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Chondrotoxicity: Which Local Anesthetics are Safest for Intraarticular Injection?
There are drug-, concentration-, and time-dependent chondrotoxic effects that vary between local anesthetics. Current evidence related to commonly used local anesthetics indicates that with exposure to equivalent volumes, bupivacaine, at concentrations of 0.5% or higher, is the most chondrotoxic agent, while ropivacaine, at concentrations equal to or less than 0.5%, is the least chondrotoxic in vitro. There is minimal published evidence that confirms these findings in vivo.
Source: Spine Intervention Society