Activation of macrophages by extracellular vesicles derived from Babesia-infected red blood cells
Hagos B, Brasov I, Branscome H, Rashid S, Bradford R, Leonelli J, Kashanchi F, Mamoun C, Molestina R. Activation of macrophages by extracellular vesicles derived from Babesia-infected red blood cells. Infection And Immunity 2025, 93: e00333-24. PMID: 40172538, PMCID: PMC12070731, DOI: 10.1128/iai.00333-24.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInfected red blood cellsPrimary cause of human babesiosisRed blood cellsExtracellular vesiclesActivated macrophagesResponse to <i>B.Host-pathogen interactionsModulation of pro-inflammatory cytokinesBlood cellsElimination of parasitesPro-inflammatory cytokinesActivation of NF-kBActivation of macrophagesRelease of extracellular vesiclesInnate immune responseIncubation of macrophagesUninfected RBCsCo-culture experimentsHuman babesiosisProtozoan parasitesCytokine secretionImmune responseMacrophage activationBabesiosisEV fractionsAdding insult to injury: the spectrum of tubulointerstitial responses in acute kidney injury
Baker M, Cantley L. Adding insult to injury: the spectrum of tubulointerstitial responses in acute kidney injury. Journal Of Clinical Investigation 2025, 135: e188358. PMID: 40091836, PMCID: PMC11910233, DOI: 10.1172/jci188358.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute kidney injuryTubular epithelial cellsKidney injuryTubular cellsCases of acute kidney injuryImmune-mediated processPersistence of inflammationBiphasic immune responseChronic kidney diseaseCell deathTubular cell injuryLymphocyte subsetsTubular repairCell cycle arrestOutflow obstructionTEC differentiationPreclinical findingsLymphocytic infiltrationProinflammatory macrophagesKidney diseaseModulate inflammationImmune responseActivated macrophagesMetabolic reprogrammingTubular casts
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