WEBVTT

NOTE duration: "00:03:43.744"


NOTE Confidence: 0.9316387

00:00:06.160 --> 00:00:08.160
We don't fully understand why

NOTE Confidence: 0.9316387

00:00:08.160 --> 00:00:09.139
pulmonary fibrosis

NOTE Confidence: 0.9915061

00:00:09.519 --> 00:00:10.019
happens.

NOTE Confidence: 0.9709026

00:00:10.960 --> 00:00:12.400
We think the lung has

NOTE Confidence: 0.9709026

00:00:12.400 --> 00:00:14.099
become injured for some reason,

NOTE Confidence: 0.9682296

00:00:14.594 --> 00:00:16.195
and that in an attempt

NOTE Confidence: 0.9682296

00:00:16.195 --> 00:00:17.654
to suppress the injury,

NOTE Confidence: 0.9987731

00:00:18.114 --> 00:00:19.574
the lung develops

NOTE Confidence: 0.9970419

00:00:20.035 --> 00:00:21.734
an ongoing healing process.

NOTE Confidence: 0.9733346

00:00:22.355 --> 00:00:24.515
It generates extra tissue and

NOTE Confidence: 0.9733346

00:00:24.515 --> 00:00:26.775
it's trying to regrow itself,

NOTE Confidence: 0.94162244

00:00:27.090 --> 00:00:28.370
but it can't and as

NOTE Confidence: 0.94162244

00:00:28.370 --> 00:00:29.890
a result you just get

NOTE Confidence: 0.94162244

00:00:29.890 --> 00:00:31.590
more and more scar formation

NOTE Confidence: 0.94162244

00:00:31.810 --> 00:00:33.250
to the point where the

NOTE Confidence: 0.94162244

00:00:33.250 --> 00:00:35.170
lungs become stiff, they're full

NOTE Confidence: 0.94162244

00:00:35.170 --> 00:00:36.690
of scar tissue and it's

NOTE Confidence: 0.94162244

00:00:36.690 --> 00:00:38.130
difficult for patients to take

NOTE Confidence: 0.94162244

00:00:38.130 --> 00:00:39.170
a deep breath and it's

NOTE Confidence: 0.94162244

00:00:39.170 --> 00:00:40.930
difficult for patients to live

NOTE Confidence: 0.94162244

00:00:40.930 --> 00:00:42.255
their daily lives. I mean,

NOTE Confidence: 0.94162244

00:00:42.255 --> 00:00:44.034
a cause is shorter life

NOTE Confidence: 0.94162244

00:00:44.175 --> 00:00:46.575
because they ultimately results in

NOTE Confidence: 0.94162244

00:00:46.575 --> 00:00:47.395
lung failure.

NOTE Confidence: 0.97518706

00:00:53.135 --> 00:00:54.335
My lab is devoted to

NOTE Confidence: 0.97518706

00:00:54.335 --> 00:00:55.715
finding a cure for pulmonary

NOTE Confidence: 0.97518706

00:00:55.775 --> 00:00:56.275
fibrosis,

NOTE Confidence: 0.9997346

00:00:56.600 --> 00:00:57.980
and we do this by

NOTE Confidence: 0.9997346

00:00:58.200 --> 00:00:58.700
studying

NOTE Confidence: 0.9953598

00:00:59.080 --> 00:01:00.060
immune responses

NOTE Confidence: 0.9954228

00:01:00.600 --> 00:01:02.840
and neuronal guidance proteins. For

NOTE Confidence: 0.9954228

00:01:02.840 --> 00:01:04.040
years, it was thought that

NOTE Confidence: 0.9954228

00:01:04.040 --> 00:01:05.319
the immune system had no

NOTE Confidence: 0.9954228

00:01:05.319 --> 00:01:06.940
role in pulmonary fibrosis.

NOTE Confidence: 0.99952143

00:01:07.480 --> 00:01:09.000
We all know that the

NOTE Confidence: 0.99952143

00:01:09.000 --> 00:01:09.900
immune system

NOTE Confidence: 0.99625874

00:01:10.360 --> 00:01:11.560
really helps us fight off

NOTE Confidence: 0.99625874

00:01:11.560 --> 00:01:13.435
infection, but there's a whole

NOTE Confidence: 0.99625874

00:01:13.435 --> 00:01:14.715
other role for the immune

NOTE Confidence: 0.99625874

00:01:14.715 --> 00:01:16.334
system in regulating

NOTE Confidence: 0.9876467

00:01:16.795 --> 00:01:18.814
how tissue responds to injury.

NOTE Confidence: 0.96349525

00:01:19.834 --> 00:01:22.255
Netrin one was initially discovered

NOTE Confidence: 0.96349525

00:01:22.314 --> 00:01:23.935
as a neuronal guidance protein.

NOTE Confidence: 0.96349525

00:01:23.994 --> 00:01:25.194
It was discovered that they

NOTE Confidence: 0.96349525

00:01:25.194 --> 00:01:26.554
also had important roles in

NOTE Confidence: 0.96349525

00:01:26.554 --> 00:01:27.054
immunity

NOTE Confidence: 0.9621433

00:01:27.620 --> 00:01:29.780
and in tissue remodeling. And

NOTE Confidence: 0.9621433

00:01:29.780 --> 00:01:31.540
so when we initially began

NOTE Confidence: 0.9621433

00:01:31.540 --> 00:01:33.380
studying netrin one and proteins

NOTE Confidence: 0.9621433

00:01:33.380 --> 00:01:35.060
like netrin one, we were

NOTE Confidence: 0.9621433

00:01:35.060 --> 00:01:37.720
studying how netrin one regulates

NOTE Confidence: 0.9621433

00:01:37.940 --> 00:01:38.840
immune responses

NOTE Confidence: 0.9995963

00:01:39.300 --> 00:01:39.800
during

NOTE Confidence: 0.9542637

00:01:40.365 --> 00:01:41.985
healing. Recently though,

NOTE Confidence: 0.9984025

00:01:42.605 --> 00:01:44.465
we made the completely

NOTE Confidence: 0.97608584

00:01:44.765 --> 00:01:46.525
unexpected finding that in addition

NOTE Confidence: 0.97608584

00:01:46.525 --> 00:01:48.865
to these immunologic functions, Netrin

NOTE Confidence: 0.97608584

00:01:48.925 --> 00:01:50.945
one contributes to tissue repair,

NOTE Confidence: 0.8875289

00:01:51.405 --> 00:01:51.905
remodeling,

NOTE Confidence: 0.9974006

00:01:52.445 --> 00:01:53.585
and also fibrosis

NOTE Confidence: 0.9645346

00:01:53.885 --> 00:01:54.945
through its originally

NOTE Confidence: 0.95789444

00:01:55.390 --> 00:01:56.210
described function

NOTE Confidence: 0.99910724

00:01:56.990 --> 00:01:57.810
of stimulating

NOTE Confidence: 0.9853061

00:01:58.270 --> 00:02:00.190
nerve growth and mediating where

NOTE Confidence: 0.9853061

00:02:00.190 --> 00:02:01.250
nerves are going

NOTE Confidence: 0.9973779

00:02:01.550 --> 00:02:03.970
during development and during repair.

NOTE Confidence: 0.96976364

00:02:09.055 --> 00:02:10.335
When you're trying to develop

NOTE Confidence: 0.96976364

00:02:10.335 --> 00:02:11.695
a treatment for a human

NOTE Confidence: 0.96976364

00:02:11.695 --> 00:02:13.775
disease, having a human relevant

NOTE Confidence: 0.96976364

00:02:13.775 --> 00:02:15.955
modeling system is critically important.

NOTE Confidence: 0.96976364

00:02:16.014 --> 00:02:17.635
I have to develop models,

NOTE Confidence: 0.96976364

00:02:17.775 --> 00:02:18.915
like little simulators

NOTE Confidence: 0.97167766

00:02:19.455 --> 00:02:21.000
of the human disease in

NOTE Confidence: 0.97167766

00:02:21.000 --> 00:02:22.700
the laboratory that we've engineered

NOTE Confidence: 0.97167766

00:02:22.919 --> 00:02:25.000
to express human genes and

NOTE Confidence: 0.97167766

00:02:25.000 --> 00:02:26.860
act like human fibrosis

NOTE Confidence: 0.96880215

00:02:27.240 --> 00:02:29.160
when we study it. Other

NOTE Confidence: 0.96880215

00:02:29.160 --> 00:02:31.000
times, we're studying samples that

NOTE Confidence: 0.96880215

00:02:31.000 --> 00:02:32.200
we get from our patients

NOTE Confidence: 0.96880215

00:02:32.200 --> 00:02:33.555
in the clinic, you know,

NOTE Confidence: 0.96880215

00:02:33.555 --> 00:02:35.715
cells or blood specimens and

NOTE Confidence: 0.96880215

00:02:35.715 --> 00:02:37.394
we're understanding the immune system

NOTE Confidence: 0.96880215

00:02:37.394 --> 00:02:38.375
through those samples.

NOTE Confidence: 0.9756326

00:02:38.675 --> 00:02:41.175
But other times we're making

NOTE Confidence: 0.9756326

00:02:41.315 --> 00:02:43.394
what we call mimetics, which

NOTE Confidence: 0.9756326

00:02:43.394 --> 00:02:44.754
is where we're using human

NOTE Confidence: 0.9756326

00:02:44.754 --> 00:02:46.110
organs that we get from

NOTE Confidence: 0.9756326

00:02:46.270 --> 00:02:46.770
pathology

NOTE Confidence: 0.98645556

00:02:47.070 --> 00:02:48.590
and create a little mini

NOTE Confidence: 0.98645556

00:02:48.590 --> 00:02:50.350
lung in the laboratory that

NOTE Confidence: 0.98645556

00:02:50.350 --> 00:02:51.389
we can use to study

NOTE Confidence: 0.98645556

00:02:51.389 --> 00:02:52.290
human biology.

NOTE Confidence: 0.8804797

00:02:57.230 --> 00:02:57.730
My

NOTE Confidence: 0.99983823

00:02:58.205 --> 00:02:58.705
goal

NOTE Confidence: 0.9717069

00:02:59.005 --> 00:03:00.365
is based on my hope

NOTE Confidence: 0.9717069

00:03:00.365 --> 00:03:01.645
that we will find a

NOTE Confidence: 0.9717069

00:03:01.645 --> 00:03:03.425
way to cure pulmonary fibrosis.

NOTE Confidence: 0.9591964

00:03:04.044 --> 00:03:06.544
Whether this is through prevention,

NOTE Confidence: 0.9591964

00:03:06.764 --> 00:03:08.764
meaning we understand why does

NOTE Confidence: 0.9591964

00:03:08.764 --> 00:03:10.764
pulmonary fibrosis develop and how

NOTE Confidence: 0.9591964

00:03:10.764 --> 00:03:12.145
can we prevent that.

NOTE Confidence: 0.99834675

00:03:12.630 --> 00:03:13.850
Whether it's developing

NOTE Confidence: 0.9495028

00:03:14.230 --> 00:03:15.830
a drug or a method

NOTE Confidence: 0.9495028

00:03:15.830 --> 00:03:17.030
that we can use to

NOTE Confidence: 0.9495028

00:03:17.030 --> 00:03:18.389
to halt the disease so

NOTE Confidence: 0.9495028

00:03:18.389 --> 00:03:19.690
there's no further progression

NOTE Confidence: 0.9765467

00:03:20.150 --> 00:03:21.190
or that we will get

NOTE Confidence: 0.9765467

00:03:21.190 --> 00:03:22.550
to the point where we

NOTE Confidence: 0.9765467

00:03:22.550 --> 00:03:24.550
advance science such that the

NOTE Confidence: 0.9765467

00:03:24.550 --> 00:03:26.230
next generation of scientists can

NOTE Confidence: 0.9765467

00:03:26.230 --> 00:03:27.190
pick up where we left

NOTE Confidence: 0.9765467

00:03:27.190 --> 00:03:28.545
off and we end up

NOTE Confidence: 0.9765467

00:03:28.545 --> 00:03:29.825
with being able to reverse

NOTE Confidence: 0.9765467

00:03:29.825 --> 00:03:30.565
the disease,

NOTE Confidence: 0.9560376

00:03:31.105 --> 00:03:33.105
eradicate fibrosis, and have normal

NOTE Confidence: 0.9560376

00:03:33.105 --> 00:03:35.425
lung regrow so patients who

NOTE Confidence: 0.9560376

00:03:35.425 --> 00:03:37.185
were previously sick can become

NOTE Confidence: 0.9560376

00:03:37.185 --> 00:03:37.685
healthy.