The bidirectional relationship between pain and tobacco use: Insights from the longitudinal Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study
Costa G, Nunes J, Suh R, Sofuoglu M, Aquino J. The bidirectional relationship between pain and tobacco use: Insights from the longitudinal Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study. Drug And Alcohol Dependence 2025, 268: 112552. PMID: 39848133, PMCID: PMC11832315, DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112552.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDaily smokingDaily cigarette smokingChronic painDevelopment of painCigarette smokingTobacco smokePopulation Assessment of Tobacco and Health StudyBaseline painAlternative tobacco product usePersistent painTobacco product useDevelopment of persistent painYears of longitudinal dataHealth StudyTobacco useNo/low painPreventable causeSmoking outcomesBidirectional relationshipSurvival analysisSmokingPopulation AssessmentAge categoriesIncreased riskSurvey population
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