WEBVTT

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The neocortex

NOTE Confidence: 1

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is

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evolutionarily

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one of the

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newest structures in the brain.

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It's about two to three

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hundred million years old. It's

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actually also one of the

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largest in terms of brain

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volume. In humans, it takes

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about eighty percent of the

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volume of the brain.

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What is fascinating about the

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mammalian neocortex is it's got

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a six layered structure. You

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can think of it as

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a six layered pancake and

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the brain cells are embedded

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in these, different layers.

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And the neocortex

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is, responsible

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for sensory perception,

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attention, cognition,

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voluntary movement, and a host

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of other complex,

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social behaviors.

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What fascinates me is how

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little we know of the

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approximately five hundred cubic,

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centimeters of the neocortex cortex

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we have up there.

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In my lab, we have

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two main lines of research.

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We are interested in understanding

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how the neurons in the

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different layers of the cortex

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participate

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in basic brain

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And specifically in the lab,

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we're interested in these fundamental

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mechanisms

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of sensory perception and even

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more specifically in the mechanisms

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of what is known as

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active vision. So this is

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the ability to move our

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eyes, to sample parts of

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the visual scene, and to

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deploy attention to specific parts

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of the scene which might

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be more relevant to ongoing

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behavior. In the second line

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of research, we are interested

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in understanding

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the brain mechanisms underlying complex

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social behaviors such as competition,

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cooperation,

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and navigation in a complex

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social environment.

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In our work on active

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vision, what we do is

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we train

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animals to do various kinds

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of, if you will, computer

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games. They sit in front

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of a computer monitor.

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It is all very,

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carefully controlled, computer controlled, where

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we have

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precise knowledge of where they

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were looking at each moment

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in time and what they

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were seeing. This second line

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of research is, a little

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more ambitious where we are

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trying to understand

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the brain in as naturalistic

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as a state as is

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possible. So here we train,

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freely moving animals to do

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complex tasks such as, two

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animals cooperating for a mutual

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reward, or two animals competing

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for a larger reward,

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or animals navigating a complex

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social environment with or without

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the presence,

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of other individuals. And while

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they're doing these complex tasks,

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we record their behavior,

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from an array of synchronized

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cameras. With that, we have

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precise knowledge of where they

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were, what they were doing

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at each moment in time.

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So we can... We have

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a sense of their body

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posture,

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their head direction, and so

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on. And then once we

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finished,

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data collection, we we perform

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a host of modern,

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statistical data analysis to connect

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the behavior to the neural

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activity and vice versa.

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So by understanding

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the activity of simultaneously recorded

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neurons, whether these neurons are

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from the different layers of

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the cortex or from different

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brain areas, we hope to

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uncover

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fundamental principles of information processing

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and information

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flow in the, neocortex.

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And by understanding these

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basic principles, then we hope

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to make some headway in

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disease conditions such as schizophrenia

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and ADHD where information processing

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and flow are impaired.

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The brain is not giving

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up its secrets anytime soon,

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but, you know, that's that's

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what is fascinating. That's what

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keeps me up at night

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and brings me to the

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lab every day.