2024
Impact of COVID-19 on recorded blood pressure screening and hypertension management in England: an analysis of monthly changes in the quality and outcomes framework indicators in OpenSAFELY
Wiedemann M, Speed V, Cunningham C, Higgins R, Curtis H, Andrews C, Fisher L, Hopcroft L, Rentsch C, Mahalingasivam V, Tomlinson L, Morton C, Samuel M, Green A, Wood C, Brown A, Massey J, Walters C, Smith R, Inglesby P, Evans D, Maude S, Dillingham I, Walker A, Morley J, Mehrkar A, Bacon S, Bates C, Cockburn J, Parry J, Hester F, McManus R, Goldacre B, MacKenna B. Impact of COVID-19 on recorded blood pressure screening and hypertension management in England: an analysis of monthly changes in the quality and outcomes framework indicators in OpenSAFELY. Open Heart 2024, 11: e002732. PMID: 39214534, DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2024-002732.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBlood pressure screeningPressure screeningPercentage of patientsHypertension prevalenceHypertension managementPopulation-based cohort studyRecord of hypertensionCardiovascular disease managementClinical subgroupsQOF indicatorsScreening ratesPrimary careGeneral practiceHome statusNHS patientsOlder peopleBlood pressure measurementsCare schemesCohort studyDisease managementImpact of COVID-19COVID-19Framework indicatorsNational qualityNHSOpenSAFELY: A platform for analysing electronic health records designed for reproducible research
Nab L, Schaffer A, Hulme W, DeVito N, Dillingham I, Wiedemann M, Andrews C, Curtis H, Fisher L, Green A, Massey J, Walters C, Higgins R, Cunningham C, Morley J, Mehrkar A, Hart L, Davy S, Evans D, Hickman G, Inglesby P, Morton C, Smith R, Ward T, O'Dwyer T, Maude S, Bridges L, Butler‐Cole B, Stables C, Stokes P, Bates C, Cockburn J, Hester F, Parry J, Bhaskaran K, Schultze A, Rentsch C, Mathur R, Tomlinson L, Williamson E, Smeeth L, Walker A, Bacon S, MacKenna B, Goldacre B. OpenSAFELY: A platform for analysing electronic health records designed for reproducible research. Pharmacoepidemiology And Drug Safety 2024, 33: e5815-e5815. PMID: 38783412, PMCID: PMC7616137, DOI: 10.1002/pds.5815.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsCOVID-19Electronic Health RecordsHumansReproducibility of ResultsResearch DesignSoftwareConceptsElectronic health recordsHealth recordsComputing environmentProgram codeSoftware platformAdministrative health dataAnalysis environmentAudit trailReproducibility of researchReproducible researchData preparationPublic sharingPublic health guidanceHealth dataHealth guidanceCodeOpenSAFELYTechnical solutionsPlatformPromote trustCOVID-19 pandemicIncrease transparencyCode-sharingWorkflowDataHypertension Control During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Korves C, Peixoto A, Lucas B, Davies L, Weinberger D, Rentsch C, Vashi A, Young-Xu Y, King J, Asch S, Justice A. Hypertension Control During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. Medical Care 2024, 62: 196-204. PMID: 38284412, PMCID: PMC10922611, DOI: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000001971.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHypertension controlFollow-up intervalPrimary care clinic visitsFollow-up lengthVeterans Health AdministrationControlled hypertensionUncontrolled hypertensionGeneralized estimating equationsCohort of individualsStudy inclusion criteriaHealth careHealth AdministrationLonger follow-up intervalsBlood pressure measurementsAssessed associationsClinic visitsInclusion criteriaDecreased likelihoodEstimating equationsPrepandemic periodLow likelihoodCoronavirus diseaseFollow-upHypertensionIndividuals
2023
Excess mortality in US Veterans during the COVID-19 pandemic: an individual-level cohort study
Weinberger D, Bhaskaran K, Korves C, Lucas B, Columbo J, Vashi A, Davies L, Justice A, Rentsch C. Excess mortality in US Veterans during the COVID-19 pandemic: an individual-level cohort study. International Journal Of Epidemiology 2023, 52: 1725-1734. PMID: 37802889, PMCID: PMC10749763, DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyad136.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsExcess mortality ratesExcess mortalityComorbidity burdenHazard ratioCohort studyMortality rateVeterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) IndexIndividual-level cohort studyVeterans AffairsCOVID-19 pandemicLarge integrated healthcare systemExcess mortality patternsHigher comorbidity burdenLower comorbidity burdenMost frail patientsCharlson Comorbidity IndexObservational cohort studyClinical risk groupsIntegrated healthcare systemLeast frailComorbidity indexFrail patientsPre-pandemic periodMedian ageUS veteransPrognostic Factors of COVID‐19: An Umbrella Review Endorsed by the International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology
Sarri G, Liu W, Zabotka L, Freitag A, Claire R, Wangge G, Elvidge J, Dawoud D, Bennett D, Wen X, Li X, Rentsch C, Uddin J, Ali M, Gokhale M, Déruaz‐Luyet A, Moga D, Guo J, Zullo A, Patorno E, Lin K. Prognostic Factors of COVID‐19: An Umbrella Review Endorsed by the International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2023, 114: 604-613. PMID: 37342987, DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2977.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPrognostic factorsUmbrella reviewHigh riskIntensive care unit admissionShort-term adverse outcomesCOVID-19AMSTAR-2 toolSystematic literature reviewCare unit admissionRisk of hospitalizationKey prognostic factorsHigh-risk groupCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemicCOVID-19 outcomesDisease 2019 pandemicComparative effectiveness researchInternational SocietyCOVID-19 disparitiesUnit admissionLong COVIDMale sexAdverse outcomesOptimal careFemale sexHeart diseaseChallenges in Estimating the Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination Using Observational Data
Hulme W, Williamson E, Horne E, Green A, McDonald H, Walker A, Curtis H, Morton C, MacKenna B, Croker R, Mehrkar A, Bacon S, Evans D, Inglesby P, Davy S, Bhaskaran K, Schultze A, Rentsch C, Tomlinson L, Douglas I, Evans S, Smeeth L, Palmer T, Goldacre B, Hernán M, Sterne J. Challenges in Estimating the Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination Using Observational Data. Annals Of Internal Medicine 2023, 176: m21-4269. PMID: 37126810, PMCID: PMC10152408, DOI: 10.7326/m21-4269.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCOVID-19 vaccineRandomized trialsObservational studyCOVID-19 vaccinationDuration of protectionBooster vaccinationFirst doseTrial emulationNew virus variantsVaccinated personsEligible personsVaccine rolloutVaccinationTarget trialsVirus variantsTrialsVaccineTime-varying variablesBaselineRobust evidenceSingle trial approachRapid uptakePersonsConfoundersDoseExcess Mortality Among Patients in the Veterans Affairs Health System Compared With the Overall US Population During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Weinberger D, Rose L, Rentsch C, Asch S, Columbo J, King J, Korves C, Lucas B, Taub C, Young-Xu Y, Vashi A, Davies L, Justice A. Excess Mortality Among Patients in the Veterans Affairs Health System Compared With the Overall US Population During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Network Open 2023, 6: e2312140. PMID: 37155169, PMCID: PMC10167568, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.12140.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGeneral US populationVA health care systemHealth care systemComprehensive medical careOverall US populationRate of deathVA populationUS populationDeath rateCohort studyExcess mortalityCare systemCOVID-19 pandemicMedical careVeterans Affairs Health Care SystemVeterans Affairs Health SystemHealth systemVA health systemFirst yearVA health careStandardized mortality rateAdult age groupsVA enrolleesMAIN OUTCOMEGeneral population
2022
Recording of ’COVID-19 vaccine declined‘: a cohort study on 57.9 million National Health Service patients’ records in situ using OpenSAFELY, England, 8 December 2020 to 25 May 2021
Curtis HJ, Inglesby P, MacKenna B, Croker R, Hulme WJ, Rentsch CT, Bhaskaran K, Mathur R, Morton CE, Bacon SC, Smith RM, Evans D, Mehrkar A, Tomlinson L, Walker AJ, Bates C, Hickman G, Ward T, Morley J, Cockburn J, Davy S, Williamson EJ, Eggo RM, Parry J, Hester F, Harper S, O’Hanlon S, Eavis A, Jarvis R, Avramov D, Griffiths P, Fowles A, Parkes N, Evans SJ, Douglas IJ, Smeeth L, Goldacre B. Recording of ’COVID-19 vaccine declined‘: a cohort study on 57.9 million National Health Service patients’ records in situ using OpenSAFELY, England, 8 December 2020 to 25 May 2021. Eurosurveillance 2022, 27: 2100885. PMID: 35983770, PMCID: PMC9389857, DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2022.27.33.2100885.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCOVID-19 vaccinationCOVID-19 vaccineCohort studyPriority patientsRetrospective cohort studyPrimary care recordsMore deprived areasUnvaccinated patientsSubsequent vaccinationSouth Asian peopleSouth Asian populationGeneral practicePatientsCare recordsClinical record systemsVaccinationNHS EnglandPatient recordsVaccineDeprived areasAsian populationsOpenSAFELYDemographic subgroupsRecord systemDemographic factorsAssociation between household composition and severe COVID-19 outcomes in older people by ethnicity: an observational cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platform
Wing K, Grint DJ, Mathur R, Gibbs HP, Hickman G, Nightingale E, Schultze A, Forbes H, Nafilyan V, Bhaskaran K, Williamson E, House T, Pellis L, Herrett E, Gautam N, Curtis HJ, Rentsch CT, Wong AYS, MacKenna B, Mehrkar A, Bacon S, Douglas IJ, Evans SJW, Tomlinson L, Goldacre B, Eggo RM. Association between household composition and severe COVID-19 outcomes in older people by ethnicity: an observational cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platform. International Journal Of Epidemiology 2022, 51: 1745-1760. PMID: 35962974, PMCID: PMC9384728, DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyac158.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchComparative effectiveness of ChAdOx1 versus BNT162b2 covid-19 vaccines in health and social care workers in England: cohort study using OpenSAFELY
Hulme WJ, Williamson EJ, Green ACA, Bhaskaran K, McDonald HI, Rentsch CT, Schultze A, Tazare J, Curtis HJ, Walker AJ, Tomlinson LA, Palmer T, Horne EMF, MacKenna B, Morton CE, Mehrkar A, Morley J, Fisher L, Bacon SCJ, Evans D, Inglesby P, Hickman G, Davy S, Ward T, Croker R, Eggo RM, Wong AYS, Mathur R, Wing K, Forbes H, Grint DJ, Douglas IJ, Evans SJW, Smeeth L, Bates C, Cockburn J, Parry J, Hester F, Harper S, Sterne JAC, Hernán MA, Goldacre B. Comparative effectiveness of ChAdOx1 versus BNT162b2 covid-19 vaccines in health and social care workers in England: cohort study using OpenSAFELY. The BMJ 2022, 378: e068946. PMID: 35858680, PMCID: PMC9295078, DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-068946.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCovid-19 related hospital admissionCOVID-19 vaccineCOVID-19 diseaseRelated hospital admissionsCumulative incidenceHospital admissionSocial care workersCare workersCohort studyHealthcare workersPositive SARS-CoV-2 testBNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccineChAdOx1 COVID-19 vaccineSARS-CoV-2 positive testSARS-CoV-2 infectionSARS-CoV-2 alpha variantSARS-CoV-2 testCOVID-19First vaccine doseComparative effectiveness trialFirst dose vaccinationBNT162b2 mRNAHospital attendanceVaccine doseVaccine typesTenofovir disoproxil fumarate and coronavirus disease 2019 outcomes in men with HIV
Li G, Park LS, Lodi S, Logan RW, Cartwright EJ, Aoun-Barakat L, Casas JP, Dickerman BA, Rentsch CT, Justice AC, Hernán MA. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and coronavirus disease 2019 outcomes in men with HIV. AIDS 2022, 36: 1689-1696. PMID: 35848570, PMCID: PMC9444875, DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003314.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTDF/FTCTenofovir disoproxil fumarateCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomesTAF/FTCAntiretroviral therapyTenofovir alafenamideDisoproxil fumarateRisk ratioAcute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infectionSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infectionCOVID-19 ICU admissionsIntensive care unit admissionPrevious COVID-19 diagnosisSyndrome coronavirus 2 infectionCOVID-19-related hospitalizationVeterans Aging Cohort StudySARS-CoV-2 infectionCare unit admissionCoronavirus 2 infectionChronic kidney diseaseHIV viral loadGlomerular filtration rateAging Cohort StudyCorresponding risk ratioPooled logistic regressionDescribing the population experiencing COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough following second vaccination in England: a cohort study from OpenSAFELY
Green A, Curtis H, Hulme W, Williamson E, McDonald H, Bhaskaran K, Rentsch C, Schultze A, MacKenna B, Mahalingasivam V, Tomlinson L, Walker A, Fisher L, Massey J, Andrews C, Hopcroft L, Morton C, Croker R, Morley J, Mehrkar A, Bacon S, Evans D, Inglesby P, Hickman G, Ward T, Davy S, Mathur R, Tazare J, Eggo R, Wing K, Wong A, Forbes H, Bates C, Cockburn J, Parry J, Hester F, Harper S, Douglas I, Evans S, Smeeth L, Goldacre B. Describing the population experiencing COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough following second vaccination in England: a cohort study from OpenSAFELY. BMC Medicine 2022, 20: 243. PMID: 35791013, PMCID: PMC9255436, DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02422-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPositive SARS-CoV-2 testSARS-CoV-2 testBreakthrough COVID-19Vaccine breakthroughBreakthrough casesCohort studyIncidence rateCOVID-19COVID-19-related hospital admissionsCOVID-19-related deathsVaccine breakthrough casesRetrospective cohort studyChronic kidney diseaseCritical care admissionSARS-CoV-2 variantsDeath registry dataCorresponding incidence ratesRoutine clinical dataHigh rateMedian followVaccine waningCare admissionHospital admissionSecond vaccinationSecondary careLong COVID burden and risk factors in 10 UK longitudinal studies and electronic health records
Thompson EJ, Williams DM, Walker AJ, Mitchell RE, Niedzwiedz CL, Yang TC, Huggins CF, Kwong ASF, Silverwood RJ, Di Gessa G, Bowyer RCE, Northstone K, Hou B, Green MJ, Dodgeon B, Doores KJ, Duncan EL, Williams FMK, Steptoe A, Porteous D, McEachan R, Tomlinson L, Goldacre B, Patalay P, Ploubidis G, Katikireddi S, Tilling K, Rentsch C, Timpson N, Chaturvedi N, Steves C. Long COVID burden and risk factors in 10 UK longitudinal studies and electronic health records. Nature Communications 2022, 13: 3528. PMID: 35764621, PMCID: PMC9240035, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30836-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLong COVIDRisk factorsCardio-metabolic parametersOverweight/obesityElectronic healthcare recordsCOVID-19Community-based individualsSelf-reported COVID-19Electronic health recordsLongitudinal study sampleProlonged symptomsCOVID-19 casesFemale sexDiagnostic codesWhite ethnicityUK longitudinal studyMental healthHealth recordsStudy sampleEHR dataLongitudinal studySymptomsHealthcare recordsSpring 2021BurdenSafety of COVID-19 vaccination and acute neurological events: A self-controlled case series in England using the OpenSAFELY platform
Walker JL, Schultze A, Tazare J, Tamborska A, Singh B, Donegan K, Stowe J, Morton CE, Hulme WJ, Curtis HJ, Williamson EJ, Mehrkar A, Eggo RM, Rentsch CT, Mathur R, Bacon S, Walker AJ, Davy S, Evans D, Inglesby P, Hickman G, MacKenna B, Tomlinson L, Ca Green A, Fisher L, Cockburn J, Parry J, Hester F, Harper S, Bates C, Evans SJ, Solomon T, Andrews NJ, Douglas IJ, Goldacre B, Smeeth L, McDonald HI. Safety of COVID-19 vaccination and acute neurological events: A self-controlled case series in England using the OpenSAFELY platform. Vaccine 2022, 40: 4479-4487. PMID: 35715350, PMCID: PMC9170533, DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.06.010.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGuillain-Barré syndromeAcute neurological eventsBell's palsyCOVID-19 vaccinationTransverse myelitisChAdOx1 vaccineOpenSAFELY platformFirst doseNeurological eventsRate of GBSSelf-controlled case series designIncidence rate ratiosPrimary care dataRare adverse eventsSelf-controlled case seriesConditional Poisson regressionCOVID-19 vaccineCase series designBNT162b2 vaccineesChAdOx1 vaccinationVaccine recipientsAdverse eventsHospital admissionCase seriesAbsolute riskISPE‐Endorsed Guidance in Using Electronic Health Records for Comparative Effectiveness Research in COVID‐19: Opportunities and Trade‐Offs
Sarri G, Bennett D, Debray T, Deruaz‐Luyet A, Gabarró M, Largent JA, Li X, Liu W, Lund JL, Moga DC, Gokhale M, Rentsch CT, Wen X, Yanover C, Ye Y, Yun H, Zullo AR, Lin KJ. ISPE‐Endorsed Guidance in Using Electronic Health Records for Comparative Effectiveness Research in COVID‐19: Opportunities and Trade‐Offs. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2022, 112: 990-999. PMID: 35170021, PMCID: PMC9087010, DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2560.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsComparative effectiveness researchElectronic health recordsRoutine careCOVID-19Health recordsCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemicLong-term treatment effectsEHR dataEffectiveness researchDisease 2019 pandemicRigorous study designsCOVID-19-related questionsAscertainment of outcomesVaccine effectivenessComplex patientsExposure statusHealthcare databasesTherapeutic interventionsOptimal managementHealthcare professionalsClinical researchStudy designTreatment effectsAppropriate statistical methodsInternational SocietyAssociation between oral anticoagulants and COVID-19 related outcomes: a population-based cohort study
Wong AY, Tomlinson L, Brown JP, Elson W, Walker AJ, Schultze A, Morton CE, Evans D, Inglesby P, MacKenna B, Bhaskaran K, Rentsch CT, Powell E, Williamson E, Croker R, Bacon S, Hulme W, Bates C, Curtis HJ, Mehrkar A, Cockburn J, McDonald HI, Mathur R, Wing K, Forbes H, Eggo RM, Evans SJ, Smeeth L, Goldacre B, Douglas IJ, . Association between oral anticoagulants and COVID-19 related outcomes: a population-based cohort study. British Journal Of General Practice 2022, 72: bjgp.2021.0689. PMID: 35440465, PMCID: PMC9037187, DOI: 10.3399/bjgp.2021.0689.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCOVID-19 outcomesPopulation-based cohort studySevere COVID-19 outcomesSARS-CoV-2Oral anticoagulantsLower riskVASc scoreCohort studyHazard ratioAtrial fibrillationCOVID-19 related outcomesCOVID-19-related deathsPrescribed oral anticoagulantsPrimary care dataBaseline stroke riskOAC useCurrent useStroke riskHospital admissionThrombotic eventsCox regressionOAC usersReduced infection riskGeneral practiceDeath recordsOverall and cause-specific hospitalisation and death after COVID-19 hospitalisation in England: A cohort study using linked primary care, secondary care, and death registration data in the OpenSAFELY platform
Bhaskaran K, Rentsch CT, Hickman G, Hulme WJ, Schultze A, Curtis HJ, Wing K, Warren-Gash C, Tomlinson L, Bates CJ, Mathur R, MacKenna B, Mahalingasivam V, Wong A, Walker AJ, Morton CE, Grint D, Mehrkar A, Eggo RM, Inglesby P, Douglas IJ, McDonald HI, Cockburn J, Williamson EJ, Evans D, Parry J, Hester F, Harper S, Evans SJ, Bacon S, Smeeth L, Goldacre B. Overall and cause-specific hospitalisation and death after COVID-19 hospitalisation in England: A cohort study using linked primary care, secondary care, and death registration data in the OpenSAFELY platform. PLOS Medicine 2022, 19: e1003871. PMID: 35077449, PMCID: PMC8789178, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003871.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCOVID-19 patientsCOVID-19 hospitalisationGeneral population controlsCOVID-19 groupCOVID-19 survivorsHospital admissionHigh riskInfluenza hospitalisationsCause mortalityCohort studyInfluenza patientsPrimary careGeneral populationInitial infectionAcute coronavirus disease 2019Lower respiratory tract infectionsSevere COVID-19 outcomesLong-term adverse outcomesCOVID-19 hospital admissionsSpecific causesPopulation controlsCause-specific hospitalisationRespiratory tract infectionsCause-specific outcomesPotential risk factorsGeographic and temporal variation in racial and ethnic disparities in SARS-CoV-2 positivity between February 2020 and August 2021 in the United States
Ferguson JM, Justice AC, Osborne TF, Magid HSA, Purnell AL, Rentsch CT. Geographic and temporal variation in racial and ethnic disparities in SARS-CoV-2 positivity between February 2020 and August 2021 in the United States. Scientific Reports 2022, 12: 273. PMID: 34997001, PMCID: PMC8741774, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03967-5.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2021
OpenSAFELY: impact of national guidance on switching anticoagulant therapy during COVID-19 pandemic
Collaborative T, Curtis HJ, MacKenna B, Walker AJ, Croker R, Mehrkar A, Morton C, Bacon S, Hickman G, Inglesby P, Bates C, Evans D, Ward T, Cockburn J, Davy S, Bhaskaran K, Schultze A, Rentsch CT, Williamson E, Hulme W, Tomlinson L, Mathur R, Drysdale H, Eggo RM, Wong AY, Forbes H, Parry J, Hester F, Harper S, Douglas I, Smeeth L, Goldacre B. OpenSAFELY: impact of national guidance on switching anticoagulant therapy during COVID-19 pandemic. Open Heart 2021, 8: e001784. PMID: 34785588, PMCID: PMC8595296, DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2021-001784.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAnticoagulantsBlood CoagulationBlood Coagulation TestsCOVID-19Drug MonitoringDrug PrescriptionsDrug SubstitutionDrug UtilizationEnglandFactor Xa InhibitorsFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPatient SafetyPractice Guidelines as TopicPractice Patterns, Physicians'Primary Health CareRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsState MedicineWarfarinConceptsWarfarin patientsNational Health ServiceCOVID-19 pandemicNational guidanceCare home residencyINR test resultsRenal function testsFrequent blood testingSafety alertsRoutine clinical dataAtrial fibrillation diagnosisElevated INRMedication changesOral anticoagulantsAnticoagulant therapyCohort studyAppropriate patientsINR testsFunction testsBlood testingPrimary careClinical dataDOACPatientsWarfarinHIV care using differentiated service delivery during the COVID‐19 pandemic: a nationwide cohort study in the US Department of Veterans Affairs
McGinnis KA, Skanderson M, Justice AC, Akgün KM, Tate JP, King JT, Rentsch CT, Marconi VC, Hsieh E, Ruser C, Kidwai‐Khan F, Yousefzadeh R, Erdos J, Park LS. HIV care using differentiated service delivery during the COVID‐19 pandemic: a nationwide cohort study in the US Department of Veterans Affairs. Journal Of The International AIDS Society 2021, 24: e25810. PMID: 34713585, PMCID: PMC8554215, DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25810.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsCohort StudiesCOVID-19FemaleHIV InfectionsHumansMalePandemicsSARS-CoV-2United StatesVeteransConceptsVeterans AffairsClinic visitsCohort studyVL testARV coverageCOVID-19 pandemicVeterans Aging Cohort StudyHIV healthcare deliveryNationwide cohort studyAging Cohort StudyViral load testsDifferentiated service deliveryHealthcare deliveryHIV careMost patientsPharmacy recordsVL testingCalendar periodHealthcare encountersOverall healthARVVirtual healthcareVirtual visitsVisitsService delivery