2019
Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentrations of the Synaptic Marker Neurogranin in Neuro-HIV and Other Neurological Disorders
Yilmaz A, Fuchs D, Price RW, Spudich S, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Gisslén M. Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentrations of the Synaptic Marker Neurogranin in Neuro-HIV and Other Neurological Disorders. Current HIV/AIDS Reports 2019, 16: 76-81. PMID: 30649659, PMCID: PMC6420419, DOI: 10.1007/s11904-019-00420-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCSF neurograninCerebrospinal fluidProinflammatory cytokines IL-1βGroup of HIVLewy body dementiaCerebrospinal fluid concentrationsCytokines IL-1βLevels of neurograninNeurogranin concentrationsNeuro-HIVHIV neuropathogenesisSynaptic injuryHIV infectionIL-1βNeurocognitive disordersFrontal cortexParkinson's diseaseUninfected controlsReviewThe aimAlzheimer's diseaseNeurological disordersFrontotemporal dementiaNeurodegenerative disordersFluid concentrationsHIV
2018
Global Health Neurology: HIV/AIDS
Patel PB, Spudich SS. Global Health Neurology: HIV/AIDS. Seminars In Neurology 2018, 38: 238-246. PMID: 29791950, DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1649334.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNeurologic complicationsLong-term HIVCombination antiretroviral therapyImpact of HIVResource-limited settingsHIV/AIDSAntiretroviral therapyOpportunistic infectionsCerebrovascular diseaseNeurocognitive disordersHIVMortality rateMajority of studiesComplicationsInternational studiesTherapyInfectionPrevalenceAIDSDiseaseIndividuals
2017
Neurological Complications of HIV Infection
Farhadian S, Patel P, Spudich S. Neurological Complications of HIV Infection. Current Infectious Disease Reports 2017, 19: 50. PMID: 29164407, PMCID: PMC7456329, DOI: 10.1007/s11908-017-0606-5.BooksCombination antiretroviral therapyHIV infectionSuppressive combination antiretroviral therapyChronic HIV infectionPathogenesis of HANDPurpose of ReviewHIVHIV-associated dementiaNeurofilament light chainAntiretroviral therapyCNS infectionNeurological complicationsNeurological outcomeHIV diseaseAsymptomatic individualsMonocyte activityBody of evidenceNeurocognitive disordersPreventive strategiesMultifactorial causesCellular injuryMild formInfectionHIVLight chainRecent studiesCROI 2017: Neurologic Complications of HIV Infection.
Spudich SS, Ances BM. CROI 2017: Neurologic Complications of HIV Infection. Topics In Antiviral Medicine 2017, 25: 69-76. PMID: 28598791, PMCID: PMC5677044.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEarly HIV infectionHIV infectionCentral nervous systemAntiretroviral therapyCNS HIV infectionPotential viral reservoirAntiretroviral regimensSuppressive therapyVirologic controlNeurologic complicationsBrain macrophagesOpportunistic infectionsViral reservoirCognitive screening testsMicroglial cellsChronic infectionRisk factorsNeurocognitive disordersT cellsChoroid plexusNervous systemCognitive impairmentNumerous cohortsScreening testLongitudinal evaluation
2016
HIV-Associated Neurologic Disorders and Central Nervous System Opportunistic Infections in HIV
Le LT, Spudich SS. HIV-Associated Neurologic Disorders and Central Nervous System Opportunistic Infections in HIV. Seminars In Neurology 2016, 36: 373-381. PMID: 27643907, DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1585454.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCombination antiretroviral therapyAsymptomatic neurocognitive impairmentPlasma viral loadViral loadMild neurocognitive disorderCerebral toxoplasmosisCryptococcal meningitisOpportunistic infectionsNeurocognitive disordersCentral nervous system opportunistic infectionsCNS immune reconstitution inflammatory syndromeDetectable plasma viral loadImmune reconstitution inflammatory syndromeCentral nervous system symptomsClassic opportunistic infectionsCSF viral loadProgressive neurologic symptomsReconstitution inflammatory syndromeT-cell countsProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathyNervous system symptomsPresentation of infectionHigher mortality riskHigher CD4Immune recoveryCROI 2016: Neurologic Complications of HIV Infection.
Spudich SS, Ances BM. CROI 2016: Neurologic Complications of HIV Infection. Topics In Antiviral Medicine 2016, 24: 29-37. PMID: 27398860, PMCID: PMC6148921.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCentral nervous systemHIV infectionTraditional vascular risk factorsPrognosis of handSuppressive antiretroviral treatmentVascular risk factorsStandard antiretroviral therapyPotential adjunctive therapyLarge epidemiologic studiesMacrophage lineage cellsRecreational drug useHIV escapeHIV measuresAntiretroviral therapyHepatic dysfunctionNeurologic complicationsAdjunctive therapyAntiretroviral treatmentSystemic compartmentOpportunistic infectionsHIV replicationFemale sexPotential complicationsRisk factorsNeurocognitive disorders
2015
Neuropathogenesis of HIV: From Initial Neuroinvasion to HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)
Zayyad Z, Spudich S. Neuropathogenesis of HIV: From Initial Neuroinvasion to HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND). Current HIV/AIDS Reports 2015, 12: 16-24. PMID: 25604237, PMCID: PMC4741099, DOI: 10.1007/s11904-014-0255-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV-Associated Neurocognitive DisordersCentral nervous systemCombination antiretroviral therapyNeurocognitive disordersTissue reservoirsInitial viral entryTargets of infectionCourse of infectionEarly-stage infectionHIV eradicationAntiretroviral therapyHIV neuropathogenesisSevere immunosuppressionClinical symptomsHIV replicationHIV epidemicLocal infectionCNS cellsPathological involvementPathogenetic processSevere formNervous systemNeurological diseasesAdvanced stageHIVCROI 2015: Neurologic Complications of HIV Infection.
Spudich SS, Ances BM. CROI 2015: Neurologic Complications of HIV Infection. Topics In Antiviral Medicine 2015, 23: 47-55. PMID: 25965311, PMCID: PMC6148901.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCentral nervous systemModifiable risk factorsPathogenesis of HIVQuality of lifeBiomarkers of HANDResource-limited settingsNeurologic complicationsNeurologic presentationHIV infectionCNS reservoirsOpportunistic infectionsRisk factorsHIV epidemicCNS disordersCognitive dysfunctionNeurocognitive disordersHIVNervous systemInfectionDisordersCollaborative studyComplicationsDysfunctionPathogenesisDiagnosis
2014
Treatment of HIV in the CNS: Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy and the Promise of Non-Antiretroviral Therapeutics
Peluso MJ, Spudich S. Treatment of HIV in the CNS: Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy and the Promise of Non-Antiretroviral Therapeutics. Current HIV/AIDS Reports 2014, 11: 353-362. PMID: 25063356, DOI: 10.1007/s11904-014-0223-y.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCentral nervous systemAntiretroviral therapyNew neurologic abnormalitiesTrajectory of HIVAIDS dementia complexSpectrum of HIVTreatment of HIVPersistent handViral suppressionNeurologic manifestationsAsymptomatic diseaseHIV infectionNeurologic abnormalitiesNeurocognitive disordersNeurologic diseaseNeurocognitive dysfunctionTherapeutic modalitiesNervous systemHIVSevere impairmentTherapyDiseasePatientsDysfunctionPathophysiologyCROI 2014: Neurologic complications of HIV infection.
Spudich SS. CROI 2014: Neurologic complications of HIV infection. Topics In Antiviral Medicine 2014, 22: 594-601. PMID: 24901885, PMCID: PMC6148910.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCentral nervous systemCerebrospinal fluidHIV infectionCNS immune activationEarly HIV diagnosisHost genetic determinantsNeurologic complicationsNeurologic morbidityHIV diagnosisOpportunistic infectionsPersistent abnormalitiesHIV replicationImmune activationCNS dysfunctionCSF biomarkersNeurocognitive disordersHIV detectionNervous systemCognitive impairmentHIVSalutary effectsMild formEnd pointInfectionPotential mediators
2013
HIV and Neurocognitive Dysfunction
Spudich S. HIV and Neurocognitive Dysfunction. Current HIV/AIDS Reports 2013, 10: 235-243. PMID: 23860944, PMCID: PMC3732773, DOI: 10.1007/s11904-013-0171-y.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIrreversible CNS injuryEffective antiretroviral therapySpectrum of HIVQuality of lifeEffect of treatmentCommunity of patientsAntiretroviral therapyCNS infectionNeurologic injuryHIV infectionProgressive injuryImmune activationCNS injuryCognitive dysfunctionNeurocognitive disordersNeurocognitive dysfunctionHIVCognitive impairmentViral replicationInjuryBeneficial reductionDysfunctionInfectionDisordersPatientsNeurologic complications of HIV infection: highlights from the 2013 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections.
Spudich SS, Ances BM. Neurologic complications of HIV infection: highlights from the 2013 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Topics In Antiviral Medicine 2013, 21: 100-8. PMID: 23981597, PMCID: PMC6148875.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV infectionOpportunistic infectionsNeurologic complicationsPathogenesis of HANDBiomarkers of HANDHIV encephalitisHIV diseaseHIV reservoirNeurologic presentationAntiretroviral adherenceHIV treatmentChronic diseasesHIV epidemicTreatment strategiesNeurocognitive disordersSevere formMild formInfectionCognitive functionComplicationsHIVPatientsDiseaseDisordersComplex conditions
2012
Neurologic complications of HIV infection.
Spudich SS, Ances BM. Neurologic complications of HIV infection. Topics In Antiviral Medicine 2012, 20: 41-7. PMID: 22710906, PMCID: PMC6148861.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCentral nervous systemHIV infectionNervous systemBrain microglial activationWarrants further studyAntiretroviral therapyNeurologic complicationsMicroglial activationNeurologic impairmentOpportunistic infectionsClinical studiesEarly initiationNeurocognitive disordersHIV-1Neuropsychological testingHIVNormal agingOngoing abnormalitiesInfectionFurther studiesTherapyComplicationsNeuropathogenesisPoster presentationsAbnormalities
2011
HIV-1 Replication in the Central Nervous System Occurs in Two Distinct Cell Types
Schnell G, Joseph S, Spudich S, Price RW, Swanstrom R. HIV-1 Replication in the Central Nervous System Occurs in Two Distinct Cell Types. PLOS Pathogens 2011, 7: e1002286. PMID: 22007152, PMCID: PMC3188520, DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002286.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV-1-associated dementiaCentral nervous systemHIV-1 populationsMacrophage-tropic virusesCerebrospinal fluidHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infectionNervous systemCSF of subjectsT cell-tropic virusesViral replicationVirus type 1 infectionType 1 infectionHIV-1 replicationHIV-1 variantsHAD subjectsCNS infectionsTherapy initiationCCR5-tropicOvert dementiaVirological characteristicsNeurocognitive disordersHIV-1Virological stateSurface CD4CSF compartmentCentral nervous system complications of HIV infection.
Spudich SS, Ances BM. Central nervous system complications of HIV infection. Topics In Antiviral Medicine 2011, 19: 48-57. PMID: 21868822, PMCID: PMC6148949.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNervous systemCentral nervous system complicationsNervous system complicationsEarly treatment interventionStudy of pathogenesisCentral nervous systemBiomarkers of HANDDisease activityAdjunctive therapyNeurologic injuryHIV infectionOpportunistic infectionsSystem complicationsNeurologic disordersNeurocognitive disordersEtiology of diseaseMeasurable biomarkersEarly infectionTreatment interventionsInfectionHIVBiomarkersDisordersTreatmentNovel molecules