2025
Detection of emergency department patients at risk of dementia through artificial intelligence
Cohen I, Taylor R, Xue H, Faustino I, Festa N, Brandt C, Gao E, Han L, Khasnavis S, Lai J, Mecca A, Sapre A, Young J, Zanchelli M, Hwang U. Detection of emergency department patients at risk of dementia through artificial intelligence. Alzheimer's & Dementia 2025, 21: e70334. PMID: 40457744, PMCID: PMC12130574, DOI: 10.1002/alz.70334.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsElectronic health record dataHealth record dataEmergency departmentDetect dementiaDementia detectionYale New Haven HealthRecord dataRisk of dementiaEmergency department patientsBalance detection accuracyDementia algorithmsImprove patient outcomesCare coordinationCare transitionsDementia diagnosisReal-time applicationsClinical decision-makingClinician supportED usePatient safetyProbable dementiaMachine learning algorithmsED workflowED visitsED encountersNovel algorithms & blood‐based biomarkers: Dementia detection and care transitions for persons living with dementia in the emergency department
Saxena S, Carpenter C, Floden D, Meldon S, Taylor R, Hwang U. Novel algorithms & blood‐based biomarkers: Dementia detection and care transitions for persons living with dementia in the emergency department. Alzheimer's & Dementia 2025, 21: e70287. PMID: 40390207, PMCID: PMC12089069, DOI: 10.1002/alz.70287.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsElectronic health recordsGeriatric emergency departmentCare partnersEmergency departmentImprove careLeveraging electronic health recordsRisk of dementiaHigh emergency departmentRisk stratification algorithmCare transitionsCoordinated careED environmentDeliver careED settingHealth recordsDementia detectionHealthcare systemHigh acuityCareOutpatient settingStratification algorithmDementiaEmergency cliniciansBlood-based biomarkersPLWDPredicting Agitation Events in the Emergency Department Through Artificial Intelligence
Wong A, Sapre A, Wang K, Nath B, Shah D, Kumar A, Faustino I, Desai R, Hu Y, Robinson L, Meng C, Tong G, Bernstein S, Yonkers K, Melnick E, Dziura J, Taylor R. Predicting Agitation Events in the Emergency Department Through Artificial Intelligence. JAMA Network Open 2025, 8: e258927. PMID: 40332935, PMCID: PMC12059975, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.8927.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedArtificial IntelligenceCohort StudiesEmergency Service, HospitalFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPsychomotor AgitationRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsConceptsED visitsEmergency departmentAgitation eventsElectronic health record dataArea under the receiver operating characteristic curvePatient-centered careHealth service utilizationPrimary outcomeHealth record dataUrban health systemED visit dataMode of arrivalPrevention of agitationOutcome of agitationDiverse patient populationsRestraint ordersCross-sectional cohortService utilizationVital signsED sitesHealth systemMain OutcomesRestraint eventsRange of predicted probabilitiesVisit dataAdaptive decision support for addiction treatment to implement initiation of buprenorphine for opioid use disorder in the emergency department: protocol for the ADAPT Multiphase Optimization Strategy trial
Iscoe M, Hooper C, Levy D, Buchanan L, Dziura J, Meeker D, Taylor R, D’Onofrio G, Oladele C, Sarpong D, Paek H, Wilson F, Heagerty P, Delgado M, Hoppe J, Melnick E. Adaptive decision support for addiction treatment to implement initiation of buprenorphine for opioid use disorder in the emergency department: protocol for the ADAPT Multiphase Optimization Strategy trial. BMJ Open 2025, 15: e098072. PMID: 39979056, PMCID: PMC11842997, DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-098072.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsClinical decision supportMultiphase optimization strategyOpioid use disorderEmergency departmentInitiation of buprenorphineClinical decision support usePlan-Do-Study-Act cyclesLearning health system approachPlan-Do-Study-ActClinical decision support toolHealth system approachAdaptive decision supportUse disorderDecision supportAddiction treatmentPeer-reviewed journalsBuprenorphine initiationOpioid use disorder treatment initiationOpioid-related mortalityIntervention componentsED settingClinician feedbackInstitute Institutional Review BoardTreatment of opioid use disorderParticipating sites
2024
Trends and Disparities in Initiation of Buprenorphine in US Emergency Departments, 2013-2022
Chhabra N, Smith D, Dickinson G, Caglianone L, Taylor R, D’Onofrio G, Karnik N. Trends and Disparities in Initiation of Buprenorphine in US Emergency Departments, 2013-2022. JAMA Network Open 2024, 7: e2435603. PMID: 39325455, PMCID: PMC11428009, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.35603.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchGeriatric End-of-Life Screening Tool Prediction of 6-Month Mortality in Older Patients
Haimovich A, Burke R, Nathanson L, Rubins D, Taylor R, Kross E, Ouchi K, Shapiro N, Schonberg M. Geriatric End-of-Life Screening Tool Prediction of 6-Month Mortality in Older Patients. JAMA Network Open 2024, 7: e2414213. PMID: 38819823, PMCID: PMC11143461, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.14213.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAged, 80 and overBostonEmergency Service, HospitalFemaleGeriatric AssessmentHumansMaleMortalityPrognosisTerminal CareConceptsElectronic health recordsEmergency departmentObserved mortality rateED encountersEnd-of-Life Screening ToolOlder adultsEnd-of-life preferencesMortality riskIllness criteriaLife-limiting illnessOptimal screening criteriaDays of ED arrivalEHR-based algorithmTertiary care EDLow risk of mortalityHigher mortality riskMortality rateRisk of mortalityHealth recordsReceiver operating characteristic curveIllness diagnosisMain OutcomesED arrivalSerious illnessDemographic subgroupsReal-Time Electronic Patient Portal Use Among Emergency Department Patients
Turer R, McDonald S, Lehmann C, Thakur B, Dutta S, Taylor R, Rose C, Frisch A, Feterik K, Norquist C, Baker C, Nielson J, Cha D, Kwan B, Dameff C, Killeen J, Hall M, Doerning R, Rosenbloom S, Distaso C, Steitz B. Real-Time Electronic Patient Portal Use Among Emergency Department Patients. JAMA Network Open 2024, 7: e249831. PMID: 38700859, PMCID: PMC11069088, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.9831.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesEmergency Service, HospitalFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPatient PortalsUnited StatesYoung AdultConceptsViewing test resultsPatient portalsEmergency departmentED patientsClinical notesPortal usePortal accessProportion of ED patientsActive portal accountPatient portal accessPatient portal useUnique patient encountersCross-sectional studyPooled random effects modelEvaluate temporal trendsRandom-effects modelPortal accountHealth systemED visitsED encountersPatient encountersPortal usageTraining patientsMain OutcomesED arrivalFormative evaluation of an emergency department clinical decision support system for agitation symptoms: a study protocol
Wong A, Nath B, Shah D, Kumar A, Brinker M, Faustino I, Boyce M, Dziura J, Heckmann R, Yonkers K, Bernstein S, Adapa K, Taylor R, Ovchinnikova P, McCall T, Melnick E. Formative evaluation of an emergency department clinical decision support system for agitation symptoms: a study protocol. BMJ Open 2024, 14: e082834. PMID: 38373857, PMCID: PMC10882402, DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082834.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultDecision Support Systems, ClinicalEmergency Service, HospitalHumansInformed ConsentRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicResearch DesignConceptsComputerised clinical decision supportED treatRestraint useExperiences of restraint useMental health-related visitsEmergency departmentPrevent agitationSystems-related factorsImprove patient experienceClinical decision support systemsRegional health systemClinical decision supportDe-escalation techniquesRandomised controlled trialsFormative evaluationPeer-reviewed journalsBest-practice guidanceAt-risk populationsCDS toolsThematic saturationED cliniciansPatient experienceED sitesHealth systemED physicians
2023
Adoption of Emergency Department–Initiated Buprenorphine for Patients With Opioid Use Disorder
Gao E, Melnick E, Paek H, Nath B, Taylor R, Loza A. Adoption of Emergency Department–Initiated Buprenorphine for Patients With Opioid Use Disorder. JAMA Network Open 2023, 6: e2342786. PMID: 37948075, PMCID: PMC10638655, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.42786.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsBuprenorphineEmergency Service, HospitalHumansNarcotic AntagonistsOpiate Substitution TreatmentOpioid-Related DisordersConceptsHealth care systemED initiationOpioid use disorderBuprenorphine initiationCare systemUse disordersEmergency Department-Initiated BuprenorphineSecondary analysisClinician's roleEmergency department initiationClinical decision support interventionClinical decision support toolProportional hazard modelingCare of patientsNetwork of cliniciansDecision support interventionsAdvanced practice practitionersDose-dependent mannerUnique cliniciansTime-dependent covariatesTrial interventionNonintervention groupED clustersMore effective interventionsNumber of exposuresComputational phenotypes for patients with opioid-related disorders presenting to the emergency department
Taylor R, Gilson A, Schulz W, Lopez K, Young P, Pandya S, Coppi A, Chartash D, Fiellin D, D’Onofrio G. Computational phenotypes for patients with opioid-related disorders presenting to the emergency department. PLOS ONE 2023, 18: e0291572. PMID: 37713393, PMCID: PMC10503758, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291572.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnalgesics, OpioidEmergency Service, HospitalHumansOpioid-Related DisordersPhenotypeRetrospective StudiesConceptsSubstance use disordersUse disordersED visitsPatient presentationCarlson comorbidity indexOpioid-related diagnosesOpioid-related disordersOne-year survivalRate of medicationOpioid use disorderElectronic health record dataPatient-oriented outcomesYears of ageHealth record dataChronic substance use disordersED returnComorbidity indexAcute overdoseMedical managementClinical entityRetrospective studyEmergency departmentChronic conditionsInclusion criteriaUnique cohortDisparities Associated With Electronic Behavioral Alerts for Safety and Violence Concerns in the Emergency Department
Haimovich A, Taylor R, Chang-Sing E, Brashear T, Cramer L, Lopez K, Wong A. Disparities Associated With Electronic Behavioral Alerts for Safety and Violence Concerns in the Emergency Department. Annals Of Emergency Medicine 2023, 83: 100-107. PMID: 37269262, PMCID: PMC10689576, DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2023.04.004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesEmergency Service, HospitalFemaleHumansMaleMedicareMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesUnited StatesViolenceConceptsHealth care systemEmergency departmentPatient-level analysisCare systemED visitsLeft-without-being-seenNegative perceptions of patientsElectronic health record dataUnited States health care systemRegional health care systemStates health care systemDiscontinuity of careHealth record dataElectronic health recordsBlack non-Hispanic patientsPerceptions of patientsBlack non-HispanicRetrospective cross-sectional study of adult patientsAdult emergency departmentNon-Hispanic patientsCross-sectional study of adult patientsMixed-effects regression analysisStudy periodRetrospective cross-sectional studyCare deliveryClinical criteria to exclude acute vascular pathology on CT angiogram in patients with dizziness
Tu L, Malhotra A, Venkatesh A, Taylor R, Sheth K, Yaesoubi R, Forman H, Sureshanand S, Navaratnam D. Clinical criteria to exclude acute vascular pathology on CT angiogram in patients with dizziness. PLOS ONE 2023, 18: e0280752. PMID: 36893103, PMCID: PMC9997874, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280752.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAngiographyCross-Sectional StudiesDizzinessEmergency Service, HospitalHumansStrokeTomography, X-Ray ComputedVertigoConceptsAcute vascular pathologyEmergency departmentVascular pathologyNegative predictive valueDizzy patientsStroke codeCTA headPredictive valueAdult ED encountersTransient ischemic attackHalf of patientsLong-term smokersLarge vessel occlusionCoronary artery diseasePast medical historySeparate validation cohortCross-sectional analysisIschemic attackAnalysis cohortArterial dissectionArtery diseaseClinical factorsED encountersMedication useChief complaintAutomatable end‐of‐life screening for older adults in the emergency department using electronic health records
Haimovich A, Xu W, Wei A, Schonberg M, Hwang U, Taylor R. Automatable end‐of‐life screening for older adults in the emergency department using electronic health records. Journal Of The American Geriatrics Society 2023, 71: 1829-1839. PMID: 36744550, PMCID: PMC10258151, DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18262.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedCohort StudiesDeathElectronic Health RecordsEmergency Service, HospitalHumansReproducibility of ResultsRetrospective StudiesConceptsAdvance care planningDecision curve analysisLife screeningComorbidity indexCode statusPrognostic modelHealth systemOlder adultsCurve analysisOlder ED patientsPalliative care interventionsObservational cohort studyEmergency department visitsPalliative care servicesElixhauser Comorbidity IndexReceiver-operating characteristic curveIdentification of patientsMultivariable logistic regressionLarge regional health systemLife-limiting illnessRisk older adultsCode status ordersLife Screening ToolMortality predictive modelsElectronic health records
2021
Machine Learning in Emergency Medicine: Keys to Future Success
Taylor RA, Haimovich AD. Machine Learning in Emergency Medicine: Keys to Future Success. Academic Emergency Medicine 2021, 28: 263-267. PMID: 33277733, DOI: 10.1111/acem.14189.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2018
Physical Restraint Use in Adult Patients Presenting to a General Emergency Department
Wong AH, Taylor RA, Ray JM, Bernstein SL. Physical Restraint Use in Adult Patients Presenting to a General Emergency Department. Annals Of Emergency Medicine 2018, 73: 183-192. PMID: 30119940, DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.06.020.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPhysical restraint useEmergency departmentRestraint ordersRestraint usePhysical restraintDrug useRegional health systemManagement of behavioral disordersAdult emergency departmentPrevent self-harmCross-sectional studyPrevalence of agitationCross-sectional study of adult patientsAssociation of alcoholAdult patientsGeneral EDHealth systemED visitsManaging agitationMedical complaintsStudy of adult patientsVulnerable populationsSelf-harmUnique patientsTotal ED visitsPredicting urinary tract infections in the emergency department with machine learning
Taylor RA, Moore CL, Cheung KH, Brandt C. Predicting urinary tract infections in the emergency department with machine learning. PLOS ONE 2018, 13: e0194085. PMID: 29513742, PMCID: PMC5841824, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194085.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsExtreme gradient boostingGradient boostingXGBoost modelLarge diverse setHigh diagnostic error rateMachineAlgorithmXGBoostError rateDiverse setInadequate diagnostic performancePredictive modelSetPrediction toolsDiagnostic error rateBoostingCommon emergency department (ED) diagnosisFull setModelApplying advanced analytics to guide emergency department operational decisions: A proof-of-concept study examining the effects of boarding
Taylor R, Venkatesh A, Parwani V, Chekijian S, Shapiro M, Oh A, Harriman D, Tarabar A, Ulrich A. Applying advanced analytics to guide emergency department operational decisions: A proof-of-concept study examining the effects of boarding. The American Journal Of Emergency Medicine 2018, 36: 1534-1539. PMID: 29310983, DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2018.01.011.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2016
Determination of a Testing Threshold for Lumbar Puncture in the Diagnosis of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage after a Negative Head Computed Tomography: A Decision Analysis
Taylor RA, Gill H, Marcolini EG, Meyers HP, Faust JS, Newman DH. Determination of a Testing Threshold for Lumbar Puncture in the Diagnosis of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage after a Negative Head Computed Tomography: A Decision Analysis. Academic Emergency Medicine 2016, 23: 1119-1127. PMID: 27378053, DOI: 10.1111/acem.13042.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsDecision Support TechniquesEmergency Service, HospitalHeadacheHumansMiddle AgedNeuroimagingReference StandardsSpinal PunctureSubarachnoid HemorrhageTomography, X-Ray ComputedConceptsProbabilistic sensitivity analysesNegative head CTAneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhageSubarachnoid hemorrhageLumbar punctureNegative CTTesting thresholdHead CTNormal neurologic findingsContrast-induced nephropathyNonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhageLong-term morbidityHead Computed TomographyTwo-way sensitivity analysesDecision analytic modelProbability of deathNeurologic findingsRenal failureClinical variablesCurrent guidelinesPretest probabilityComputed tomographySecondary aimCTHemorrhageUse of Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound in the Emergency Department
Hall MK, Hall J, Gross CP, Harish NJ, Liu R, Maroongroge S, Moore CL, Raio CC, Taylor RA. Use of Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound in the Emergency Department. Journal Of Ultrasound In Medicine 2016, 35: 2467-2474. PMID: 27698180, DOI: 10.7863/ultra.16.01041.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsCross-Sectional StudiesEmergency Service, HospitalHumansInsurance, Health, ReimbursementMedicarePoint-of-Care SystemsRural PopulationUltrasonographyUnited StatesUrban PopulationConceptsCare ultrasoundEmergency departmentOdds ratioHealthcare Common Procedure Coding System codesMedicaid Services feeCare ultrasound useEmergency medicine practitionersMedical school graduation yearUse of pointPatient outcomesUltrasound examinationMedicare beneficiariesEM residenciesMedicare Part B feeUltrasound useMedicine practitionersPart B feePractice locationProvider UtilizationB feeService reimbursementEM practitionersReimbursementUltrasoundLower ratesThe Association Between Physician Empathy and Variation in Imaging Use
Melnick ER, O'Brien EG, Kovalerchik O, Fleischman W, Venkatesh AK, Taylor RA. The Association Between Physician Empathy and Variation in Imaging Use. Academic Emergency Medicine 2016, 23: 895-904. PMID: 27343485, PMCID: PMC5884096, DOI: 10.1111/acem.13017.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCT utilizationEmergency physician performanceEmergency physiciansPhysician performanceCT utilization ratesEmergency Department CTPhysician survey respondentsPatient-level variablesCross-sectional studyCohort of physiciansPhysician empathyLarge health systemPsychometric testsMixed effects regression modelsPhysician-based factorsPsychometric scalesSurvey response rateAcademic EDSubset analysisPhysician demographicsHead CTInterphysician variationResponse rateImaging useRTS score
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