1998
Downregulation of atrial markers during cardiac chamber morphogenesis is irreversible in murine embryos
Gruber P, Kubalak S, Chien K. Downregulation of atrial markers during cardiac chamber morphogenesis is irreversible in murine embryos. Development 1998, 125: 4427-4438. PMID: 9778502, DOI: 10.1242/dev.125.22.4427.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCardiac chamber morphogenesisChamber morphogenesisMurine embryosChamber specificationMLC-2aOnset of cardiogenesisVentricular chamber maturationMuscle cell lineageWild-type embryosVentricular chamber morphogenesisWild-type backgroundMuscle cellsAtrial markersCritical signaling eventDistinct tissue typesChamber maturationMyosin light chain 2Ventricular muscle cellsVertebrate cardiogenesisLight chain 2Signaling eventsAtrial myosin light chain 2Mechanistic dissectionAlpha-myosin heavy chainCell lineages
1996
RXR alpha deficiency confers genetic susceptibility for aortic sac, conotruncal, atrioventricular cushion, and ventricular muscle defects in mice.
Gruber P, Kubalak S, Pexieder T, Sucov H, Evans R, Chien K. RXR alpha deficiency confers genetic susceptibility for aortic sac, conotruncal, atrioventricular cushion, and ventricular muscle defects in mice. Journal Of Clinical Investigation 1996, 98: 1332-1343. PMID: 8823298, PMCID: PMC507559, DOI: 10.1172/jci118920.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsEndocardial Cushion DefectsFetal HeartHeart Defects, CongenitalHeart Septal Defects, VentricularIn Situ HybridizationMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, Mutant StrainsMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningModels, BiologicalMusclesPeptide BiosynthesisPeptidesReceptors, Retinoic AcidTruncus Arteriosus, PersistentConceptsCardiac morphogenesisRXR alphaAtrioventricular cushionsHuman congenital heartMuscle defectsNormal cardiac morphogenesisDisease susceptibility genesEmbryonic day 13.5Gene dosage effectEmbryonic day 14.5Homozygous embryosAlpha mutant miceMorphogenic defectsHeterozygous embryosMLC-2aDosage effectAnatomic phenotypesDay 13.5EmbryosDay 14.5MorphogenesisPhenotypeDouble outlet right ventricleIntermediate phenotypesRidge defectsThe molecular genetics of retinoic acid receptors: cardiovascular and limb development.
Sucov H, Lou J, Gruber P, Kubalak S, Dyson E, Gumeringer C, Lee R, Moles S, Chien K, Giguere V, Evans R. The molecular genetics of retinoic acid receptors: cardiovascular and limb development. Biochemical Society Symposia 1996, 62: 143-56. PMID: 8971347.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsCardiovascular SystemExtremitiesMiceMyosin Light ChainsReceptors, Retinoic AcidRetinoic Acid Receptor alphaRetinoid X ReceptorsTranscription Factors