2025
Nasal biomarker testing to rule out viral respiratory infection and triage samples: a test performance study
Amat J, Dudgeon S, Cheemarla N, Watkins T, Green A, Young H, Peaper D, Landry M, Schulz W, Foxman E. Nasal biomarker testing to rule out viral respiratory infection and triage samples: a test performance study. EBioMedicine 2025, 117: 105820. PMID: 40543450, PMCID: PMC12216728, DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105820.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchRespiratory virus infectionsHigh-risk settingsRespiratory infectionsRoutine screeningVirus infectionViral respiratory infectionsLow viral loadViral prevalenceGold standard testRespiratory virus diagnosisNasal biomarkersViral loadPractical screening testNasal mucosaRespiratory virusesHost biomarkersChemotherapeutic drugsVirus-positiveBiomarker testingNasopharyngeal samplesCXCL10Medical recordsScreening testElectronic medical recordsPCR panel
2024
Detection of Live Attenuated Measles Virus in the Respiratory Tract Following Subcutaneous Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccination
Watkins T, Brockhurst J, Germain G, Griffin D, Foxman E. Detection of Live Attenuated Measles Virus in the Respiratory Tract Following Subcutaneous Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccination. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2024, 231: 1089-1093. PMID: 39504437, PMCID: PMC11998556, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae537.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHigh burden of viruses and bacterial pathobionts drives heightened nasal innate immunity in children
Watkins T, Green A, Amat J, Cheemarla N, Hänsel K, Lozano R, Dudgeon S, Germain G, Landry M, Schulz W, Foxman E. High burden of viruses and bacterial pathobionts drives heightened nasal innate immunity in children. Journal Of Experimental Medicine 2024, 221: e20230911. PMID: 38949638, PMCID: PMC11215523, DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230911.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBacterial pathobiontsRespiratory virusesBurden of virusesSARS-CoV-2Innate immune activationSARS-CoV-2 viral loadDynamic host-pathogen interactionsInnate immune responseViral coinfectionCytokine profileViral loadNasal virusImmune activationProinflammatory responseIL-1BNasopharyngeal samplesHost-pathogen interactionsImmune responseInterferon responsePathobiontsInnate immunityPaired samplesCXCL10Healthy 1-year-oldVirusConsiderations for viral co-infection studies in human populations
Chin T, Foxman E, Watkins T, Lipsitch M. Considerations for viral co-infection studies in human populations. MBio 2024, 15: e00658-24. PMID: 38847531, PMCID: PMC11253623, DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00658-24.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2023
Viral Interference During Influenza A–SARS-CoV-2 Coinfection of the Human Airway Epithelium and Reversal by Oseltamivir
Cheemarla N, Watkins T, Mihaylova V, Foxman E. Viral Interference During Influenza A–SARS-CoV-2 Coinfection of the Human Airway Epithelium and Reversal by Oseltamivir. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2023, 229: 1430-1434. PMID: 37722683, PMCID: PMC11095529, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad402.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSARS-CoV-2 replicationSARS-CoV-2IAV replicationHuman airway epithelial culturesHuman airway epitheliumAirway epithelial culturesHost antiviral responseRobust interferon responseInfluenza infectionRespiratory virusesAirway epitheliumViral infectionAntiviral responseViral interferenceCoinfecting virusSimultaneous infectionHost cell defenseInterferon responseCoinfectionInfectionEpithelial culturesOseltamivirInfluenzaVirusCell defenseNasal host response-based screening for undiagnosed respiratory viruses: a pathogen surveillance and detection study
Cheemarla N, Hanron A, Fauver J, Bishai J, Watkins T, Brito A, Zhao D, Alpert T, Vogels C, Ko A, Schulz W, Landry M, Grubaugh N, van Dijk D, Foxman E. Nasal host response-based screening for undiagnosed respiratory viruses: a pathogen surveillance and detection study. The Lancet Microbe 2023, 4: e38-e46. PMID: 36586415, PMCID: PMC9835789, DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00296-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRespiratory virus panelPg/mLCXCL10 concentrationsSARS-CoV-2Bacterial pathobiontsRespiratory virusesSARS-CoV-2 negative samplesViral respiratory infectionsSARS-CoV-2 positive samplesClinical virology laboratoryHealth care systemVirus-positive samplesQuantitative RT-PCRInfluenza C virusSymptomatic patientsRespiratory infectionsSeasonal coronavirusesNasopharyngeal swabsVirus panelC virusCommon virusesCXCL10Host responseInterferon responseVirology laboratory
2021
Dynamic innate immune response determines susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and early replication kinetics
Cheemarla NR, Watkins TA, Mihaylova VT, Wang B, Zhao D, Wang G, Landry ML, Foxman EF. Dynamic innate immune response determines susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and early replication kinetics. Journal Of Experimental Medicine 2021, 218: e20210583. PMID: 34128960, PMCID: PMC8210587, DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210583.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2Case-Control StudiesChemokine CXCL10COVID-19Disease SusceptibilityFemaleGene Expression ProfilingHost-Pathogen InteractionsHumansImmunity, InnateInterferonsMaleMiddle AgedNasopharynxPicornaviridae InfectionsSARS-CoV-2Viral LoadVirus ReplicationConceptsSARS-CoV-2 infectionSARS-CoV-2 exposureSARS-CoV-2Interferon-stimulated genesUpper respiratory tractRespiratory tractEarly SARS-CoV-2 infectionDynamic innate immune responseViral replicationSARS-CoV-2 replicationPatient nasopharyngeal samplesInnate immune responseLow infectious doseViral loadNasopharyngeal samplesImmune responseInfectious doseISG responseAntiviral responseInfection progressionViral transmissionLevel correlatesInfectionISG inductionInitial replication
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