2023
Cannabis Exposure and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Related to Placental Function
Metz T, Allshouse A, McMillin G, Greene T, Chung J, Grobman W, Haas D, Mercer B, Parry S, Reddy U, Saade G, Simhan H, Silver R. Cannabis Exposure and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Related to Placental Function. JAMA 2023, 330: 2191-2199. PMID: 38085313, PMCID: PMC10716715, DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.21146.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPrimary composite outcomeAdverse pregnancy outcomesComposite outcomeFirst trimesterCannabis exposurePregnancy outcomesCannabis usePlacental functionPropensity score-weighted analysisNulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes StudyOngoing exposureMaternal cannabis useUrine cotinine assayUrine samplesMedical record abstractionPregnancy outcome dataGestational-age birthsBody mass indexGestational age windowsPregnancy Outcomes StudyUS medical centersOngoing cannabis useAdjudication of outcomesMaternal cannabisHypertensive disordersDevelopment of a Definition of Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Thaweethai T, Jolley S, Karlson E, Levitan E, Levy B, McComsey G, McCorkell L, Nadkarni G, Parthasarathy S, Singh U, Walker T, Selvaggi C, Shinnick D, Schulte C, Atchley-Challenner R, Horwitz L, Foulkes A, Aberg J, Adolphi N, Ahirwar S, Ahmed S, Ahuja N, Aikawa M, Akerlundh A, Akintonwa T, Al-Jadiri A, Alekhina N, Algren H, Alshawabkeh A, Ammar N, Anand A, Anderson B, Aponte-Soto L, Aschner J, Atha M, Atz A, Aupperle R, Ayache M, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Bailey L, Baker F, Balaraman V, Bandy J, Banerjee D, Barch D, Bardes J, Barlocker J, Barr R, Baskin-Sommers A, Basu S, Battaglia T, Baucom L, Beamon C, Beaty C, Beckmann N, Berry J, Bhadelia N, Bhargava D, Bhuiyan S, Bian J, Bime C, Bjork J, Black L, Blish C, Block J, Bogie A, Bolliger D, Bonaventura W, Bose-Brill S, Bower M, Boyd A, Boyineni J, Bradfute S, Bramante C, Brannock M, Bremner J, Brosnahan S, Buchbinder N, Bueler E, Buhimschi I, Bukulmez H, Bunnell H, Buse J, Calhoun E, Cao T, Carrithers M, Carton T, Case A, Casey B, Casimero F, Castro L, Cato T, Ceger P, Cerullo C, Chang L, Chang A, Chebrolu P, Chen Y, Chen L, Chen B, Chestek D, Chew R, Chisolm D, Chow D, Chrisant M, Christakis D, Chute C, Cicek M, Clark C, Clark D, Clarke G, Clouser K, Connors T, Cook J, Coombs K, Cordon-Cardo C, Costello J, Cottrell L, Cowan K, Cowell L, Cranford S, Cronin J, Cummins M, Curry H, D'Sa V, Dabney S, Daniel C, Dapretto M, Darbar D, Darden P, Dasgupta R, Dasgupta S, Davis Blakley F, Dea K, Deakyne Davies S, Decker L, DeFronzo R, Dehority W, Deitchman A, del Alcazar J, Del Boccio P, del Rio C, Del Rios M, DeLisa J, Deoni S, Diaz M, Dickinson J, Dionne A, Diviak K, Donohue S, Downey M, Dozor A, Dreyer B, Dummer K, Durstenfeld M, Dworkin M, Edmonds S, Elias M, Elifritz J, Ellingworth E, Elliott A, Ellison A, Enger M, Espinosa J, Esquenazi-Karonika S, Evans M, Evans D, Facelli J, Fang C, Faustino E, Fayad Lara M, Feldman C, Fiks A, Fineman R, Finn A, Fischer M, Fitzgerald M, Flaherman V, Flotte T, Forsha D, Fortune M, Foxe J, Franks N, Freedman M, Freeland C, Friedman N, Fry G, Gage Witvliet M, Gallagher E, Gallagher R, Garavan H, Gaur S, Gee D, Gennaro M, Gerald L, Ghosh S, Giacino J, Girvin A, Godfrey S, Goldberg M, Goodman S, Gordon H, Gouripeddi R, Graham P, Granger J, Gray K, Greimes T, Gross R, Guthe N, Gutter E, Haasnoot S, Hadley E, Haendel M, Hafner S, Halabi K, Hanley P, Harahsheh A, Harkins M, Hartwig K, Hasbani K, Hasek S, Hauser K, Heath A, Hebson C, Heitzeg M, Hendrickson M, Henrich T, Hernandez-Romieu A, Hester C, Higginbotham M, Hill S, Hirabayashi K, Ho O, Hobart-Porter L, Hoffman M, Holtcamp M, Hong T, Horne B, Horowitz C, Hsia D, Hsu H, Hsue P, Huentelman M, Huerta B, Huling J, Hummel K, Iacono W, Ibanez A, Ibeawuchi C, Irby K, Ismail N, Jacobus J, Jacoby V, Jason L, Javia V, Jennette K, Jernigan T, Jiang S, Jing N, Johnny J, Johnson N, Johnson B, Johnson B, Jone P, Judd S, Juskowich J, Kabagambe E, Kaelber D, Kanjilal D, Kansal M, Kasmarcak T, Kaufman D, Kawakami R, Kellogg D, Kent D, Kewlani D, Khullar D, Kim K, Kim A, Kinser P, Kleinman L, Klerman E, Kluko M, Knight S, Kobayashi M, Kopp K, Koropsak M, Kosut J, Kraig E, Krausert A, Krieger A, Krishna H, Krishnamoorthy A, Krishnan S, Lahs J, Laird A, Laleau V, Lamendola-Essel M, Landeo-Gutierrez J, Lang S, Larson C, Lash J, Lasky-Su J, Laynor G, Lee S, Lee G, Lee F, Lee M, Leese P, Lefebvre R, Levreault A, Lewis K, Li L, Lim P, Lin J, Lisdahl K, Litvack M, Liu X, Lloyd J, Logue J, Loomba J, Lorman V, Lu Y, Ludwig K, Lutz A, Mack J, Mahmoud A, Maier C, Malakooti S, Malchenko S, Mallett G, Maranga G, Martel M, Martin-Herz S, Martinez-Lage M, Maughan C, Mauntel-Medici C, May H, Mayer K, Mazzotti D, McCallum C, McCrindle B, McCulloh R, McDonald D, McInnis S, McMurry J, Mejias A, Melamed J, Menchaca M, Mendelsohn A, Miele L, Miglis M, Milne C, Milner J, Mitchell R, Mittleman M, Mohandas S, Monteiro J, Monzon V, Moreno D, Morgan L, Morozyuk D, Morse K, Moyneur E, Mudumbi P, Müller-Oehring E, Muramatsu N, Musick H, Nagavedu K, Nahin E, Nambiar A, Natelson B, Neale M, Ness-Cochinwala M, Newburger J, Newman L, Nguyen A, Nichols L, Nolan S, Noland S, Novak R, O'Connor G, O'Keefe J, Ogbogu P, Oliveira C, Oster M, Padera R, Paik H, Pajor N, Pan H, Pant D, Partridge A, Patel P, Patel S, Patel K, Paulus M, Payne R, Pearman A, Peralta-Carcelen M, Perez N, Pfaff E, Pillers D, Pitsch C, Pliskin N, Portman M, Postelnicu R, Potter J, Prabhakar B, Prahalad P, Prasad B, Predki B, Preiss A, Prendergast H, Quinn D, Quintana Y, Rabideau D, Radosta J, Radwell J, Raissy H, Ramchandran R, Randall I, Rao S, Rapkiewicz A, Rasmussen S, Razzaghi H, Rebello C, Rebolledo P, Reddy N, Reddy U, Reedy C, Rehman J, Reichard R, Reid K, Reusch J, Rhee K, Rice M, Rizzo J, Roan N, Robarts P, Roberts T, Rochez N, Rodgers K, Rogerson C, Romero M, Rosas J, Rosenzweig E, Rothman R, Rouphael N, Russell M, Rutherfoord M, Sabati A, Sader S, Salehi M, Salisbury A, Sampson B, Sanil Y, Sato A, Saydah S, Schechter M, Schenck E, Schlepphorst K, Schuchard J, Schuh T, Sculley J, Seifert A, Sekar A, Selvarangan R, Seshadri S, Sesso H, Shah D, Shakti D, Shapiro N, Sharma S, Sharma K, Sharma S, Sharma K, Shaw G, Shemesh E, Shen Y, Shenkman E, Shiau S, Siciliano M, Simsir A, Smith V, Snowden J, Solomon I, Spikes L, Squeglia L, Srivastava S, St. Jean M, Stapleford K, Stein C, Stevenson M, Stewart de Ramirez S, Stiles L, Stock A, Stockwell M, Stone J, Stratford J, Stürmer T, Subbian V, Sun J, Suthar M, Sylvera A, Systrom D, Szmuszkovicz J, Talavera-Barber M, Tantisira K, Tartt N, Terlinde T, Teufel R, Thacker D, Thakrar M, Thibodeau S, Thomas G, Thomason M, Tong J, Torres R, Traenkner J, Tragus R, Trinity J, Tronieri J, Troxel A, Truong J, Truong D, Tsevat J, Udosen M, Unterberger K, Utz P, Vaccarino V, Vallejos B, Vanden Hoek T, Vangeepuram N, Varma J, Vernon S, Vidal C, Vivensi S, Vohra A, Wagner L, Wang F, Warburton D, Warner M, Watkins R, Watson S, Webb R, Weeks R, Weiner M, Werzberger A, West S, Weyer J, Wheeler J, Wilkins K, Williams N, Williams C, Wimberly E, Winter T, Woller S, Wong R, Wood J, Wood J, Wood M, Wu Q, Xia Y, Xu J, Yang S, Yin H, Yin H, Yoo Y, Young C, Young N, Zang C, Zempsky W, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Zimmerman E, Andrefsky J, Marrazzo J, Dixon J, Gale L, Maholovich P, Sudhindra P, Thompson T, Sheehan E, Parada A, Knowlton K, Anderson J, McIntyre M, McCandless S, Montoya S, Davis D, Spanier E, Wodushek T, Sokol R, Maldonado Y, Jacobson K, Jia X, Scott J, Quintero O, Haddad F, Valantine H, Zamanian R, Pathak D, Boyce J, Facco F, Hankle S, Vargo J, Campbell D, Armstrong D, Mann M, Burrell N, Bartholomew A, Grobman W, Cackovic B, Klopfenstein B, Weigand S, Snow E, Fennig K, Esplin M, Lamb D, Nelsen A, Phipers J, Fischer L, Docter O, Brown J, DeMartino A, Allard D, Miller E, Bousleiman S, Loffredo M, Vanneman A, Beche I, Chan-Akeley R, Pacheco L, DeVolder J, Salazar A, Thibodeaux L, Cornwell J, Nounes A, Sweet E, Pierse A, Desantis B, Gill-Jones P, Hackney D, Chauhan S, Ortiz F, Treadway J, Rugerio J, Clark K, Leatherland M, Timlin S, Grinnan C, Ferrara J, Kominiarek M, Jones D, Reynolds T, Kearns K, Saffian E, Karasti M, Pizzi C, Filipczak A, Long E, Mitchell M, Barrett K, Mullowney C, Macones G, Alba G, Alicic R, Altman N, Anglin K, Argueta U, Ashktorab H, Baslet G, Bassett I, Bateman L, Bedi B, Bhattacharyya S, Bind M, Blomkalns A, Bonilla H, Brim H, Bush P, Castro M, Chan J, Charney A, Chen P, Chibnik L, Chu H, Clifton R, Costantine M, Cribbs S, Davila Nieves S, Deeks S, Duven A, Emery I, Erdmann N, Erlandson K, Ernst K, Farah-Abraham R, Farner C, Feuerriegel E, Fleurimont J, Fonseca V, Franko N, Gainer V, Gander J, Gardner E, Geng L, Gibson K, Go M, Goldman J, Grebe H, Greenway F, Habli M, Hafner J, Han J, Hanson K, Heath J, Hernandez C, Hess R, Hodder S, Hoffman M, Hoover S, Huang B, Hughes B, Jagannathan P, John J, Jordan M, Katz S, Kaufman E, Kelly J, Kelly S, Kemp M, Kirwan J, Klein J, Knox K, Krishnan J, Kumar A, Laiyemo A, Lambert A, Lanca M, Lee-Iannotti J, Logarbo B, Longo M, Luciano C, Lutrick K, Maley J, Mallett G, Marathe J, Marconi V, Marshall G, Martin C, Matusov Y, Mehari A, Mendez-Figueroa H, Mermelstein R, Metz T, Morse R, Mosier J, Mouchati C, Mullington J, Murphy S, Neuman R, Nikolich J, Ofotokun I, Ojemakinde E, Palatnik A, Palomares K, Parimon T, Parry S, Patterson J, Patterson T, Patzer R, Peluso M, Pemu P, Pettker C, Plunkett B, Pogreba-Brown K, Poppas A, Quigley J, Reddy U, Reece R, Reeder H, Reeves W, Reiman E, Rischard F, Rosand J, Rouse D, Ruff A, Saade G, Sandoval G, Santana J, Schlater S, Sciurba F, Shepherd F, Sherif Z, Simhan H, Singer N, Skupski D, Sowles A, Sparks J, Sukhera F, Taylor B, Teunis L, Thomas R, Thorp J, Thuluvath P, Ticotsky A, Tita A, Tuttle K, Urdaneta A, Valdivieso D, VanWagoner T, Vasey A, Verduzco-Gutierrez M, Wallace Z, Ward H, Warren D, Weiner S, Welch S, Whiteheart S, Wiley Z, Wisnivesky J, Yee L, Zisis S. Development of a Definition of Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. JAMA 2023, 329: 1934-1946. PMID: 37278994, PMCID: PMC10214179, DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.8823.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSARS-CoV-2 infectionCohort studyPostacute sequelaeProspective observational cohort studyAcute symptom onsetObservational cohort studyProspective cohort studyAdjusted odds ratioDays of infectionSelf-reported symptomsSurvey 6 monthsNumber of infectionsBrain fogChest painChronic coughGastrointestinal symptomsSymptom onsetVaccination statusAcute infectionPostexertional malaiseClinical featuresLong COVIDNew symptomsOdds ratioAbnormal movements
2022
Association of a Mediterranean Diet Pattern With Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Among US Women
Makarem N, Chau K, Miller E, Gyamfi-Bannerman C, Tous I, Booker W, Catov J, Haas D, Grobman W, Levine L, McNeil R, Merz C, Reddy U, Wapner R, Wong M, Bello N. Association of a Mediterranean Diet Pattern With Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Among US Women. JAMA Network Open 2022, 5: e2248165. PMID: 36547978, PMCID: PMC9857221, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.48165.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAdverse pregnancy outcomesMediterranean diet patternTime of conceptionPregnancy outcomesDiet patternLower oddsAMED scoresGestational diabetesCohort studyUS womenLower riskRisk of APOsPrepregnancy body mass indexCardiovascular disease risk factorsSemiquantitative food frequency questionnaireAlternate Mediterranean diet scoreNulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes StudyLowest AMED scoresGestational age infantsDisease risk factorsDose-response associationFood frequency questionnaireMediterranean diet scoreBody mass indexCause of morbidityCopy number variants and fetal growth in stillbirths
Dalton S, Workalemahu T, Allshouse A, Page J, Reddy U, Saade G, Pinar H, Goldenberg R, Dudley D, Silver R. Copy number variants and fetal growth in stillbirths. American Journal Of Obstetrics And Gynecology 2022, 228: 579.e1-579.e11. PMID: 36356697, PMCID: PMC10149588, DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.11.1274.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAbnormal copy number variantsFetal growth abnormalitiesGestational ageOdds ratioStillbirth Collaborative Research NetworkGenetic abnormalitiesChromosomal microarrayGestational age outcomesGestational age infantsGrowth abnormalitiesClinical risk factorsCohort study designAdjusted odds ratioCopy number variantsUnknown clinical significancePathogenic copy number variantsPlacental insufficiencyAge infantsNumber variantsFetal growthMaternal ageRisk factorsClinical significanceHigh incidenceStillbirthAssociation of N-Terminal Pro–Brain Natriuretic Peptide Concentration in Early Pregnancy With Development of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Future Hypertension
Hauspurg A, Marsh D, McNeil R, Bairey Merz C, Greenland P, Straub A, Rouse C, Grobman W, Pemberton V, Silver R, Chen Y, Mercer B, Levine L, Hameed A, Hoffman M, Simhan H, Catov J, Reddy U, Willinger M, Davis M, Laposky A, Iams J, Dalton W, Latimer C, Polito L, Louis J, Wapner R, Fuchs K, Torres C, Lynch S, Onativia A, DiVito M, Nhan-Chang C, Basner R, Haas D, Foroud T, Perkins E, Barnes S, Winters A, McCormick C, Schubert F, Caritis S, Bickus M, Speer P, Emery S, Daftary A, Facco F, Peaceman A, Zee P, Campbell P, Shepard J, Williams C, Wing D, Wadhwa P, Nageotte M, Chung J, Rumney P, Porto M, Pham V, Parry S, Ludmir J, Elovitz M, Peters M, Araujo B, Pien G, Esplin M, Vorwaller K, Postma J, Morby V, Williams M, Meadows L, Parker C, Koch M, McFadden D, Alexander B, Yetukuri V, Hunter S, Holder T, Franklin H, DeCain M, Griggs C, Redline S, Mobley D, Surovec S, Ulanski J, Saade G. Association of N-Terminal Pro–Brain Natriuretic Peptide Concentration in Early Pregnancy With Development of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Future Hypertension. JAMA Cardiology 2022, 7: 268-276. PMID: 35044418, PMCID: PMC8771430, DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2021.5617.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHigher NT-proBNP concentrationsNT-proBNP concentrationsHypertensive disordersSubclinical cardiac dysfunctionEarly pregnancyYear post partumHypertension 2Lower riskPregnancy outcomesCohort studyCardiac dysfunctionNatriuretic peptideN-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide concentrationN-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptideEarly pregnancy body mass indexProspective multicenter observational studyPro-brain natriuretic peptidePost partumNulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes StudyFirst-trimester blood samplesAdverse pregnancy outcomesMulticenter observational studyFuture cardiovascular diseaseNatriuretic peptide concentrationsCardiovascular disease risk
2021
Outcomes in Twins Compared With Singletons Subsequent to Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes
Bartal M, Ugwu LG, Grobman WA, Bailit JL, Reddy UM, Wapner RJ, Varner MW, Thorp JM, Caritis SN, Prasad M, Tita ATN, Saade GR, Rouse DJ. Outcomes in Twins Compared With Singletons Subsequent to Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes. Obstetrics And Gynecology 2021, 138: 725-731. PMID: 34619719, PMCID: PMC8542618, DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000004561.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultChorioamnionitisCohort StudiesEndometritisEnterocolitis, NecrotizingFemaleFetal Membranes, Premature RuptureGestational AgeHumansInfant, NewbornInfant, PrematureOutcome Assessment, Health CarePerinatal MortalityPregnancyPregnancy OutcomePregnancy, TwinPremature BirthSepsisVenous ThromboembolismWound InfectionYoung AdultConceptsComposite maternal morbidityPreterm prelabor ruptureWeeks of gestationNeonatal morbidityPreterm PROMSingleton gestationsMaternal morbidityPrelabor ruptureTwin gestationsOdds ratioComposite major neonatal morbidityComposite neonatal morbidityMajor neonatal morbidityMedian gestational ageMedian latency periodMajor fetal anomaliesAdjusted odds ratioCoprimary outcomesObstetric cohortNeonatal outcomesTwin neonatesGestational agePotential confoundersFetal anomaliesMorbidity
2018
Cervical funneling or intra‐amniotic debris and preterm birth in nulliparous women with midtrimester cervical length less than 30 mm
Saade G, Thom E, Grobman W, Iams J, Mercer B, Reddy U, Tita A, Rouse D, Sorokin Y, Wapner R, Leveno K, Blackwell S, Esplin M, Tolosa J, Thorp J, Caritis S, Vandorsten J, Network T. Cervical funneling or intra‐amniotic debris and preterm birth in nulliparous women with midtrimester cervical length less than 30 mm. Ultrasound In Obstetrics And Gynecology 2018, 52: 757-762. PMID: 29155504, PMCID: PMC5960623, DOI: 10.1002/uog.18960.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCervical funnelingMidtrimester cervical lengthCervical lengthPreterm birthWeeks' gestationNulliparous womenMedian cervical lengthSecondary cohort analysisNulliparous pregnant womenSecond trimester ultrasoundAsymptomatic nulliparous womenMultivariable adjustmentSingleton gestationsMulticenter trialMultivariable analysisTransvaginal ultrasoundSecond trimesterPregnant womenCohort analysisGestationWomenHigh rateWeeksUltrasoundLtPotentially Preventable Stillbirth in a Diverse U.S. Cohort
Page JM, Thorsten V, Reddy UM, Dudley DJ, Hogue CJR, Saade GR, Pinar H, Parker CB, Conway D, Stoll BJ, Coustan D, Bukowski R, Varner MW, Goldenberg RL, Gibbins K, Silver RM. Potentially Preventable Stillbirth in a Diverse U.S. Cohort. Obstetrics And Gynecology 2018, 131: 336-343. PMID: 29324601, PMCID: PMC5785410, DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000002421.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsStillbirth Collaborative Research NetworkPreventable stillbirthsPlacental insufficiencyHypertensive disordersMultiple gestationsMedical complicationsPopulation-based case-control studyDiverse U.S. cohortSpontaneous preterm birthMedical record abstractionWeeks of gestationCases of stillbirthCase-control studyCollaborative research networksResearch NetworkStillbirth reductionPreterm laborPreterm birthPlacental pathologyRecord abstractionNonanomalous fetusesMaternal interviewsPostmortem examinationU.S. cohortStillbirth
2016
Stillbirth, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and placental pathology
Gibbins KJ, Silver RM, Pinar H, Reddy UM, Parker CB, Thorsten V, Willinger M, Dudley DJ, Bukowski R, Saade GR, Koch MA, Conway D, Hogue CJ, Stoll BJ, Goldenberg RL. Stillbirth, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and placental pathology. Placenta 2016, 43: 61-68. PMID: 27324101, PMCID: PMC5893308, DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.04.020.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPlacental pathologyParenchymal infarctionLive birthsPreterm stillbirthSimilar clinical risk factorsStillbirth Collaborative Research NetworkPopulation-based cohort studyFetal vascular lesionsClinical risk factorsFeto-placental ratioGestational hypertensionRetroplacental hematomaHypertensive disordersCohort studyPlacental lesionsVascular lesionsAvascular villiFibrin depositionRisk factorsVascular thrombiStillbirthPregnancySecondary analysisInfarctionGH
2014
Maternal serum serpin B7 is associated with early spontaneous preterm birth
Parry S, Zhang H, Biggio J, Bukowski R, Varner M, Xu Y, Andrews WW, Saade GR, Esplin MS, Leite R, Ilekis J, Reddy UM, Sadovsky Y, Blair IA, Research E. Maternal serum serpin B7 is associated with early spontaneous preterm birth. American Journal Of Obstetrics And Gynecology 2014, 211: 678.e1-678.e12. PMID: 24954659, PMCID: PMC4254341, DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.06.035.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSpontaneous preterm birthEarly spontaneous preterm birthPreterm birthMaternal serumSerum samplesPrevious spontaneous preterm birthSubsequent preterm deliveryProtein expressionLower gestational ageGestational age windowsCase-control studyCandidate protein expressionSerum proteomic analysisIndividual serum samplesPooled serum samplesSpontaneous pretermPreterm deliveryWeeks' gestationGestational ageTerm deliveryPregnant womenSerum biomarkersSerum concentrationsFetal membranesClinical sites