Xanomeline Modulation of the Blood Oxygenation Level-Dependent Signal in Awake Rats: Development of Pharmacological Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Translatable Pharmacodynamic Biomarker for Central Activity and Dose Selection
Baker S, Chin CL, Basso AM, Fox GB, Marek GJ, Day M. Xanomeline Modulation of the Blood Oxygenation Level-Dependent Signal in Awake Rats: Development of Pharmacological Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Translatable Pharmacodynamic Biomarker for Central Activity and Dose Selection. Journal Of Pharmacology And Experimental Therapeutics 2012, 341: 263-273. PMID: 22267203, DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.188797.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPharmacological magnetic resonance imagingLevel-dependent signalMagnetic resonance imagingDose selectionResonance imagingSingle-photon emission-computed tomographyEffects of xanomelineKetamine-induced activationBlood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signalEarly clinical trialsBlood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signalPrimary sensory cortexSensory cortical regionsNovel antipsychotic drugsPositron emission tomographyEmission-computed tomographyBrain activation patternsPhMRI studiesMotor cortexPharmacodynamic biomarkersAntipsychotic drugsClinical trialsAwake ratsSensory cortexAssociation cortex