Practice. Neurology 2008, 4:159-69.\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"}\"},{\"schemaName\":\"MedicalScholarlyArticle\",\"jsonData\":\"{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"MedicalScholarlyArticle\\\",\\\"publicationType\\\":\\\"Journal Article\\\",\\\"inLanguage\\\":\\\"en-US\\\",\\\"headline\\\":\\\"Multiple sodium channel isoforms and mitogen-activated protein kinases are present in painful human neuromas.\\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19107992\\\",\\\"author\\\":[{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"Person\\\",\\\"mainEntityOfPage\\\":{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"WebPage\\\",\\\"@id\\\":\\\"https://medicine.yale.edu/ysm/profile/stephen_waxman/\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"},\\\"name\\\":\\\"Stephen Waxman\\\",\\\"description\\\":\\\"Stephen G. Waxman, MD, PhD\\\\n \\\\n Stephen Waxman is the Bridget Flaherty Professor of Neurology, Neurobiology, and Pharmacology at Yale University, and served as Chairman of Neurology at Yale from 1986 until 2009. He founded the Neuroscience & Regeneration Research Center at Yale in 1988 and is its Director. Prior to moving to Yale, he worked at Harvard, MIT, and Stanford. He is a Visiting Professor at University College London. \\\\n \\\\n Dr. Waxman received his BA from Harvard, and his MD and PhD degrees from Albert Einstein College of Medicine. His research uses tools from the “molecular revolution” to find new therapies that will promote recovery of function after injury to the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. \\\\n Dr. Waxman’s first paper in Nature was published in 1970. His research has defined the ion channel architecture of nerve fibers, and demonstrated its importance for axonal conduction (Science, 1985). He demonstrated increased expression of sodium channels in demyelinated axons (Science, 1982), identified the channel isoforms responsible for this remarkable neuronal plasticity which supports remission in multiple sclerosis (PNAS, 2004), and delineated the roles of sodium channels in axonal degeneration (PNAS, 1993). He has made pivotal discoveries that explain pain after nerve injury. In translational leaps from laboratory to humans, he carried out molecule-to-man studies combining molecular genetics, molecular biology, and biophysics to demonstrate the contribution of ion channels to human pain (Trends in Molec.Med, 2005; PNAS, 2006). He led an international coalition that identified sodium channel mutations as causes of peripheral neuropathy (PNAS, 2012). He has used atomic-level modeling to advance pharmacogenomics, first in the laboratory (Nature Comm., 2012), and then in the clinic in a paper (JAMA Neurology, 2016) that was accompanied by an editorial stating “there are still relatively few examples in medicine where molecular reasoning has been rewarded with a comparable degree of success”. An entirely new class of medications for neuropathic pain, based largely on his work, is currently in Phase II clinical trials.\\\\n \\\\n Dr. Waxman has published more than 700 scientific papers. His H-index is 109 and his papers have been cited more than 40,000 times. He has edited nine books, and is the author of Spinal Cord Compression and of Clinical Neuroanatomy (translated into eight languages). He has served on the editorial boards of many journals including Annals of Neurology, Brain, Journal of Physiology, Trends in Neurosciences, Nature Reviews Neurology, and Trends in Molecular Medicine, and is Editor-in-Chief of The Neuroscientist and Neuroscience Letters. He has trained more than 200 academic neurologists and neuroscientists who lead research teams around the world.\\\\n \\\\n A member of the National Academy of Medicine, Dr. Waxman has served on many advisory councils, including the Board of Scientific Counselors of NINDS. His many honors include the Tuve Award (NIH), the Distinguished Alumnus Award (Albert Einstein College of Medicine), the Dystel Prize and Wartenberg Award (American Academy of Neurology), the Middleton Award and the Magnuson Award from the Veterans Administration, and the Soriano Award from the American Neurological Association. 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Multiple sodium channel isoforms and mitogen-activated protein kinases are present in painful human neuromas. Annals Of Neurology 2008, 64:644-53.\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"}\"},{\"schemaName\":\"MedicalScholarlyArticle\",\"jsonData\":\"{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"MedicalScholarlyArticle\\\",\\\"publicationType\\\":\\\"Journal Article\\\",\\\"inLanguage\\\":\\\"en-US\\\",\\\"headline\\\":\\\"Multiple sodium channels and their roles in electrogenesis within dorsal root ganglion neurons.\\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17158175\\\",\\\"author\\\":[{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"Person\\\",\\\"mainEntityOfPage\\\":{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"WebPage\\\",\\\"@id\\\":\\\"https://medicine.yale.edu/ysm/profile/stephen_waxman/\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"},\\\"name\\\":\\\"Stephen Waxman\\\",\\\"description\\\":\\\"Stephen G. Waxman, MD, PhD\\\\n \\\\n Stephen Waxman is the Bridget Flaherty Professor of Neurology, Neurobiology, and Pharmacology at Yale University, and served as Chairman of Neurology at Yale from 1986 until 2009. He founded the Neuroscience & Regeneration Research Center at Yale in 1988 and is its Director. Prior to moving to Yale, he worked at Harvard, MIT, and Stanford. He is a Visiting Professor at University College London. \\\\n \\\\n Dr. Waxman received his BA from Harvard, and his MD and PhD degrees from Albert Einstein College of Medicine. His research uses tools from the “molecular revolution” to find new therapies that will promote recovery of function after injury to the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. \\\\n Dr. Waxman’s first paper in Nature was published in 1970. His research has defined the ion channel architecture of nerve fibers, and demonstrated its importance for axonal conduction (Science, 1985). He demonstrated increased expression of sodium channels in demyelinated axons (Science, 1982), identified the channel isoforms responsible for this remarkable neuronal plasticity which supports remission in multiple sclerosis (PNAS, 2004), and delineated the roles of sodium channels in axonal degeneration (PNAS, 1993). He has made pivotal discoveries that explain pain after nerve injury. In translational leaps from laboratory to humans, he carried out molecule-to-man studies combining molecular genetics, molecular biology, and biophysics to demonstrate the contribution of ion channels to human pain (Trends in Molec.Med, 2005; PNAS, 2006). He led an international coalition that identified sodium channel mutations as causes of peripheral neuropathy (PNAS, 2012). 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He has served on the editorial boards of many journals including Annals of Neurology, Brain, Journal of Physiology, Trends in Neurosciences, Nature Reviews Neurology, and Trends in Molecular Medicine, and is Editor-in-Chief of The Neuroscientist and Neuroscience Letters. He has trained more than 200 academic neurologists and neuroscientists who lead research teams around the world.\\\\n \\\\n A member of the National Academy of Medicine, Dr. Waxman has served on many advisory councils, including the Board of Scientific Counselors of NINDS. His many honors include the Tuve Award (NIH), the Distinguished Alumnus Award (Albert Einstein College of Medicine), the Dystel Prize and Wartenberg Award (American Academy of Neurology), the Middleton Award and the Magnuson Award from the Veterans Administration, and the Soriano Award from the American Neurological Association. 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Multiple sodium channels and their roles in electrogenesis within dorsal root ganglion neurons. The Journal Of Physiology 2007, 579:1-14.\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"}\"},{\"schemaName\":\"MedicalScholarlyArticle\",\"jsonData\":\"{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"MedicalScholarlyArticle\\\",\\\"publicationType\\\":\\\"Journal Article\\\",\\\"inLanguage\\\":\\\"en-US\\\",\\\"headline\\\":\\\"Channel, neuronal and clinical function in sodium channelopathies: from genotype to phenotype.\\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17387329\\\",\\\"author\\\":[{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"Person\\\",\\\"mainEntityOfPage\\\":{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"WebPage\\\",\\\"@id\\\":\\\"https://medicine.yale.edu/ysm/profile/stephen_waxman/\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"},\\\"name\\\":\\\"Stephen Waxman\\\",\\\"description\\\":\\\"Stephen G. Waxman, MD, PhD\\\\n \\\\n Stephen Waxman is the Bridget Flaherty Professor of Neurology, Neurobiology, and Pharmacology at Yale University, and served as Chairman of Neurology at Yale from 1986 until 2009. He founded the Neuroscience & Regeneration Research Center at Yale in 1988 and is its Director. Prior to moving to Yale, he worked at Harvard, MIT, and Stanford. He is a Visiting Professor at University College London. \\\\n \\\\n Dr. Waxman received his BA from Harvard, and his MD and PhD degrees from Albert Einstein College of Medicine. His research uses tools from the “molecular revolution” to find new therapies that will promote recovery of function after injury to the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. \\\\n Dr. Waxman’s first paper in Nature was published in 1970. His research has defined the ion channel architecture of nerve fibers, and demonstrated its importance for axonal conduction (Science, 1985). He demonstrated increased expression of sodium channels in demyelinated axons (Science, 1982), identified the channel isoforms responsible for this remarkable neuronal plasticity which supports remission in multiple sclerosis (PNAS, 2004), and delineated the roles of sodium channels in axonal degeneration (PNAS, 1993). He has made pivotal discoveries that explain pain after nerve injury. In translational leaps from laboratory to humans, he carried out molecule-to-man studies combining molecular genetics, molecular biology, and biophysics to demonstrate the contribution of ion channels to human pain (Trends in Molec.Med, 2005; PNAS, 2006). He led an international coalition that identified sodium channel mutations as causes of peripheral neuropathy (PNAS, 2012). He has used atomic-level modeling to advance pharmacogenomics, first in the laboratory (Nature Comm., 2012), and then in the clinic in a paper (JAMA Neurology, 2016) that was accompanied by an editorial stating “there are still relatively few examples in medicine where molecular reasoning has been rewarded with a comparable degree of success”. An entirely new class of medications for neuropathic pain, based largely on his work, is currently in Phase II clinical trials.\\\\n \\\\n Dr. Waxman has published more than 700 scientific papers. His H-index is 109 and his papers have been cited more than 40,000 times. He has edited nine books, and is the author of Spinal Cord Compression and of Clinical Neuroanatomy (translated into eight languages). He has served on the editorial boards of many journals including Annals of Neurology, Brain, Journal of Physiology, Trends in Neurosciences, Nature Reviews Neurology, and Trends in Molecular Medicine, and is Editor-in-Chief of The Neuroscientist and Neuroscience Letters. He has trained more than 200 academic neurologists and neuroscientists who lead research teams around the world.\\\\n \\\\n A member of the National Academy of Medicine, Dr. Waxman has served on many advisory councils, including the Board of Scientific Counselors of NINDS. His many honors include the Tuve Award (NIH), the Distinguished Alumnus Award (Albert Einstein College of Medicine), the Dystel Prize and Wartenberg Award (American Academy of Neurology), the Middleton Award and the Magnuson Award from the Veterans Administration, and the Soriano Award from the American Neurological Association. 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Channel, neuronal and clinical function in sodium channelopathies: from genotype to phenotype. Nature Neuroscience 2007, 10:405-9.\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"}\"},{\"schemaName\":\"MedicalScholarlyArticle\",\"jsonData\":\"{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"MedicalScholarlyArticle\\\",\\\"publicationType\\\":\\\"Journal Article\\\",\\\"inLanguage\\\":\\\"en-US\\\",\\\"headline\\\":\\\"Axonal conduction and injury in multiple sclerosis: the role of sodium channels.\\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17115075\\\",\\\"author\\\":[{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"Person\\\",\\\"mainEntityOfPage\\\":{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"WebPage\\\",\\\"@id\\\":\\\"https://medicine.yale.edu/ysm/profile/stephen_waxman/\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"},\\\"name\\\":\\\"Stephen Waxman\\\",\\\"description\\\":\\\"Stephen G. Waxman, MD, PhD\\\\n \\\\n Stephen Waxman is the Bridget Flaherty Professor of Neurology, Neurobiology, and Pharmacology at Yale University, and served as Chairman of Neurology at Yale from 1986 until 2009. He founded the Neuroscience & Regeneration Research Center at Yale in 1988 and is its Director. Prior to moving to Yale, he worked at Harvard, MIT, and Stanford. He is a Visiting Professor at University College London. \\\\n \\\\n Dr. Waxman received his BA from Harvard, and his MD and PhD degrees from Albert Einstein College of Medicine. His research uses tools from the “molecular revolution” to find new therapies that will promote recovery of function after injury to the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. \\\\n Dr. Waxman’s first paper in Nature was published in 1970. His research has defined the ion channel architecture of nerve fibers, and demonstrated its importance for axonal conduction (Science, 1985). 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He has used atomic-level modeling to advance pharmacogenomics, first in the laboratory (Nature Comm., 2012), and then in the clinic in a paper (JAMA Neurology, 2016) that was accompanied by an editorial stating “there are still relatively few examples in medicine where molecular reasoning has been rewarded with a comparable degree of success”. An entirely new class of medications for neuropathic pain, based largely on his work, is currently in Phase II clinical trials.\\\\n \\\\n Dr. Waxman has published more than 700 scientific papers. His H-index is 109 and his papers have been cited more than 40,000 times. He has edited nine books, and is the author of Spinal Cord Compression and of Clinical Neuroanatomy (translated into eight languages). He has served on the editorial boards of many journals including Annals of Neurology, Brain, Journal of Physiology, Trends in Neurosciences, Nature Reviews Neurology, and Trends in Molecular Medicine, and is Editor-in-Chief of The Neuroscientist and Neuroscience Letters. He has trained more than 200 academic neurologists and neuroscientists who lead research teams around the world.\\\\n \\\\n A member of the National Academy of Medicine, Dr. Waxman has served on many advisory councils, including the Board of Scientific Counselors of NINDS. His many honors include the Tuve Award (NIH), the Distinguished Alumnus Award (Albert Einstein College of Medicine), the Dystel Prize and Wartenberg Award (American Academy of Neurology), the Middleton Award and the Magnuson Award from the Veterans Administration, and the Soriano Award from the American Neurological Association. 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Axonal conduction and injury in multiple sclerosis: the role of sodium channels. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience 2006, 7:932-41.\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"}\"},{\"schemaName\":\"MedicalScholarlyArticle\",\"jsonData\":\"{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"MedicalScholarlyArticle\\\",\\\"publicationType\\\":\\\"Journal Article\\\",\\\"inLanguage\\\":\\\"en-US\\\",\\\"headline\\\":\\\"Pharmacotherapy for Pain in a Family With Inherited Erythromelalgia Guided by Genomic Analysis and Functional \\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27088781\\\",\\\"author\\\":[{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"Person\\\",\\\"mainEntityOfPage\\\":{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"WebPage\\\",\\\"@id\\\":\\\"https://medicine.yale.edu/ysm/profile/stephen_waxman/\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"},\\\"name\\\":\\\"Stephen Waxman\\\",\\\"description\\\":\\\"Stephen G. Waxman, MD, PhD\\\\n \\\\n Stephen Waxman is the Bridget Flaherty Professor of Neurology, Neurobiology, and Pharmacology at Yale University, and served as Chairman of Neurology at Yale from 1986 until 2009. He founded the Neuroscience & Regeneration Research Center at Yale in 1988 and is its Director. Prior to moving to Yale, he worked at Harvard, MIT, and Stanford. He is a Visiting Professor at University College London. \\\\n \\\\n Dr. Waxman received his BA from Harvard, and his MD and PhD degrees from Albert Einstein College of Medicine. His research uses tools from the “molecular revolution” to find new therapies that will promote recovery of function after injury to the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. \\\\n Dr. Waxman’s first paper in Nature was published in 1970. His research has defined the ion channel architecture of nerve fibers, and demonstrated its importance for axonal conduction (Science, 1985). He demonstrated increased expression of sodium channels in demyelinated axons (Science, 1982), identified the channel isoforms responsible for this remarkable neuronal plasticity which supports remission in multiple sclerosis (PNAS, 2004), and delineated the roles of sodium channels in axonal degeneration (PNAS, 1993). He has made pivotal discoveries that explain pain after nerve injury. In translational leaps from laboratory to humans, he carried out molecule-to-man studies combining molecular genetics, molecular biology, and biophysics to demonstrate the contribution of ion channels to human pain (Trends in Molec.Med, 2005; PNAS, 2006). He led an international coalition that identified sodium channel mutations as causes of peripheral neuropathy (PNAS, 2012). 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He has served on the editorial boards of many journals including Annals of Neurology, Brain, Journal of Physiology, Trends in Neurosciences, Nature Reviews Neurology, and Trends in Molecular Medicine, and is Editor-in-Chief of The Neuroscientist and Neuroscience Letters. He has trained more than 200 academic neurologists and neuroscientists who lead research teams around the world.\\\\n \\\\n A member of the National Academy of Medicine, Dr. Waxman has served on many advisory councils, including the Board of Scientific Counselors of NINDS. His many honors include the Tuve Award (NIH), the Distinguished Alumnus Award (Albert Einstein College of Medicine), the Dystel Prize and Wartenberg Award (American Academy of Neurology), the Middleton Award and the Magnuson Award from the Veterans Administration, and the Soriano Award from the American Neurological Association. He was honored in Great Britain with The Physiological Society’s Annual Prize, an accolade he shares with Nobel Prize laureates Andrew Huxley, John Eccles, and Alan Hodgkin. In 2018, Waxman received the Julius Axelrod Prize from the Society for Neuroscience. \\\\n 5-20-19\\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"https://medicine.yale.edu/ysm/profile/stephen_waxman/\\\",\\\"email\\\":\\\"stephen.waxman@yale.edu\\\",\\\"telephone\\\":\\\"+12039373802\\\",\\\"honorificSuffix\\\":[null,\\\"MD\\\",\\\"PhD\\\"],\\\"award\\\":[\\\"Julius Axelrod Prize 2018\\\",\\\"Soriano Award 2014\\\",\\\"Magnuson Award for Outstanding Achievements in Rehabilitation Research 2012\\\",\\\"W.I. McDonald Award, British Multiple Sclerosis Society 2009\\\",\\\"William S Middleton Award (highest scientific honor of the Dept of Veterans Affairs, presented at Ceremonies at the U.S. Capitol).\\\\r\\\\n 2009\\\",\\\"Annual Review Prize, The Physiological Society (Premier Award of the Society previous awardees include J.C. Eccles, A.F. 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Pharmacotherapy for Pain in a Family With Inherited Erythromelalgia Guided by Genomic Analysis and Functional Profiling. JAMA Neurology 2016, 73:659-67.\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"}\"},{\"schemaName\":\"MedicalScholarlyArticle\",\"jsonData\":\"{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"MedicalScholarlyArticle\\\",\\\"publicationType\\\":\\\"Journal Article\\\",\\\"inLanguage\\\":\\\"en-US\\\",\\\"headline\\\":\\\"Pharmacological reversal of a pain phenotype in iPSC-derived sensory neurons and patients with inherited eryth\\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27099175\\\",\\\"author\\\":[{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"Person\\\",\\\"mainEntityOfPage\\\":{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"WebPage\\\",\\\"@id\\\":\\\"https://medicine.yale.edu/ysm/profile/stephen_waxman/\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"},\\\"name\\\":\\\"Stephen Waxman\\\",\\\"description\\\":\\\"Stephen G. Waxman, MD, PhD\\\\n \\\\n Stephen Waxman is the Bridget Flaherty Professor of Neurology, Neurobiology, and Pharmacology at Yale University, and served as Chairman of Neurology at Yale from 1986 until 2009. He founded the Neuroscience & Regeneration Research Center at Yale in 1988 and is its Director. Prior to moving to Yale, he worked at Harvard, MIT, and Stanford. He is a Visiting Professor at University College London. \\\\n \\\\n Dr. Waxman received his BA from Harvard, and his MD and PhD degrees from Albert Einstein College of Medicine. His research uses tools from the “molecular revolution” to find new therapies that will promote recovery of function after injury to the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. \\\\n Dr. Waxman’s first paper in Nature was published in 1970. His research has defined the ion channel architecture of nerve fibers, and demonstrated its importance for axonal conduction (Science, 1985). 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He has used atomic-level modeling to advance pharmacogenomics, first in the laboratory (Nature Comm., 2012), and then in the clinic in a paper (JAMA Neurology, 2016) that was accompanied by an editorial stating “there are still relatively few examples in medicine where molecular reasoning has been rewarded with a comparable degree of success”. An entirely new class of medications for neuropathic pain, based largely on his work, is currently in Phase II clinical trials.\\\\n \\\\n Dr. Waxman has published more than 700 scientific papers. His H-index is 109 and his papers have been cited more than 40,000 times. He has edited nine books, and is the author of Spinal Cord Compression and of Clinical Neuroanatomy (translated into eight languages). 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Stephen G. Waxman, MD, PhD\\n \\n

Stephen Waxman is the Bridget Flaherty Professor of Neurology, Neurobiology, and Pharmacology at Yale University, and served as Chairman of Neurology at Yale from 1986 until 2009. He founded the Neuroscience & Regeneration Research Center at Yale in 1988 and is its Director. Prior to moving to Yale, he worked at Harvard, MIT, and Stanford. He is a Visiting Professor at University College London. \\n \\n

Dr. Waxman received his BA from Harvard, and his MD and PhD degrees from Albert Einstein College of Medicine. His research uses tools from the “molecular revolution” to find new therapies that will promote recovery of function after injury to the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. \\n

Dr. Waxman’s first paper in Nature was published in 1970. His research has defined the ion channel architecture of nerve fibers, and demonstrated its importance for axonal conduction (Science, 1985). He demonstrated increased expression of sodium channels in demyelinated axons (Science, 1982), identified the channel isoforms responsible for this remarkable neuronal plasticity which supports remission in multiple sclerosis (PNAS, 2004), and delineated the roles of sodium channels in axonal degeneration (PNAS, 1993). He has made pivotal discoveries that explain pain after nerve injury. In translational leaps from laboratory to humans, he carried out molecule-to-man studies combining molecular genetics, molecular biology, and biophysics to demonstrate the contribution of ion channels to human pain (Trends in Molec.Med, 2005; PNAS, 2006). He led an international coalition that identified sodium channel mutations as causes of peripheral neuropathy (PNAS, 2012). He has used atomic-level modeling to advance pharmacogenomics, first in the laboratory (Nature Comm., 2012), and then in the clinic in a paper (JAMA Neurology, 2016) that was accompanied by an editorial stating “there are still relatively few examples in medicine where molecular reasoning has been rewarded with a comparable degree of success”. An entirely new class of medications for neuropathic pain, based largely on his work, is currently in Phase II clinical trials.\\n \\n

Dr. Waxman has published more than 700 scientific papers. His H-index is 109 and his papers have been cited more than 40,000 times. He has edited nine books, and is the author of Spinal Cord Compression and of Clinical Neuroanatomy (translated into eight languages). He has served on the editorial boards of many journals including Annals of Neurology, Brain, Journal of Physiology, Trends in Neurosciences, Nature Reviews Neurology, and Trends in Molecular Medicine, and is Editor-in-Chief of The Neuroscientist and Neuroscience Letters. He has trained more than 200 academic neurologists and neuroscientists who lead research teams around the world.\\n \\n

A member of the National Academy of Medicine, Dr. Waxman has served on many advisory councils, including the Board of Scientific Counselors of NINDS. His many honors include the Tuve Award (NIH), the Distinguished Alumnus Award (Albert Einstein College of Medicine), the Dystel Prize and Wartenberg Award (American Academy of Neurology), the Middleton Award and the Magnuson Award from the Veterans Administration, and the Soriano Award from the American Neurological Association. He was honored in Great Britain with The Physiological Society’s Annual Prize, an accolade he shares with Nobel Prize laureates Andrew Huxley, John Eccles, and Alan Hodgkin. In 2018, Waxman received the Julius Axelrod Prize from the Society for Neuroscience. \\n

5-20-19 \\n

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McDonald Award, British Multiple Sclerosis Society\",\"awardingOrganization\":null,\"date\":\"2009\"},{\"award\":\"William S Middleton Award (highest scientific honor of the Dept of Veterans Affairs, presented at Ceremonies at the U.S. Capitol).\\r\\n\",\"awardingOrganization\":null,\"date\":\"2009\"},{\"award\":\"Annual Review Prize, The Physiological Society (Premier Award of the Society previous awardees include J.C. Eccles, A.F. Huxley, A.L. 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This is a formal collaboration established by Dr. Waxman involving research on injured nervous system which takes the form of an exchange of trainees and faculty.\",\"startDate\":\"2008-01-01T00:00:00\",\"endDate\":null},{\"activityLocations\":[{\"id\":279,\"institution\":null,\"city\":null,\"region\":null,\"country\":\"Netherlands\",\"geoPoint\":{\"latitude\":52.132633,\"longitude\":5.291266}}],\"id\":2874,\"title\":\"International Pain Genomics Consortium\",\"description\":\"Our laboratory is the hub for studies on rare families, from throughout the world, with mutations of ion channels that produce a pain phenotype. We have major collaborations with University of Radboud, Netherlands; University of Maastrich, Netherlands; and Beijing University\",\"startDate\":\"2008-01-01T00:00:00\",\"endDate\":null},{\"activityLocations\":[{\"id\":14,\"institution\":null,\"city\":null,\"region\":null,\"country\":\"United Kingdom\",\"geoPoint\":{\"latitude\":55.378051,\"longitude\":-3.435973}}],\"id\":650,\"title\":\"Editor, Journal of Physiology\",\"description\":\"Editor, Journal of Physiology\",\"startDate\":\"2005-01-01T00:00:00\",\"endDate\":\"2012-01-01T00:00:00\"},{\"activityLocations\":[],\"id\":649,\"title\":\"Visiting Professor of Anatomy, Biology, and Clinical Neurology, University College London\",\"description\":\"Visiting Professor of Anatomy, Biology, and Clinical Neurology, University College London\",\"startDate\":\"1998-01-01T00:00:00\",\"endDate\":null}]},\"researchTab\":{\"research\":{\"description\":\"

My laboratory focuses on functional recovery in diseases of the brain and spinal cord. In particular, we use a spectrum of methods including molecular biology and genetics, cell biology, electrophysiology, computer simulations, molecular modeling etc. to understand how the nervous system responds to injury, and how we can induce functional recovery. Approaching these issues from a molecule- and mechanism-driven standpoint, we have a special interest in spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and neuropathic pain. Our early studies demonstrated the molecular basis for remissions in MS. We have a major interest in the role of ion channels in diseases of the brain and spinal cord. We have demonstrated, for example, that following injury to their axons, spinal sensory neurons turn off some sodium channel genes, while turning others on. This results in the production of different types of sodium channels (with different kinetics and voltage-dependencies) in these neurons, causing them to become hyperexcitability and thereby contributing to neuropathic pain.

We are also interested in hereditary neuropathic pain and have delineated, for the first time, the molecular basis for a hereditary pain syndrome (inherited erythromelalgia; OMIM #133020;#603415). We have identified mutations in ion channel genes that cause painful peripheral neuropathy, and are moving toward pharmacogenomically-guided pain pharmacotherapy. We have also used molecular genetics and stem-cell derived models to identify pain resilience genes.

We are using state-of-the art molecular imaging to determine how nerve cell build their excitable membranes, molecule by molecule. My laboratory is also examining the role of abnormal sodium channel expression in spinal cord injury (SCI) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Specific projects focus on molecular mechanisms of recovery of conduction along demyelinated axons, and on molecular substrates of axonal degeneration. We are also studying neuroprotection, and have demonstrated that it is possible to pharmacologically protect axons, so they don't degenerate in SCI and MS.

\",\"summary\":\"

My research program uses molecular genetic, biophysical, stem-cell based and pharmacological technicues, togetther with sophisticated molecular imaging and computer simulations, to study the molecular basis for neurological diseases, especially spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and neuropathic pain, and to search for new treatments that will alleviate suffering in these disorder.. On major interest focuses the molecular basis for functional recovery after CNS injury. Our studies were the first to explicate how remissions (recovery of function) occur in MS, and demonstrated the remarkable molecular remodeling of sodium channels that enables demyelinated axons to recover the capability to conduct impulses. Our early studies also demonstrated the modification of conduction properties by pharmacological modulation of ion channels, an approach that has led to clinical studies in multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury.

In our studies on neuropathic pain, we were the first to show the role of sodium channels in the regulation of excitability of pain-signaling sensory neurons. We are a world-wide hub for the study of gene mutations that prduce or alleviate pain. Our studies of inherited erythromelalgia (IEM, the \\\"man on fire syndrome\\\") provide a genetic model of neuropathic pain in humans and identify sodium channel Nav1.7gene SCN9A) as a major regulator of human pain. . For example, we have demonstrated (Cao et al, Science Translational Medicine 2016) that blockade of Nav1.7 reduces firing in nociceptive neurons, and provides pain relief in human subjects carrying gain-of-function mutations in Nav1.7. We also demonstrate the use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) as a patient-derived “pain-in-a-dish” model containing the patient’s entire genome that can enable rapid screening of drugs for pain. This research is ongoing, and w are optimistic that pain-relief through selective blockade of Nav1.7 can be achieved for more common pain indications within the general population. \\n

A second pharmacogenomic approach, now published in JAMA Neurology (Geha et al 2016), interrogated the genomes of patients with IEM to search for gene variants that enhance responsiveness to existing medications, and used molecular modeling and functional analysis to confirm drug engagement of Nav1.7 for two patients with one particular mutation (S241T). Our double-blind, placebo-controlled study demonstrated that the drug, carbamazepine, reduced the patients’ pain. Functional imaging showed that reduction in pain was paralleled by a shift in brain activity from areas involved in emotional processing to areas encoding accurate sensation. Although these observations apply in the strictest sense only to patients carrying one unique IEM mutation, our results provide proof-of-principle that this precision medicine approach, using genomics and molecular modeling, can match patients with specific medications for relief of chronic pain.

The Editorial accompanying our pharmacogenomic study in JAMA Neurology noted that “this study provides an intelligent practical demonstration of the growing value of molecular neurological reasoning… There are relatively few examples in medicine where molecular reasoning is rewarded with a comparable degree of success.” There is a lot of work ahead of us, but we are optimistic that our findings presage the arrival of a new generation of precision treatments for patients with chronic pain.

In another line of work, we are using molecular genetics and stem-cell derived models to identify pain resilience genes (Mis et al, Journal of Neuroscience, 2019

We hope that our work will lead to new therapies not only for neuropathic pain but also for multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, and related disorders.

Specialized Terms: Axons; Electrophysiology; Genes; Ion Channels; Molecular Biology; Multiple Sclerosis; Pain Syndromes; Sodium Channels; Spinal Cord Injury; Stroke; Translational Neuroscience.

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Neuroscience 2013, 14:49-62.\",\"year\":2013,\"link\":{\"url\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23232607\",\"text\":\"The Na(V)1.7 sodium channel: from molecule to man.\"}},{\"title\":\"Structural modelling and mutant cycle analysis predict pharmacoresponsiveness of a Na(V)1.7 mutant channel.\",\"citation\":\"Yang Y, Dib-Hajj SD, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Tyrrell L, Estacion M, Waxman SG. Structural modelling and mutant cycle analysis predict pharmacoresponsiveness of a Na(V)1.7 mutant channel. Nature Communications 2012, 3:1186.\",\"year\":2012,\"link\":{\"url\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23149731\",\"text\":\"Structural modelling and mutant cycle analysis predict pharmacoresponsiveness of a Na(V)1.7 mutant channel.\"}},{\"title\":\"Mechanisms of disease: sodium channels and neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis-current status.\",\"citation\":\"Waxman SG. Mechanisms of disease: sodium channels and neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis-current status. Nature Clinical Practice. Neurology 2008, 4:159-69.\",\"year\":2008,\"link\":{\"url\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18227822\",\"text\":\"Mechanisms of disease: sodium channels and neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis-current status.\"}},{\"title\":\"Multiple sodium channel isoforms and mitogen-activated protein kinases are present in painful human neuromas.\",\"citation\":\"Black JA, Nikolajsen L, Kroner K, Jensen TS, Waxman SG. Multiple sodium channel isoforms and mitogen-activated protein kinases are present in painful human neuromas. Annals Of Neurology 2008, 64:644-53.\",\"year\":2008,\"link\":{\"url\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19107992\",\"text\":\"Multiple sodium channel isoforms and mitogen-activated protein kinases are present in painful human neuromas.\"}},{\"title\":\"Multiple sodium channels and their roles in electrogenesis within dorsal root ganglion neurons.\",\"citation\":\"Rush AM, Cummins TR, Waxman SG. Multiple sodium channels and their roles in electrogenesis within dorsal root ganglion neurons. The Journal Of Physiology 2007, 579:1-14.\",\"year\":2007,\"link\":{\"url\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17158175\",\"text\":\"Multiple sodium channels and their roles in electrogenesis within dorsal root ganglion neurons.\"}},{\"title\":\"Channel, neuronal and clinical function in sodium channelopathies: from genotype to phenotype.\",\"citation\":\"Waxman SG. Channel, neuronal and clinical function in sodium channelopathies: from genotype to phenotype. Nature Neuroscience 2007, 10:405-9.\",\"year\":2007,\"link\":{\"url\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17387329\",\"text\":\"Channel, neuronal and clinical function in sodium channelopathies: from genotype to phenotype.\"}},{\"title\":\"Axonal conduction and injury in multiple sclerosis: the role of sodium channels.\",\"citation\":\"Waxman SG. Axonal conduction and injury in multiple sclerosis: the role of sodium channels. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience 2006, 7:932-41.\",\"year\":2006,\"link\":{\"url\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17115075\",\"text\":\"Axonal conduction and injury in multiple sclerosis: the role of sodium channels.\"}},{\"title\":\"Pharmacotherapy for Pain in a Family With Inherited Erythromelalgia Guided by Genomic Analysis and Functional Profiling.\",\"citation\":\"Geha P, Yang Y, Estacion M, Schulman BR, Tokuno H, Apkarian AV, Dib-Hajj SD, Waxman SG. Pharmacotherapy for Pain in a Family With Inherited Erythromelalgia Guided by Genomic Analysis and Functional Profiling. JAMA Neurology 2016, 73:659-67.\",\"year\":2016,\"link\":{\"url\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27088781\",\"text\":\"Pharmacotherapy for Pain in a Family With Inherited Erythromelalgia Guided by Genomic Analysis and Functional Profiling.\"}},{\"title\":\"Pharmacological reversal of a pain phenotype in iPSC-derived sensory neurons and patients with inherited erythromelalgia.\",\"citation\":\"Cao L, McDonnell A, Nitzsche A, Alexandrou A, Saintot PP, Loucif AJ, Brown AR, Young G, Mis M, Randall A, Waxman SG, Stanley P, Kirby S, Tarabar S, Gutteridge A, Butt R, McKernan RM, Whiting P, Ali Z, Bilsland J, Stevens EB. Pharmacological reversal of a pain phenotype in iPSC-derived sensory neurons and patients with inherited erythromelalgia. Science Translational Medicine 2016, 8:335ra56.\",\"year\":2016,\"link\":{\"url\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27099175\",\"text\":\"Pharmacological reversal of a pain phenotype in iPSC-derived sensory neurons and patients with inherited erythromelalgia.\"}}],\"clinicalTrials\":[],\"coauthors\":[]},\"patientCareTab\":null,\"newsTab\":{\"searchUrl\":\"/ysm/search/?entityType=Article&profilePageName=stephen_waxman\",\"news\":[{\"id\":\"18921\",\"bylineDate\":\"2018-12-05T05:00:00-05:00\",\"title\":\"Scientists Identify Method to Study Resilience to Pain\",\"summary\":\"Scientists at the Yale School of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System have successfully demonstrated that it is possible to pinpoint genes that contribute to inter-individual differences in pain.\",\"thumbnail\":{\"url\":\"https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/98ca540c-58a3-42a1-9944-9d4fe116fa0d\",\"altText\":null,\"width\":4500,\"height\":1500,\"imageVariants\":[{\"dimension\":\"Square\",\"url\":\"https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/0be25727-d95e-4c89-b00b-af5e0e8ef3fb\",\"width\":1239,\"height\":1239},{\"dimension\":\"Rectangle\",\"url\":\"https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/16677a09-60a4-409d-a239-9f6f65b6c979\",\"width\":1802,\"height\":1236}]},\"url\":\"/ysm/news-article/18921/\",\"isFeatured\":false,\"source\":null},{\"id\":\"18675\",\"bylineDate\":\"2018-11-03T04:00:00-04:00\",\"title\":\"Stephen G. Waxman, MD, PhD, Earns Prestigious Julius Axelrod Prize\",\"summary\":\"The Society for Neuroscience (SfN) has announced that Stephen G. Waxman, MD, PhD, Bridget M. Flaherty Professor of Neurology and professor of neurobiology and of pharmacology, is this year's recipient of its Julius Axelrod Prize.\",\"thumbnail\":{\"url\":\"https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/0f67de18-1d0f-4fd2-95be-a136d9416aee\",\"altText\":null,\"width\":4500,\"height\":1500,\"imageVariants\":[{\"dimension\":\"Square\",\"url\":\"https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/9534cd10-6e5d-4176-8046-145bb9b81690\",\"width\":1236,\"height\":1236},{\"dimension\":\"Rectangle\",\"url\":\"https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/8f8ec365-cd33-458a-81a8-b5458995a71e\",\"width\":1806,\"height\":1239}]},\"url\":\"/ysm/news-article/18675/\",\"isFeatured\":false,\"source\":null},{\"id\":\"14863\",\"bylineDate\":\"2017-04-18T04:00:00-04:00\",\"title\":\"How a Single Gene Could Become a Volume Knob for Pain\",\"summary\":\"On a scale of 1 to 10, how would you rate your pain? Would you say it aches, or would you say it stabs? Does it burn, or does it pinch?\",\"thumbnail\":{\"url\":\"https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/b083df9d-4f92-474d-9203-67f28612b491\",\"altText\":null,\"width\":2400,\"height\":1261,\"imageVariants\":[{\"dimension\":\"Square\",\"url\":\"https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/323f668f-a581-4f02-97fa-a9b4e8ed8a54\",\"width\":1261,\"height\":1261},{\"dimension\":\"Rectangle\",\"url\":\"https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/0f71b4c5-d4a8-41ce-96a5-9ca4ce3f5004\",\"width\":1611,\"height\":1105}]},\"url\":\"https://www.wired.com/2017/04/the-cure-for-pain/\",\"isFeatured\":false,\"source\":\"Wired\"},{\"id\":\"13615\",\"bylineDate\":\"2016-10-13T04:00:00-04:00\",\"title\":\"From Yale School of Medicine: New ways to help people avoid opioid overdose and beat addiction\",\"summary\":\"Yale School of Medicine researchers and clinicians are pursuing innovations that could both improve treatment of opioid addiction and introduce new painkillers that are effective yet not addictive.\",\"thumbnail\":{\"url\":\"https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/84773cbb-7d2d-4b97-8cc9-98597ff21588\",\"altText\":null,\"width\":3000,\"height\":2000,\"imageVariants\":[{\"dimension\":\"Square\",\"url\":\"https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/f4da6985-c9b7-4c0f-bc4c-fc78a26566cb\",\"width\":2000,\"height\":2000},{\"dimension\":\"Rectangle\",\"url\":\"https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/dd98cef1-b02d-4723-8f16-8e96d712574a\",\"width\":2914,\"height\":2000}]},\"url\":\"https://www.yalemedicine.org/stories/helping-people-beat-opioids/\",\"isFeatured\":false,\"source\":\"Yale Medicine\"},{\"id\":\"13637\",\"bylineDate\":\"2016-10-13T04:00:00-04:00\",\"title\":\"New ways to help people avoid opioid overdose and beat addiction\",\"summary\":\"This is just one example of how Yale School of Medicine researchers and clinicians are pursuing innovations that could both improve treatment of opioid addiction and introduce new painkillers that are effective yet not addictive.\",\"thumbnail\":{\"url\":\"https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/0ac04cc5-512a-4445-9b3b-0c30e1cb92f3\",\"altText\":null,\"width\":1488,\"height\":840,\"imageVariants\":[{\"dimension\":\"Square\",\"url\":\"https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/bc6b6fa1-9715-4bfd-99bc-8d1f6669d7e2\",\"width\":840,\"height\":840},{\"dimension\":\"Rectangle\",\"url\":\"https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/a2a4d011-9447-4eef-b3e9-385bda218be2\",\"width\":1224,\"height\":840}]},\"url\":\"http://yalemedicine.org/news/article.aspx?id=13615\",\"isFeatured\":false,\"source\":\"Yale Medicine\"},{\"id\":\"12541\",\"bylineDate\":\"2016-04-18T04:00:00-04:00\",\"title\":\"Personalized treatment for chronic pain closer to reality\",\"summary\":\"Researchers at the Yale School of Medicine and the VA Connecticut Healthcare System have successfully tailored a personalized treatment approach for chronic pain in a severe pain syndrome known as inherited erythromelalgia.\",\"thumbnail\":{\"url\":\"https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/2d3dc43c-4ac8-41a0-ac36-97ff15bdfbbf\",\"altText\":null,\"width\":1321,\"height\":768,\"imageVariants\":[{\"dimension\":\"Rectangle\",\"url\":\"https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/40ef3121-4f0f-4310-bf73-8be306303000\",\"width\":1119,\"height\":768},{\"dimension\":\"Square\",\"url\":\"https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/5db1d30c-4907-44b9-9b13-200d2f0ff0ea\",\"width\":768,\"height\":768}]},\"url\":\"/ysm/news-article/12541/\",\"isFeatured\":false,\"source\":null},{\"id\":\"12584\",\"bylineDate\":\"2016-03-11T05:00:00-05:00\",\"title\":\"Nav1.7: a new channel for pain treatment\",\"summary\":\"Following intriguing genetic discoveries in people with extreme sensitivity to pain, as well as some families who feel no pain at all, researchers and drug companies are optimistic that blocking a sodium channel called Nav1.7 may lead to a new generation of more sophisticated painkillers. Meanwhile, however, there is still debate about the underlying mechanism of Nav1.7 in pain.\",\"thumbnail\":{\"url\":\"https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/8ef77402-8141-4bbe-ae6d-deed7591a3b7\",\"altText\":null,\"width\":1608,\"height\":998,\"imageVariants\":[{\"dimension\":\"Square\",\"url\":\"https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/6f4c41a1-4287-432c-9248-634316bda6af\",\"width\":998,\"height\":998},{\"dimension\":\"Rectangle\",\"url\":\"https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/0d63d16a-26a0-49cd-8408-7d47d44a32a0\",\"width\":1153,\"height\":791}]},\"url\":\"http://www.pharmaceutical-journal.com/news-and-analysis/features/a-new-channel-for-pain-treatment/20200841.article\",\"isFeatured\":false,\"source\":\"The Pharmaceutical Journal\"},{\"id\":\"6066\",\"bylineDate\":\"2013-10-16T04:00:00-04:00\",\"title\":\"Research in the News: Researchers make exciting discoveries in non-excitable cells\",\"summary\":\"It has been 60 years since scientists discovered that sodium channels create the electrical impulses crucial to the function of nerve, brain, and heart cells — all of which are termed “excitable.” Now researchers at Yale and elsewhere are discovering that sodium channels also play key roles in so-called non-excitable cells.\",\"thumbnail\":{\"url\":\"https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/3dd4d8aa-bc19-4eb6-810c-eba76258e53b\",\"altText\":null,\"width\":688,\"height\":688,\"imageVariants\":[{\"dimension\":\"Square\",\"url\":\"https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/9bbf6021-836b-48b0-af2e-499570c1c0f2\",\"width\":688,\"height\":688},{\"dimension\":\"Rectangle\",\"url\":\"https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/ac7245f1-40f1-4477-b653-449cea0a62f0\",\"width\":688,\"height\":516}]},\"url\":\"/ysm/news-article/6066/\",\"isFeatured\":false,\"source\":null}]},\"locationsTab\":{\"addresses\":[{\"id\":3993,\"address\":{\"id\":688,\"officeName\":\"Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research\",\"name\":\"VA Connecticut Healthcare\",\"addressLine1\":\"950 Campbell Avenue\",\"addressLine2\":\"Ste BLDG. 34\",\"city\":\"West Haven\",\"region\":\"CT\",\"country\":\"United States\",\"postalCode\":\"06516\"},\"geoPoint\":{\"latitude\":41.2844004,\"longitude\":-72.9576103},\"phones\":[{\"phoneNumber\":\"+12039373801\",\"extension\":null},{\"phoneNumber\":\"+12039373802\",\"extension\":null}],\"activeHours\":null,\"website\":null}]},\"metaData\":{\"title\":\"Stephen Waxman, MD, PhD\",\"description\":\"Stephen G. 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Waxman, MD, PhD\\\\n \\\\n Stephen Waxman is the Bridget Flaherty Professor of Neurology, Neurobiology, and Pharmacology at Yale University, and served as Chairman of Neurology at Yale from 1986 until 2009. He founded the Neuroscience & Regeneration Research Center at Yale in 1988 and is its Director. Prior to moving to Yale, he worked at Harvard, MIT, and Stanford. He is a Visiting Professor at University College London. \\\\n \\\\n Dr. Waxman received his BA from Harvard, and his MD and PhD degrees from Albert Einstein College of Medicine. His research uses tools from the “molecular revolution” to find new therapies that will promote recovery of function after injury to the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. \\\\n Dr. Waxman’s first paper in Nature was published in 1970. His research has defined the ion channel architecture of nerve fibers, and demonstrated its importance for axonal conduction (Science, 1985). 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Waxman, MD, PhD\\\\n \\\\n Stephen Waxman is the Bridget Flaherty Professor of Neurology, Neurobiology, and Pharmacology at Yale University, and served as Chairman of Neurology at Yale from 1986 until 2009. He founded the Neuroscience & Regeneration Research Center at Yale in 1988 and is its Director. Prior to moving to Yale, he worked at Harvard, MIT, and Stanford. He is a Visiting Professor at University College London. \\\\n \\\\n Dr. Waxman received his BA from Harvard, and his MD and PhD degrees from Albert Einstein College of Medicine. His research uses tools from the “molecular revolution” to find new therapies that will promote recovery of function after injury to the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. \\\\n Dr. Waxman’s first paper in Nature was published in 1970. His research has defined the ion channel architecture of nerve fibers, and demonstrated its importance for axonal conduction (Science, 1985). 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He has used atomic-level modeling to advance pharmacogenomics, first in the laboratory (Nature Comm., 2012), and then in the clinic in a paper (JAMA Neurology, 2016) that was accompanied by an editorial stating “there are still relatively few examples in medicine where molecular reasoning has been rewarded with a comparable degree of success”. An entirely new class of medications for neuropathic pain, based largely on his work, is currently in Phase II clinical trials.\\\\n \\\\n Dr. Waxman has published more than 700 scientific papers. His H-index is 109 and his papers have been cited more than 40,000 times. He has edited nine books, and is the author of Spinal Cord Compression and of Clinical Neuroanatomy (translated into eight languages). 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Gain-of-function Nav1.8 mutations in painful neuropathy. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2012, 109:19444-9.\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"}\"},{\"schemaName\":\"MedicalScholarlyArticle\",\"jsonData\":\"{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"MedicalScholarlyArticle\\\",\\\"publicationType\\\":\\\"Journal Article\\\",\\\"inLanguage\\\":\\\"en-US\\\",\\\"headline\\\":\\\"The Na(V)1.7 sodium channel: from molecule to man.\\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23232607\\\",\\\"author\\\":[{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"Person\\\",\\\"mainEntityOfPage\\\":{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"WebPage\\\",\\\"@id\\\":\\\"https://medicine.yale.edu/ysm/profile/stephen_waxman/\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"},\\\"name\\\":\\\"Stephen Waxman\\\",\\\"description\\\":\\\"Stephen G. Waxman, MD, PhD\\\\n \\\\n Stephen Waxman is the Bridget Flaherty Professor of Neurology, Neurobiology, and Pharmacology at Yale University, and served as Chairman of Neurology at Yale from 1986 until 2009. He founded the Neuroscience & Regeneration Research Center at Yale in 1988 and is its Director. Prior to moving to Yale, he worked at Harvard, MIT, and Stanford. He is a Visiting Professor at University College London. \\\\n \\\\n Dr. Waxman received his BA from Harvard, and his MD and PhD degrees from Albert Einstein College of Medicine. His research uses tools from the “molecular revolution” to find new therapies that will promote recovery of function after injury to the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. \\\\n Dr. Waxman’s first paper in Nature was published in 1970. His research has defined the ion channel architecture of nerve fibers, and demonstrated its importance for axonal conduction (Science, 1985). He demonstrated increased expression of sodium channels in demyelinated axons (Science, 1982), identified the channel isoforms responsible for this remarkable neuronal plasticity which supports remission in multiple sclerosis (PNAS, 2004), and delineated the roles of sodium channels in axonal degeneration (PNAS, 1993). He has made pivotal discoveries that explain pain after nerve injury. In translational leaps from laboratory to humans, he carried out molecule-to-man studies combining molecular genetics, molecular biology, and biophysics to demonstrate the contribution of ion channels to human pain (Trends in Molec.Med, 2005; PNAS, 2006). He led an international coalition that identified sodium channel mutations as causes of peripheral neuropathy (PNAS, 2012). He has used atomic-level modeling to advance pharmacogenomics, first in the laboratory (Nature Comm., 2012), and then in the clinic in a paper (JAMA Neurology, 2016) that was accompanied by an editorial stating “there are still relatively few examples in medicine where molecular reasoning has been rewarded with a comparable degree of success”. An entirely new class of medications for neuropathic pain, based largely on his work, is currently in Phase II clinical trials.\\\\n \\\\n Dr. Waxman has published more than 700 scientific papers. His H-index is 109 and his papers have been cited more than 40,000 times. He has edited nine books, and is the author of Spinal Cord Compression and of Clinical Neuroanatomy (translated into eight languages). He has served on the editorial boards of many journals including Annals of Neurology, Brain, Journal of Physiology, Trends in Neurosciences, Nature Reviews Neurology, and Trends in Molecular Medicine, and is Editor-in-Chief of The Neuroscientist and Neuroscience Letters. He has trained more than 200 academic neurologists and neuroscientists who lead research teams around the world.\\\\n \\\\n A member of the National Academy of Medicine, Dr. Waxman has served on many advisory councils, including the Board of Scientific Counselors of NINDS. His many honors include the Tuve Award (NIH), the Distinguished Alumnus Award (Albert Einstein College of Medicine), the Dystel Prize and Wartenberg Award (American Academy of Neurology), the Middleton Award and the Magnuson Award from the Veterans Administration, and the Soriano Award from the American Neurological Association. He was honored in Great Britain with The Physiological Society’s Annual Prize, an accolade he shares with Nobel Prize laureates Andrew Huxley, John Eccles, and Alan Hodgkin. In 2018, Waxman received the Julius Axelrod Prize from the Society for Neuroscience. \\\\n 5-20-19\\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"https://medicine.yale.edu/ysm/profile/stephen_waxman/\\\",\\\"email\\\":\\\"stephen.waxman@yale.edu\\\",\\\"telephone\\\":\\\"+12039373802\\\",\\\"honorificSuffix\\\":[null,\\\"MD\\\",\\\"PhD\\\"],\\\"award\\\":[\\\"Julius Axelrod Prize 2018\\\",\\\"Soriano Award 2014\\\",\\\"Magnuson Award for Outstanding Achievements in Rehabilitation Research 2012\\\",\\\"W.I. McDonald Award, British Multiple Sclerosis Society 2009\\\",\\\"William S Middleton Award (highest scientific honor of the Dept of Veterans Affairs, presented at Ceremonies at the U.S. Capitol).\\\\r\\\\n 2009\\\",\\\"Annual Review Prize, The Physiological Society (Premier Award of the Society previous awardees include J.C. Eccles, A.F. 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The Na(V)1.7 sodium channel: from molecule to man. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience 2013, 14:49-62.\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"}\"},{\"schemaName\":\"MedicalScholarlyArticle\",\"jsonData\":\"{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"MedicalScholarlyArticle\\\",\\\"publicationType\\\":\\\"Journal Article\\\",\\\"inLanguage\\\":\\\"en-US\\\",\\\"headline\\\":\\\"Structural modelling and mutant cycle analysis predict pharmacoresponsiveness of a Na(V)1.7 mutant channel.\\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23149731\\\",\\\"author\\\":[{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"Person\\\",\\\"mainEntityOfPage\\\":{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"WebPage\\\",\\\"@id\\\":\\\"https://medicine.yale.edu/ysm/profile/stephen_waxman/\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"},\\\"name\\\":\\\"Stephen Waxman\\\",\\\"description\\\":\\\"Stephen G. Waxman, MD, PhD\\\\n \\\\n Stephen Waxman is the Bridget Flaherty Professor of Neurology, Neurobiology, and Pharmacology at Yale University, and served as Chairman of Neurology at Yale from 1986 until 2009. He founded the Neuroscience & Regeneration Research Center at Yale in 1988 and is its Director. Prior to moving to Yale, he worked at Harvard, MIT, and Stanford. He is a Visiting Professor at University College London. \\\\n \\\\n Dr. Waxman received his BA from Harvard, and his MD and PhD degrees from Albert Einstein College of Medicine. His research uses tools from the “molecular revolution” to find new therapies that will promote recovery of function after injury to the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. \\\\n Dr. Waxman’s first paper in Nature was published in 1970. His research has defined the ion channel architecture of nerve fibers, and demonstrated its importance for axonal conduction (Science, 1985). He demonstrated increased expression of sodium channels in demyelinated axons (Science, 1982), identified the channel isoforms responsible for this remarkable neuronal plasticity which supports remission in multiple sclerosis (PNAS, 2004), and delineated the roles of sodium channels in axonal degeneration (PNAS, 1993). He has made pivotal discoveries that explain pain after nerve injury. In translational leaps from laboratory to humans, he carried out molecule-to-man studies combining molecular genetics, molecular biology, and biophysics to demonstrate the contribution of ion channels to human pain (Trends in Molec.Med, 2005; PNAS, 2006). He led an international coalition that identified sodium channel mutations as causes of peripheral neuropathy (PNAS, 2012). 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Structural modelling and mutant cycle analysis predict pharmacoresponsiveness of a Na(V)1.7 mutant channel. Nature Communications 2012, 3:1186.\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"}\"},{\"schemaName\":\"MedicalScholarlyArticle\",\"jsonData\":\"{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"MedicalScholarlyArticle\\\",\\\"publicationType\\\":\\\"Journal Article\\\",\\\"inLanguage\\\":\\\"en-US\\\",\\\"headline\\\":\\\"Mechanisms of disease: sodium channels and neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis-current status.\\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18227822\\\",\\\"author\\\":[{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"Person\\\",\\\"mainEntityOfPage\\\":{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"WebPage\\\",\\\"@id\\\":\\\"https://medicine.yale.edu/ysm/profile/stephen_waxman/\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"},\\\"name\\\":\\\"Stephen Waxman\\\",\\\"description\\\":\\\"Stephen G. Waxman, MD, PhD\\\\n \\\\n Stephen Waxman is the Bridget Flaherty Professor of Neurology, Neurobiology, and Pharmacology at Yale University, and served as Chairman of Neurology at Yale from 1986 until 2009. He founded the Neuroscience & Regeneration Research Center at Yale in 1988 and is its Director. Prior to moving to Yale, he worked at Harvard, MIT, and Stanford. He is a Visiting Professor at University College London. \\\\n \\\\n Dr. Waxman received his BA from Harvard, and his MD and PhD degrees from Albert Einstein College of Medicine. His research uses tools from the “molecular revolution” to find new therapies that will promote recovery of function after injury to the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. \\\\n Dr. Waxman’s first paper in Nature was published in 1970. His research has defined the ion channel architecture of nerve fibers, and demonstrated its importance for axonal conduction (Science, 1985). 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He has used atomic-level modeling to advance pharmacogenomics, first in the laboratory (Nature Comm., 2012), and then in the clinic in a paper (JAMA Neurology, 2016) that was accompanied by an editorial stating “there are still relatively few examples in medicine where molecular reasoning has been rewarded with a comparable degree of success”. An entirely new class of medications for neuropathic pain, based largely on his work, is currently in Phase II clinical trials.\\\\n \\\\n Dr. Waxman has published more than 700 scientific papers. His H-index is 109 and his papers have been cited more than 40,000 times. He has edited nine books, and is the author of Spinal Cord Compression and of Clinical Neuroanatomy (translated into eight languages). 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Mechanisms of disease: sodium channels and neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis-current status. Nature Clinical Practice. Neurology 2008, 4:159-69.\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"}\"},{\"schemaName\":\"MedicalScholarlyArticle\",\"jsonData\":\"{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"MedicalScholarlyArticle\\\",\\\"publicationType\\\":\\\"Journal Article\\\",\\\"inLanguage\\\":\\\"en-US\\\",\\\"headline\\\":\\\"Multiple sodium channel isoforms and mitogen-activated protein kinases are present in painful human neuromas.\\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19107992\\\",\\\"author\\\":[{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"Person\\\",\\\"mainEntityOfPage\\\":{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"WebPage\\\",\\\"@id\\\":\\\"https://medicine.yale.edu/ysm/profile/stephen_waxman/\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"},\\\"name\\\":\\\"Stephen Waxman\\\",\\\"description\\\":\\\"Stephen G. Waxman, MD, PhD\\\\n \\\\n Stephen Waxman is the Bridget Flaherty Professor of Neurology, Neurobiology, and Pharmacology at Yale University, and served as Chairman of Neurology at Yale from 1986 until 2009. He founded the Neuroscience & Regeneration Research Center at Yale in 1988 and is its Director. Prior to moving to Yale, he worked at Harvard, MIT, and Stanford. He is a Visiting Professor at University College London. \\\\n \\\\n Dr. Waxman received his BA from Harvard, and his MD and PhD degrees from Albert Einstein College of Medicine. His research uses tools from the “molecular revolution” to find new therapies that will promote recovery of function after injury to the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. \\\\n Dr. Waxman’s first paper in Nature was published in 1970. His research has defined the ion channel architecture of nerve fibers, and demonstrated its importance for axonal conduction (Science, 1985). He demonstrated increased expression of sodium channels in demyelinated axons (Science, 1982), identified the channel isoforms responsible for this remarkable neuronal plasticity which supports remission in multiple sclerosis (PNAS, 2004), and delineated the roles of sodium channels in axonal degeneration (PNAS, 1993). He has made pivotal discoveries that explain pain after nerve injury. In translational leaps from laboratory to humans, he carried out molecule-to-man studies combining molecular genetics, molecular biology, and biophysics to demonstrate the contribution of ion channels to human pain (Trends in Molec.Med, 2005; PNAS, 2006). He led an international coalition that identified sodium channel mutations as causes of peripheral neuropathy (PNAS, 2012). He has used atomic-level modeling to advance pharmacogenomics, first in the laboratory (Nature Comm., 2012), and then in the clinic in a paper (JAMA Neurology, 2016) that was accompanied by an editorial stating “there are still relatively few examples in medicine where molecular reasoning has been rewarded with a comparable degree of success”. An entirely new class of medications for neuropathic pain, based largely on his work, is currently in Phase II clinical trials.\\\\n \\\\n Dr. Waxman has published more than 700 scientific papers. His H-index is 109 and his papers have been cited more than 40,000 times. He has edited nine books, and is the author of Spinal Cord Compression and of Clinical Neuroanatomy (translated into eight languages). He has served on the editorial boards of many journals including Annals of Neurology, Brain, Journal of Physiology, Trends in Neurosciences, Nature Reviews Neurology, and Trends in Molecular Medicine, and is Editor-in-Chief of The Neuroscientist and Neuroscience Letters. He has trained more than 200 academic neurologists and neuroscientists who lead research teams around the world.\\\\n \\\\n A member of the National Academy of Medicine, Dr. Waxman has served on many advisory councils, including the Board of Scientific Counselors of NINDS. His many honors include the Tuve Award (NIH), the Distinguished Alumnus Award (Albert Einstein College of Medicine), the Dystel Prize and Wartenberg Award (American Academy of Neurology), the Middleton Award and the Magnuson Award from the Veterans Administration, and the Soriano Award from the American Neurological Association. 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Multiple sodium channel isoforms and mitogen-activated protein kinases are present in painful human neuromas. Annals Of Neurology 2008, 64:644-53.\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"}\"},{\"schemaName\":\"MedicalScholarlyArticle\",\"jsonData\":\"{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"MedicalScholarlyArticle\\\",\\\"publicationType\\\":\\\"Journal Article\\\",\\\"inLanguage\\\":\\\"en-US\\\",\\\"headline\\\":\\\"Multiple sodium channels and their roles in electrogenesis within dorsal root ganglion neurons.\\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17158175\\\",\\\"author\\\":[{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"Person\\\",\\\"mainEntityOfPage\\\":{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"WebPage\\\",\\\"@id\\\":\\\"https://medicine.yale.edu/ysm/profile/stephen_waxman/\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"},\\\"name\\\":\\\"Stephen Waxman\\\",\\\"description\\\":\\\"Stephen G. Waxman, MD, PhD\\\\n \\\\n Stephen Waxman is the Bridget Flaherty Professor of Neurology, Neurobiology, and Pharmacology at Yale University, and served as Chairman of Neurology at Yale from 1986 until 2009. He founded the Neuroscience & Regeneration Research Center at Yale in 1988 and is its Director. Prior to moving to Yale, he worked at Harvard, MIT, and Stanford. He is a Visiting Professor at University College London. \\\\n \\\\n Dr. Waxman received his BA from Harvard, and his MD and PhD degrees from Albert Einstein College of Medicine. His research uses tools from the “molecular revolution” to find new therapies that will promote recovery of function after injury to the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. \\\\n Dr. Waxman’s first paper in Nature was published in 1970. His research has defined the ion channel architecture of nerve fibers, and demonstrated its importance for axonal conduction (Science, 1985). He demonstrated increased expression of sodium channels in demyelinated axons (Science, 1982), identified the channel isoforms responsible for this remarkable neuronal plasticity which supports remission in multiple sclerosis (PNAS, 2004), and delineated the roles of sodium channels in axonal degeneration (PNAS, 1993). He has made pivotal discoveries that explain pain after nerve injury. In translational leaps from laboratory to humans, he carried out molecule-to-man studies combining molecular genetics, molecular biology, and biophysics to demonstrate the contribution of ion channels to human pain (Trends in Molec.Med, 2005; PNAS, 2006). He led an international coalition that identified sodium channel mutations as causes of peripheral neuropathy (PNAS, 2012). He has used atomic-level modeling to advance pharmacogenomics, first in the laboratory (Nature Comm., 2012), and then in the clinic in a paper (JAMA Neurology, 2016) that was accompanied by an editorial stating “there are still relatively few examples in medicine where molecular reasoning has been rewarded with a comparable degree of success”. An entirely new class of medications for neuropathic pain, based largely on his work, is currently in Phase II clinical trials.\\\\n \\\\n Dr. Waxman has published more than 700 scientific papers. His H-index is 109 and his papers have been cited more than 40,000 times. He has edited nine books, and is the author of Spinal Cord Compression and of Clinical Neuroanatomy (translated into eight languages). He has served on the editorial boards of many journals including Annals of Neurology, Brain, Journal of Physiology, Trends in Neurosciences, Nature Reviews Neurology, and Trends in Molecular Medicine, and is Editor-in-Chief of The Neuroscientist and Neuroscience Letters. He has trained more than 200 academic neurologists and neuroscientists who lead research teams around the world.\\\\n \\\\n A member of the National Academy of Medicine, Dr. Waxman has served on many advisory councils, including the Board of Scientific Counselors of NINDS. His many honors include the Tuve Award (NIH), the Distinguished Alumnus Award (Albert Einstein College of Medicine), the Dystel Prize and Wartenberg Award (American Academy of Neurology), the Middleton Award and the Magnuson Award from the Veterans Administration, and the Soriano Award from the American Neurological Association. 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Multiple sodium channels and their roles in electrogenesis within dorsal root ganglion neurons. The Journal Of Physiology 2007, 579:1-14.\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"}\"},{\"schemaName\":\"MedicalScholarlyArticle\",\"jsonData\":\"{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"MedicalScholarlyArticle\\\",\\\"publicationType\\\":\\\"Journal Article\\\",\\\"inLanguage\\\":\\\"en-US\\\",\\\"headline\\\":\\\"Channel, neuronal and clinical function in sodium channelopathies: from genotype to phenotype.\\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17387329\\\",\\\"author\\\":[{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"Person\\\",\\\"mainEntityOfPage\\\":{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"WebPage\\\",\\\"@id\\\":\\\"https://medicine.yale.edu/ysm/profile/stephen_waxman/\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"},\\\"name\\\":\\\"Stephen Waxman\\\",\\\"description\\\":\\\"Stephen G. Waxman, MD, PhD\\\\n \\\\n Stephen Waxman is the Bridget Flaherty Professor of Neurology, Neurobiology, and Pharmacology at Yale University, and served as Chairman of Neurology at Yale from 1986 until 2009. He founded the Neuroscience & Regeneration Research Center at Yale in 1988 and is its Director. Prior to moving to Yale, he worked at Harvard, MIT, and Stanford. He is a Visiting Professor at University College London. \\\\n \\\\n Dr. Waxman received his BA from Harvard, and his MD and PhD degrees from Albert Einstein College of Medicine. His research uses tools from the “molecular revolution” to find new therapies that will promote recovery of function after injury to the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. \\\\n Dr. Waxman’s first paper in Nature was published in 1970. His research has defined the ion channel architecture of nerve fibers, and demonstrated its importance for axonal conduction (Science, 1985). He demonstrated increased expression of sodium channels in demyelinated axons (Science, 1982), identified the channel isoforms responsible for this remarkable neuronal plasticity which supports remission in multiple sclerosis (PNAS, 2004), and delineated the roles of sodium channels in axonal degeneration (PNAS, 1993). He has made pivotal discoveries that explain pain after nerve injury. In translational leaps from laboratory to humans, he carried out molecule-to-man studies combining molecular genetics, molecular biology, and biophysics to demonstrate the contribution of ion channels to human pain (Trends in Molec.Med, 2005; PNAS, 2006). He led an international coalition that identified sodium channel mutations as causes of peripheral neuropathy (PNAS, 2012). He has used atomic-level modeling to advance pharmacogenomics, first in the laboratory (Nature Comm., 2012), and then in the clinic in a paper (JAMA Neurology, 2016) that was accompanied by an editorial stating “there are still relatively few examples in medicine where molecular reasoning has been rewarded with a comparable degree of success”. An entirely new class of medications for neuropathic pain, based largely on his work, is currently in Phase II clinical trials.\\\\n \\\\n Dr. Waxman has published more than 700 scientific papers. His H-index is 109 and his papers have been cited more than 40,000 times. He has edited nine books, and is the author of Spinal Cord Compression and of Clinical Neuroanatomy (translated into eight languages). He has served on the editorial boards of many journals including Annals of Neurology, Brain, Journal of Physiology, Trends in Neurosciences, Nature Reviews Neurology, and Trends in Molecular Medicine, and is Editor-in-Chief of The Neuroscientist and Neuroscience Letters. He has trained more than 200 academic neurologists and neuroscientists who lead research teams around the world.\\\\n \\\\n A member of the National Academy of Medicine, Dr. Waxman has served on many advisory councils, including the Board of Scientific Counselors of NINDS. His many honors include the Tuve Award (NIH), the Distinguished Alumnus Award (Albert Einstein College of Medicine), the Dystel Prize and Wartenberg Award (American Academy of Neurology), the Middleton Award and the Magnuson Award from the Veterans Administration, and the Soriano Award from the American Neurological Association. 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Channel, neuronal and clinical function in sodium channelopathies: from genotype to phenotype. Nature Neuroscience 2007, 10:405-9.\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"}\"},{\"schemaName\":\"MedicalScholarlyArticle\",\"jsonData\":\"{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"MedicalScholarlyArticle\\\",\\\"publicationType\\\":\\\"Journal Article\\\",\\\"inLanguage\\\":\\\"en-US\\\",\\\"headline\\\":\\\"Axonal conduction and injury in multiple sclerosis: the role of sodium channels.\\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17115075\\\",\\\"author\\\":[{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"Person\\\",\\\"mainEntityOfPage\\\":{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"WebPage\\\",\\\"@id\\\":\\\"https://medicine.yale.edu/ysm/profile/stephen_waxman/\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"},\\\"name\\\":\\\"Stephen Waxman\\\",\\\"description\\\":\\\"Stephen G. Waxman, MD, PhD\\\\n \\\\n Stephen Waxman is the Bridget Flaherty Professor of Neurology, Neurobiology, and Pharmacology at Yale University, and served as Chairman of Neurology at Yale from 1986 until 2009. He founded the Neuroscience & Regeneration Research Center at Yale in 1988 and is its Director. Prior to moving to Yale, he worked at Harvard, MIT, and Stanford. He is a Visiting Professor at University College London. \\\\n \\\\n Dr. Waxman received his BA from Harvard, and his MD and PhD degrees from Albert Einstein College of Medicine. His research uses tools from the “molecular revolution” to find new therapies that will promote recovery of function after injury to the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. \\\\n Dr. Waxman’s first paper in Nature was published in 1970. His research has defined the ion channel architecture of nerve fibers, and demonstrated its importance for axonal conduction (Science, 1985). 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He has used atomic-level modeling to advance pharmacogenomics, first in the laboratory (Nature Comm., 2012), and then in the clinic in a paper (JAMA Neurology, 2016) that was accompanied by an editorial stating “there are still relatively few examples in medicine where molecular reasoning has been rewarded with a comparable degree of success”. An entirely new class of medications for neuropathic pain, based largely on his work, is currently in Phase II clinical trials.\\\\n \\\\n Dr. Waxman has published more than 700 scientific papers. His H-index is 109 and his papers have been cited more than 40,000 times. He has edited nine books, and is the author of Spinal Cord Compression and of Clinical Neuroanatomy (translated into eight languages). He has served on the editorial boards of many journals including Annals of Neurology, Brain, Journal of Physiology, Trends in Neurosciences, Nature Reviews Neurology, and Trends in Molecular Medicine, and is Editor-in-Chief of The Neuroscientist and Neuroscience Letters. He has trained more than 200 academic neurologists and neuroscientists who lead research teams around the world.\\\\n \\\\n A member of the National Academy of Medicine, Dr. Waxman has served on many advisory councils, including the Board of Scientific Counselors of NINDS. His many honors include the Tuve Award (NIH), the Distinguished Alumnus Award (Albert Einstein College of Medicine), the Dystel Prize and Wartenberg Award (American Academy of Neurology), the Middleton Award and the Magnuson Award from the Veterans Administration, and the Soriano Award from the American Neurological Association. 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Axonal conduction and injury in multiple sclerosis: the role of sodium channels. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience 2006, 7:932-41.\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"}\"},{\"schemaName\":\"MedicalScholarlyArticle\",\"jsonData\":\"{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"MedicalScholarlyArticle\\\",\\\"publicationType\\\":\\\"Journal Article\\\",\\\"inLanguage\\\":\\\"en-US\\\",\\\"headline\\\":\\\"Pharmacotherapy for Pain in a Family With Inherited Erythromelalgia Guided by Genomic Analysis and Functional \\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27088781\\\",\\\"author\\\":[{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"Person\\\",\\\"mainEntityOfPage\\\":{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"WebPage\\\",\\\"@id\\\":\\\"https://medicine.yale.edu/ysm/profile/stephen_waxman/\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"},\\\"name\\\":\\\"Stephen Waxman\\\",\\\"description\\\":\\\"Stephen G. Waxman, MD, PhD\\\\n \\\\n Stephen Waxman is the Bridget Flaherty Professor of Neurology, Neurobiology, and Pharmacology at Yale University, and served as Chairman of Neurology at Yale from 1986 until 2009. He founded the Neuroscience & Regeneration Research Center at Yale in 1988 and is its Director. Prior to moving to Yale, he worked at Harvard, MIT, and Stanford. He is a Visiting Professor at University College London. \\\\n \\\\n Dr. Waxman received his BA from Harvard, and his MD and PhD degrees from Albert Einstein College of Medicine. His research uses tools from the “molecular revolution” to find new therapies that will promote recovery of function after injury to the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. \\\\n Dr. Waxman’s first paper in Nature was published in 1970. His research has defined the ion channel architecture of nerve fibers, and demonstrated its importance for axonal conduction (Science, 1985). He demonstrated increased expression of sodium channels in demyelinated axons (Science, 1982), identified the channel isoforms responsible for this remarkable neuronal plasticity which supports remission in multiple sclerosis (PNAS, 2004), and delineated the roles of sodium channels in axonal degeneration (PNAS, 1993). He has made pivotal discoveries that explain pain after nerve injury. In translational leaps from laboratory to humans, he carried out molecule-to-man studies combining molecular genetics, molecular biology, and biophysics to demonstrate the contribution of ion channels to human pain (Trends in Molec.Med, 2005; PNAS, 2006). He led an international coalition that identified sodium channel mutations as causes of peripheral neuropathy (PNAS, 2012). 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Pharmacotherapy for Pain in a Family With Inherited Erythromelalgia Guided by Genomic Analysis and Functional Profiling. JAMA Neurology 2016, 73:659-67.\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"}\"},{\"schemaName\":\"MedicalScholarlyArticle\",\"jsonData\":\"{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"MedicalScholarlyArticle\\\",\\\"publicationType\\\":\\\"Journal Article\\\",\\\"inLanguage\\\":\\\"en-US\\\",\\\"headline\\\":\\\"Pharmacological reversal of a pain phenotype in iPSC-derived sensory neurons and patients with inherited eryth\\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27099175\\\",\\\"author\\\":[{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"Person\\\",\\\"mainEntityOfPage\\\":{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"WebPage\\\",\\\"@id\\\":\\\"https://medicine.yale.edu/ysm/profile/stephen_waxman/\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"},\\\"name\\\":\\\"Stephen Waxman\\\",\\\"description\\\":\\\"Stephen G. Waxman, MD, PhD\\\\n \\\\n Stephen Waxman is the Bridget Flaherty Professor of Neurology, Neurobiology, and Pharmacology at Yale University, and served as Chairman of Neurology at Yale from 1986 until 2009. He founded the Neuroscience & Regeneration Research Center at Yale in 1988 and is its Director. Prior to moving to Yale, he worked at Harvard, MIT, and Stanford. He is a Visiting Professor at University College London. \\\\n \\\\n Dr. Waxman received his BA from Harvard, and his MD and PhD degrees from Albert Einstein College of Medicine. His research uses tools from the “molecular revolution” to find new therapies that will promote recovery of function after injury to the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. \\\\n Dr. Waxman’s first paper in Nature was published in 1970. His research has defined the ion channel architecture of nerve fibers, and demonstrated its importance for axonal conduction (Science, 1985). He demonstrated increased expression of sodium channels in demyelinated axons (Science, 1982), identified the channel isoforms responsible for this remarkable neuronal plasticity which supports remission in multiple sclerosis (PNAS, 2004), and delineated the roles of sodium channels in axonal degeneration (PNAS, 1993). He has made pivotal discoveries that explain pain after nerve injury. In translational leaps from laboratory to humans, he carried out molecule-to-man studies combining molecular genetics, molecular biology, and biophysics to demonstrate the contribution of ion channels to human pain (Trends in Molec.Med, 2005; PNAS, 2006). He led an international coalition that identified sodium channel mutations as causes of peripheral neuropathy (PNAS, 2012). He has used atomic-level modeling to advance pharmacogenomics, first in the laboratory (Nature Comm., 2012), and then in the clinic in a paper (JAMA Neurology, 2016) that was accompanied by an editorial stating “there are still relatively few examples in medicine where molecular reasoning has been rewarded with a comparable degree of success”. An entirely new class of medications for neuropathic pain, based largely on his work, is currently in Phase II clinical trials.\\\\n \\\\n Dr. Waxman has published more than 700 scientific papers. His H-index is 109 and his papers have been cited more than 40,000 times. He has edited nine books, and is the author of Spinal Cord Compression and of Clinical Neuroanatomy (translated into eight languages). He has served on the editorial boards of many journals including Annals of Neurology, Brain, Journal of Physiology, Trends in Neurosciences, Nature Reviews Neurology, and Trends in Molecular Medicine, and is Editor-in-Chief of The Neuroscientist and Neuroscience Letters. He has trained more than 200 academic neurologists and neuroscientists who lead research teams around the world.\\\\n \\\\n A member of the National Academy of Medicine, Dr. Waxman has served on many advisory councils, including the Board of Scientific Counselors of NINDS. His many honors include the Tuve Award (NIH), the Distinguished Alumnus Award (Albert Einstein College of Medicine), the Dystel Prize and Wartenberg Award (American Academy of Neurology), the Middleton Award and the Magnuson Award from the Veterans Administration, and the Soriano Award from the American Neurological Association. He was honored in Great Britain with The Physiological Society’s Annual Prize, an accolade he shares with Nobel Prize laureates Andrew Huxley, John Eccles, and Alan Hodgkin. In 2018, Waxman received the Julius Axelrod Prize from the Society for Neuroscience. \\\\n 5-20-19\\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"https://medicine.yale.edu/ysm/profile/stephen_waxman/\\\",\\\"email\\\":\\\"stephen.waxman@yale.edu\\\",\\\"telephone\\\":\\\"+12039373802\\\",\\\"honorificSuffix\\\":[null,\\\"MD\\\",\\\"PhD\\\"],\\\"award\\\":[\\\"Julius Axelrod Prize 2018\\\",\\\"Soriano Award 2014\\\",\\\"Magnuson Award for Outstanding Achievements in Rehabilitation Research 2012\\\",\\\"W.I. McDonald Award, British Multiple Sclerosis Society 2009\\\",\\\"William S Middleton Award (highest scientific honor of the Dept of Veterans Affairs, presented at Ceremonies at the U.S. Capitol).\\\\r\\\\n 2009\\\",\\\"Annual Review Prize, The Physiological Society (Premier Award of the Society previous awardees include J.C. Eccles, A.F. Huxley, A.L. Hodgkin) 2009\\\",\\\"Honorary Member, Association of British Neurologists 2005\\\",\\\"Reingold Award, National Multiple Sclerosis Society 2004\\\",\\\"Dystel Prize for Research on Multiple Sclerosis, awarded jointly by the American Academy of Neurology and the Natl MS Society 2000\\\",\\\"Wartenberg Award, American Academy of Neurology 1999\\\",\\\"Honorary Senior Fellow, Institute of Neurology, London 1999\\\",\\\"Elected to Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences 1996\\\",\\\"Listed in The Best Doctors in America 1994\\\",\\\"Member, Dana Alliance for Brain Initiatives 1993\\\",\\\"Distinguished Alumnus Award, Albert Einstein College of Medicine 1991\\\",\\\"Fellow, Royal Society of Medicine 1991\\\",\\\"Established Investigator, National Multiple Sclerosis Society\\\\n 1987\\\",\\\"Research Career Development Award, NINCDS\\\\r\\\\n 1976\\\",\\\"Trygve Tuve Memorial Award for Outstanding Contributions in the Biomedical Sciences, NIH\\\\r\\\\n 1973\\\"],\\\"jobTitle\\\":[\\\"Bridget M. Flaherty Professor of Neurology and of Neuroscience\\\",\\\"Director, Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research\\\"],\\\"affiliation\\\":[{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"Organization\\\",\\\"name\\\":\\\"Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research\\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"https://medicine.yale.edu/cnrr/\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"},{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"Organization\\\",\\\"name\\\":\\\"Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program\\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"https://medicine.yale.edu/INP/index.aspx\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"},{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"Organization\\\",\\\"name\\\":\\\"Neural Disorders\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"},{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"Organization\\\",\\\"name\\\":\\\"Neurology\\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"https://medicine.yale.edu/neurology\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"},{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"Organization\\\",\\\"name\\\":\\\"Neuroscience\\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"http://bbs.yale.edu/neuroscience\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"},{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"Organization\\\",\\\"name\\\":\\\"Office of Cooperative Research\\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"http://ocr.yale.edu/\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"},{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"Organization\\\",\\\"name\\\":\\\"Yale Combined Program in the Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS)\\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"http://bbs.yale.edu\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"},{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"Organization\\\",\\\"name\\\":\\\"Yale Stem Cell Center\\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"https://medicine.yale.edu/stemcell/\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"},{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"Organization\\\",\\\"name\\\":\\\"Yale University\\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"https://www.yale.edu/\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"}],\\\"alumniOf\\\":[{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"Organization\\\",\\\"name\\\":\\\"Albert Einstein College (1972)\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"},{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"Organization\\\",\\\"name\\\":\\\"Albert Einstein College (1970)\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"},{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"Organization\\\",\\\"name\\\":\\\"MIT\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"},{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"Organization\\\",\\\"name\\\":\\\"Boston City Hospital\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"},{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"Organization\\\",\\\"name\\\":\\\"Harvard Medical School\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"}],\\\"image\\\":{\\\"@type\\\":\\\"ImageObject\\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/c_limit,f_auto,h_630,q_auto,w_1200/v1/yms/prod/0ce8caa6-bd3e-466f-93b8-1296f52c32b0\\\",\\\"description\\\":\\\"\\\",\\\"height\\\":1200,\\\"width\\\":630,\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"},\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"}],\\\"description\\\":\\\"Cao L, McDonnell A, Nitzsche A, Alexandrou A, Saintot PP, Loucif AJ, Brown AR, Young G, Mis M, Randall A, Waxman SG, Stanley P, Kirby S, Tarabar S, Gutteridge A, Butt R, McKernan RM, Whiting P, Ali Z, Bilsland J, Stevens EB. Pharmacological reversal of a pain phenotype in iPSC-derived sensory neurons and patients with inherited erythromelalgia. Science Translational Medicine 2016, 8:335ra56.\\\",\\\"@context\\\":\\\"http://schema.org\\\"}\"}],\"isResearchProfile\":false}}],\"sidebarComponents\":[]}"

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