2025
MR and CT Imaging of Temporal Lobe Encephalocele Associated Epilepsy: A Pictorial Review
De Jesus G, Nitz D, Damisah E, Mahajan A, Herlopian A, Vadivelu K, Bronen R. MR and CT Imaging of Temporal Lobe Encephalocele Associated Epilepsy: A Pictorial Review. Clinical Radiology 2025, 87: 106980. DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2025.106980.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTemporal lobe encephalocelePictorial reviewCerebrospinal fluidIdiopathic intracranial hypertensionEpilepsy patientsHerniation of brain tissueElevated intracranial pressureSurgically treatable conditionsMiddle cranial fossaIntracranial hypertensionCranial fossaUnusual locationIntracranial pressureTreatable conditionAssociated with conditionsCT imagesImaging appearanceEpilepsyPatientsBrain tissueDiagnosisImage featuresCerebrospinal fluid and brain positron emission tomography measures of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A: Biomarkers of synaptic density in Alzheimer's disease
Mecca A, Ashton N, Chen M, O'Dell R, Toyonaga T, Zhao W, Young J, Salardini E, Bates K, Ra J, Goodcase S, Silva‐Rudberg J, Nabulsi N, Brinkmalm A, Kvartsberg H, Schöll M, Nilsson J, Arnsten A, Huang Y, Hansson O, Zetterberg H, Carson R, Blennow K, van Dyck C. Cerebrospinal fluid and brain positron emission tomography measures of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A: Biomarkers of synaptic density in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's & Dementia 2025, 21: e70344. PMID: 40491249, PMCID: PMC12149441, DOI: 10.1002/alz.70344.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSynaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2APositron emission tomographyAlzheimer's diseaseSynaptic densityEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assayC]UCB-J positron emission tomographyPositron emission tomography measurementsEmission tomographyAxonal proteinsCN participantsImmunosorbent assaySymptomatic Alzheimer's diseaseAD groupProteinAssayParticipantsSV2AAlzheimerCerebrospinal fluidBrainInvestigate associationsCerebrospinal fluid assaysSV2A positron emission tomographyMolecular hallmarks of hydrocephalus
Hale A, Zhou B, Rajan A, Duy P, Goolam M, Alper S, Lehtinen M, Lancaster M, Fame R, Kahle K. Molecular hallmarks of hydrocephalus. Science Translational Medicine 2025, 17: eadq1810. PMID: 40465691, DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adq1810.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCerebrospinal fluidBrain-CSF interfacePluripotent stem cell-derived cerebral organoidsStem cell dysfunctionAssociated with dilatationDisrupts synaptogenesisNeural stem cell dysfunctionMolecular classificationPharmacological treatmentCell dysfunctionImpaired neurogenesisBiomechanical instabilityHC subtypesGenome-widePleiotropic mechanismsCSF dynamicsNeural circuitryHydrocephalusEnvironmental insultsCerebral organoidsNeurodevelopmental comorbiditiesCerebrospinal fluid immune phenotyping reveals distinct immunotypes of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.
Bastos V, Greene K, Tabachnikova A, Bhattacharjee B, Sjögren P, Bertilson B, Reifert J, Zhang M, Kamath K, Shon J, Gehlhausen J, Guan L, VanElzakker M, Proal A, Bragée B, Iwasaki A. Cerebrospinal fluid immune phenotyping reveals distinct immunotypes of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. The Journal Of Immunology 2025 PMID: 40373264, DOI: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf087.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMyalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndromeCerebrospinal fluidImmune phenotypeFatigue syndromeMatched healthy control subjectsAssessed plasma samplesMultiplex analysis of cytokinesHealthy control subjectsAnalysis of cerebrospinal fluidAnalysis of cytokinesTreatment developmentClinical presentationSymptom presentationMultiorgan diseaseInflammatory profileControl subjectsPathophysiological mechanismsMatrix metalloproteinase profilesDisease subgroupsME/CFS participantsClinical questionnaireMatrix metalloproteinasesMetalloproteinase profilesHigh-throughput microarrayPlasma samplesMeningeal lymphatics-microglia axis regulates synaptic physiology
Kim K, Abramishvili D, Du S, Papadopoulos Z, Cao J, Herz J, Smirnov I, Thomas J, Colonna M, Kipnis J. Meningeal lymphatics-microglia axis regulates synaptic physiology. Cell 2025, 188: 2705-2719.e23. PMID: 40120575, PMCID: PMC12086007, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.02.022.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBehavioral alterationsAging-associated cognitive declineMemory taskNeural mechanismsIL-6Cognitive declineIL-6-dependent mechanismInhibitory synaptic inputsCortical circuitryBehavioral changesMeningeal lymphaticsInterleukin-6 geneIL-6 signalingAge-associatedSynaptic inputsLymphatic dysfunctionLymphatic functionCerebrospinal fluidProlonged impairmentIncreased expressionNeurodegenerative conditionsLymphaticsPotential targetDysfunctionDeficitsTranscriptomic profiling after B-cell depletion reveals central and peripheral immune cell changes in multiple sclerosis
Wei J, Moon J, Yasumizu Y, Zhang L, Raddassi K, Buitrago-Pocasangre N, Deerhake M, Strauli N, Chen C, Herman A, Pedotti R, Raposo C, Yim I, Pappalardo J, Longbrake E, Sumida T, Axisa P, Hafler D. Transcriptomic profiling after B-cell depletion reveals central and peripheral immune cell changes in multiple sclerosis. Journal Of Clinical Investigation 2025, 135: e182790. PMID: 40067358, PMCID: PMC12126227, DOI: 10.1172/jci182790.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsB-cell depletionImmune landscapeMultiple sclerosisAnti-CD20-mediated B-cell depletionPeripheral CD4+ T cell populationsEffect of B cell depletionB cell depletion treatmentCD4+ T cell populationB cell depletion therapyCerebrospinal fluidCD4+ T cellsTreatment of early diseaseCD16+ monocytesImmune cell changesImmune cell subsetsT cell populationsPeripheral blood monocytesFlow cytometry-based methodTNF-a mRNACell type-specific changesCell subsetsT cellsImmunological changesAutoimmune activityB cellsMulticilia dynamically transduce Sonic Hedgehog signaling to regulate choroid plexus functions
Mao S, Song R, Jin S, Pang S, Jovanovic A, Zimmerman A, Li P, Wu X, Wendland M, Lin K, Chen W, Choksi S, Chen G, Holtzman M, Reiter J, Wan Y, Xuan Z, Xiang Y, Xu C, Upadhyayula S, Hess H, He L. Multicilia dynamically transduce Sonic Hedgehog signaling to regulate choroid plexus functions. Cell Reports 2025, 44: 115383. PMID: 40057957, DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2025.115383.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCSF productionChoroid plexusCerebrospinal fluidSonic hedgehog signalingWater channel AQP1Increased CSF productionHedgehog signalingChoroid plexus functionMotile ciliaMulticiliaSensory ciliaShh signalingNeonatal hydrocephalusSonic hedgehogCiliary lengthRegulate CSF productionSignal intensityCiliary ultrastructureChoroidEpithelial monolayersAQP1Developmental dynamicsCiliaATP1A2PlexusMigration arrest and transendothelial trafficking of human pathogenic-like Th17 cells are mediated by differentially positioned chemokines
Parween F, Singh S, Kathuria N, Zhang H, Ashida S, Otaizo-Carrasquero F, Shamsaddini A, Gardina P, Ganesan S, Kabat J, Lorenzi H, Riley D, Myers T, Pittaluga S, Bielekova B, Farber J. Migration arrest and transendothelial trafficking of human pathogenic-like Th17 cells are mediated by differentially positioned chemokines. Nature Communications 2025, 16: 1978. PMID: 40000641, PMCID: PMC11861662, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-57002-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEndothelial cellsTransendothelial migrationCCR2 ligandsFunction of CCR6Migration arrestChemokine receptor CCR6T cell receptor activationCerebrospinal fluid of patientsActivation-associated genesFluid of patientsActivated endothelial cellsEC surfaceTh17 signatureReceptor CCR6Th17 cellsT cellsChemokine receptorsCell extravasationInflammatory cytokinesReceptor activationCerebrospinal fluidCCR6ChemokinesMultiple sclerosisEnhanced expressionLongitudinal CNS and systemic T-lymphocyte and monocyte activation before and after antiretroviral therapy beginning in primary HIV infection
Chan P, Li X, Li F, Emu B, Price R, Spudich S. Longitudinal CNS and systemic T-lymphocyte and monocyte activation before and after antiretroviral therapy beginning in primary HIV infection. Frontiers In Immunology 2025, 16: 1531828. PMID: 40070827, PMCID: PMC11893981, DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1531828.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCerebrospinal fluid HIV RNAPrimary HIV infectionT cell activationCD8+ T cell activationAntiretroviral therapyHIV RNACD4+HIV infectionCerebrospinal fluidT cellsMonocyte activationNeuronal injuryCD4+ T cell activationCD8<sup>+</sup> T cellsCD8+ T cellsFrequencies of activated CD4+ART-naive peopleChronic HIV infectionTrafficking of immune cellsAntiretroviral therapy initiationChemokine receptor expressionMultiparameter flow cytometryImmune cell activationSurface marker expressionCentral nervous systemMultiple sclerosis diagnosis and its differential diagnosis in patients presenting with type four ‘mirror pattern’ CSF oligoclonal bands
Marastoni D, Sicchieri M, Pizzini F, Scartezzini A, Virla F, Turano E, Anni D, Bertolazzo M, Ziccardi S, Camera V, Tamanti A, Marini M, Lippi G, Bonetti B, Solomon A, Calabrese M. Multiple sclerosis diagnosis and its differential diagnosis in patients presenting with type four ‘mirror pattern’ CSF oligoclonal bands. Journal Of Neurology 2025, 272: 207. PMID: 39954124, PMCID: PMC11829897, DOI: 10.1007/s00415-025-12947-y.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCentral nervous systemCSF oligoclonal bandsOligoclonal bandsDiagnosis of MSAlternative diagnosesCerebrospinal fluidDemyelinating eventCentral nervous system demyelinating eventMultiple sclerosisInitial central nervous systemOligoclonal banding patternsRadiological follow-upDiagnostic work-upFrequent alternative diagnosesGroup of patientsMethodsSeventy-six patientsCentral nervous system disordersConclusionThe diagnosisMultiple sclerosis diagnosisClinical attacksMRI lesionsParaclinical examinationsDifferential diagnosisFollow-upWork-upP-1158. Surgical Outcomes Following Paenibacillus Infant Infectious Hydrocephalus
Ericson J, Natukwatsa D, Ssenyonga P, Onen J, Mugamba J, Mulondo R, Morton S, Templeton K, Hehnly C, Mbabazi-Kabachelor E, Kulkarni A, Warf B, Broach J, Paulson J, Schiff S. P-1158. Surgical Outcomes Following Paenibacillus Infant Infectious Hydrocephalus. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2025, 12: ofae631.1344. PMCID: PMC11776767, DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae631.1344.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPostinfectious hydrocephalusPP patientsPN patientsCerebrospinal fluidEndoscopic diversionHydrocephalus surgeryPositive CSF polymerase chain reactionPrimary outcomeMedian follow-up periodCSF polymerase chain reactionFailure-free survivalPrimary event rateFollow-up periodOverall survivalSurgical outcomesHydrocephalic infantsSurgical managementSurgery typePreoperative testingNeurosurgical evaluationPolymerase chain reactionCompare outcomesSecondary outcomesPatientsSurgeryCerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers and Cognition in Alzheimer Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia in a Memory Clinic Setting
Cayir S, Sadabad F, Mecca A, Matuskey D, Fesharaki-Zadeh A. Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers and Cognition in Alzheimer Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia in a Memory Clinic Setting. Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders 2025, 39: 22-27. PMID: 40397510, DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000656.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMoCA scoresMemory clinic settingHospital memory clinicCognitive performanceMontreal Cognitive AssessmentFrontotemporal dementiaAlzheimer's diseaseCognitive test scoresP-tauMemory clinicElectronic records of patientsRetrospective cohort studyT-tauCohort studyCognitive AssessmentElectronic recordsMoCACerebrospinal fluidRecords of patientsIndex scoreTau-related pathologyClinical settingDementiaConcentrations of T-tauScoresRadiological markers of CSF α-synuclein aggregation in Parkinson’s disease patients
Droby A, Yoffe-Vasiliev A, Atias D, Fraser K, Mabrouk O, Omer N, Bar-Shira A, Gana-Weisz M, Goldstein O, Artzi M, Ben Bashat D, Alcalay R, Orr-Urtreger A, Shirvan J, Cedarbaum J, Giladi N, Mirelman A, Thaler A. Radiological markers of CSF α-synuclein aggregation in Parkinson’s disease patients. Npj Parkinson's Disease 2025, 11: 7. PMID: 39753572, PMCID: PMC11698941, DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00854-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchStriatal binding ratiosLRRK2-PD patientsFunctional connectivityLeft fronto-occipital fasciculusCerebrospinal fluidGray matter volumeDeep gray matter volumesRegional brain volumesWhole-brain gray matterNeuromelanin MRIFronto-occipital fasciculusLRRK2-PDWhite matterParkinson's diseaseLeft caudateMatter volumeReduced FCParkinson's disease patientsWhole-brainBrain volumeRadiological markersHealthy controlsFractional anisotropyRadiological measurementsPatients3 Cerebrospinal Fluid
Al Bizri E, Benveniste H. 3 Cerebrospinal Fluid. 2025, 67-76. DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-93273-8.00003-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCSF proteomics reveals changes in myelin and synaptic biology after Spectris treatment
Hajós M, Pandey K, Singer A, Duong D, Bitarafan S, Shpokayte M, Malchano Z, Kern R, Lah J, Levey A, Seyfried N. CSF proteomics reveals changes in myelin and synaptic biology after Spectris treatment. Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions 2025, 11: e70051. PMID: 39935616, PMCID: PMC11812123, DOI: 10.1002/trc2.70051.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCellular lipid transportLipid transportWeeks of treatmentProteomic changesAlzheimer's diseaseCerebrospinal fluidGamma oscillationsTandem mass tag-mass spectrometryNeuroimmune functionDifferential expression analysisMyelin preservationUnbiased proteomic analysisBiological pathway analysisTreatment of ADSynaptic biologyAffected proteinsProteome modulationPhosphatidylcholine biosynthesisReduced brain volumeCSF proteome changesProtein networkSensory‐evoked gamma oscillationsExpression analysisBiochemical pathwaysBiological pathways
2024
Machine learning on unbiased proteomics of cerebrospinal fluid uncovers differential molecular signatures of Alzheimer’s disease and Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
de Geus M, Wu C, Dodge H, Leslie S, Wang W, Lam T, Nairn A, Kivisäkk P, Arnold S, Carlyle B. Machine learning on unbiased proteomics of cerebrospinal fluid uncovers differential molecular signatures of Alzheimer’s disease and Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. Alzheimer's & Dementia 2024, 20: e091783. PMCID: PMC11714358, DOI: 10.1002/alz.091783.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchGene set enrichment analysisAlzheimer's diseaseSignatures of Alzheimer's diseasePathology of ADMolecular signaturesPathways related to glycolysisNormal pressure hydrocephalusImmune response pathwaysGene setsResponse pathwaysData-independent acquisition mass spectrometryMolecular-level investigationsEnrichment analysisProteomic investigationsCerebrospinal fluidMetabolic processesProteome quantificationProteinMechanistic Insights of Gamma Sensory Stimulation: CSF Proteomic Analyses Reveal Changes in Myelin and Synaptic Proteins
Shpokayte M, Pandey K, Singer A, Doung D, Lah J, Levey A, Seyfried N, Malchano Z, Kern R, Hajos M. Mechanistic Insights of Gamma Sensory Stimulation: CSF Proteomic Analyses Reveal Changes in Myelin and Synaptic Proteins. Alzheimer's & Dementia 2024, 20: e087390. PMCID: PMC11715388, DOI: 10.1002/alz.087390.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCell surface receptorsAlzheimer's diseaseSurface receptorsCo-expression modulesDifferential expression analysisAD-related pathologyContext of ADProteome databasePost-synaptic densityProteomic analysisExpression analysisSynaptic proteinsCerebrospinal fluid proteomeCerebrospinal fluidProteinSignificance thresholdMyelin-related proteinsSynaptic regulationMechanism of actionSensory stimulationCellsPrecursor cellsRegulationCerebrospinal fluid samplesCerebrospinal fluid proteinQuantification of cinpanemab (BIIB054) binding to α-synuclein in cerebrospinal fluid of phase 1 single ascending dose samples
Liu Y, Yang M, Fraser K, Graham D, Weinreb P, Weihofen A, Hirst W, Cedarbaum J, Pepinsky B. Quantification of cinpanemab (BIIB054) binding to α-synuclein in cerebrospinal fluid of phase 1 single ascending dose samples. Journal Of Pharmacology And Experimental Therapeutics 2024, 392: 100003. PMID: 39892989, DOI: 10.1124/jpet.124.002199.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCentral nervous systemCerebrospinal fluidMeso Scale DiscoveryCentral nervous system compartmentDrug concentrationsA-synCerebrospinal fluid samplesParkinson's diseasePassive immunotherapy approachesSite of actionImmunotherapy approachesLow drug concentrationsImmunotherapy trialsHealthy volunteersSystemic compartmentDrug-target interactionsCSF samplesObserved doseNervous systemTherapeutic targetA-syn levelsClinical samplesTime-dependent bindingComplex formationCross-linking methodInvestigating the association between the GAP-43 concentration with diffusion tensor imaging indices in Alzheimer’s dementia continuum
Ariaei A, Ghorbani A, Habibzadeh E, Moghaddam N, Chegeni Nezhad N, Abdoli A, Mazinanian S, Sadeghi M, Mayeli M. Investigating the association between the GAP-43 concentration with diffusion tensor imaging indices in Alzheimer’s dementia continuum. BMC Neurology 2024, 24: 397. PMID: 39420261, PMCID: PMC11484424, DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03904-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDiffusion tensor imaging valuesDiffusion tensor imagingLevels of GAP-43Cerebrospinal fluidGAP-43 levelsGAP-43MethodsA total numberMonitoring treatment efficacySuperior fronto-occipital fasciculusGrowth-associated protein 43Diffusion tensor imaging indicesSuperior corona radiateCerebrospinal fluid levelsDementia continuumFronto-occipital fasciculusFollow-upWhite matter microstructural changesTreatment efficacyCorona radiateEpigenetic Changes in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood of People With Neurosyphilis
Mostaghimi D, Mehta S, Yoon J, Kosana P, Marra C, Corley M, Farhadian S. Epigenetic Changes in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood of People With Neurosyphilis. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2024, 231: 883-893. PMID: 39356164, PMCID: PMC11998562, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae476.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPeripheral blood mononuclear cellsCerebrospinal fluidRNA expression changesEpigenetic changesExpression changesBlood mononuclear cellsDifferentially methylated sitesDNA methylation profilesInsulin-responsive pathwaysAntibiotic treatmentImmune cellsB cellsMononuclear cellsMethylation changesDNA methylationMethylation profilesMatched controlsBacterial infectionsNon-NENeurosyphilisBlood of peopleInfectionRNANS
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